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<title>Tar Task</title>
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<h2 id="tar">Tar</h2>
<h3>Description</h3>
<p>Creates a tar archive.</p>
<p>The <var>basedir</var> attribute is the reference directory from where to tar.</p>
<p>This task is a <a href="../dirtasks.html#directorybasedtasks">directory based task</a> and, as
such, forms an implicit <a href="../Types/fileset.html">Fileset</a>. This defines which files,
relative to the <var>basedir</var>, will be included in the archive. The <code>tar</code> task
supports all the attributes of Fileset to refine the set of files to be included in the implicit
fileset.</p>

<p>In addition to the implicit fileset, the <code>tar</code> task supports nested resource
collections and a special form of filesets. These filesets are extended to allow control over the
access mode, username and groupname to be applied to the tar entries. This is useful, for example,
when preparing archives for Unix systems where some files need to have execute permission.  By
default this task will use Unix permissions of 644 for files and 755 for directories.</p>

<p>Early versions of <kbd>tar</kbd> utility did not support paths longer than 100 characters. Over
time several incompatible extensions have been developed until a new POSIX standard was created that
added so called PAX extension headers (as the <kbd>pax</kbd> utility first introduced them) that
among another things addressed file names longer than 100 characters.  All modern implementations
of <kbd>tar</kbd> support PAX extension headers.</p>

<p>Ant's <kbd>tar</kbd> support predates the standard with PAX extension headers, it supports
different dialects that can be enabled using the <var>longfile</var> attribute.  If
the <var>longfile</var> attribute is set to <q>fail</q>, any long paths will cause
the <code>tar</code> task to fail.  If the <var>longfile</var> attribute is set to <q>truncate</q>,
any long paths will be truncated to the 100 character maximum length prior to adding to the
archive. If the value of the <var>longfile</var> attribute is set to <q>omit</q> then files
containing long paths will be omitted from the archive.  Either option ensures that the archive can
be untarred by any compliant version of <kbd>tar</kbd>.</p>

<p>If the loss of path or file information is not acceptable, and it rarely is, <var>longfile</var>
may be set to the value <q>gnu</q> or <q>posix</q>.  With <q>posix</q> Ant will add PAX extension
headers, with <q>gnu</q> it adds GNU <kbd>tar</kbd> specific extensions that newer versions of
GNU <kbd>tar</kbd> call <q>oldgnu</q>.  GNU <kbd>tar</kbd> still creates these extensions by default
but supports PAX extension headers as well.  Either choice will produce a tar file which can have
arbitrary length paths. Note however, that the resulting archive will only be able to be untarred
with <kbd>tar</kbd> tools that support the chosen format.</p>

<p>The default for the <var>longfile</var> attribute is <q>warn</q> which behaves just like
the <q>gnu</q> option except that it produces a warning for each filepath encountered that does not
match the limit.  It uses <q>gnu</q> rather than <q>posix</q> for backwards compatibility
reasons.</p>

<p>To achieve best interoperability you should use either <q>fail</q> or <q>posix</q> for
the <var>longfile</var> attribute.</p>

<p>This task can perform compression by setting the <var>compression</var> attribute
to <q>gzip</q>, <q>bzip2</q>, or <q>xz</q>.</p>

<h3>Parameters</h3>
<table class="attr">
  <tr>
    <th scope="col">Attribute</th>
    <th scope="col">Description</th>
    <th scope="col">Required</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>destfile</td>
    <td>the tar file to create.</td>
    <td>Yes</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>basedir</td>
    <td>the directory from which to tar the files.</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>longfile</td>
    <td>Determines how long filenames (&gt; 100 chars) are to be handled.  Allowed values
      are <q>truncate</q>, <q>fail</q>, <q>warn</q>, <q>omit</q>, <q>gnu</q> and <q>posix</q>.</td>
    <td>No; default is <q>warn</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>includes</td>
    <td>comma- or space-separated list of patterns of files that must be included.</td>
    <td>No; defaults to all (<q>**</q>)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>includesfile</td>
    <td>name of a file. Each line of this file is taken to be an include pattern</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>excludes</td>
    <td>comma- or space-separated list of patterns of files that must be excluded.</td>
    <td>No; defaults to default excludes or none if <var>defaultexcludes</var> is <q>no</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>excludesfile</td>
    <td>name of a file. Each line of this file is taken to be an exclude pattern</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>defaultexcludes</td>
    <td>indicates whether default excludes should be used or not (<q>yes|no</q>).</td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>yes</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>compression</td>
    <td>compression method.  Allowable values are <q>none</q>, <q>gzip</q>, <q>xz</q>
      and <q>bzip2</q>.</td>
    <td>No; default is <q>none</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>encoding</td>
    <td>The character encoding to use for filenames inside the tar file.  For a list of possible
      values see
      the <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/intl/encoding.doc.html"
      target="_top">Supported Encodings</a>. In general the tar format
      expects names to use a single byte encoding and specifying a
      multi-byte encoding here may lead to archives that cannot be
      properly extracted by my tar tools.<br/><em>Since Ant 1.9.5</em>
    <td>No; defaults to default JVM character encoding</td>
  </tr>
</table>

<h3>Parameters specified as nested elements</h3>

<p>The task supports nested <a href="../Types/tarfileset.html">tarfileset</a> elements. These
are extended <a href="../Types/fileset.html">FileSets</a> which, in addition to the standard
elements, support one additional attributes</p>

<table class="attr">
  <tr>
    <th scope="col">Attribute</th>
    <th scope="col">Description</th>
    <th scope="col">Required</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>preserveLeadingSlashes</td>
    <td>Indicates whether leading <q>/</q> should be preserved in the file names.</td>
    <td>No; default is <q>false</q></td>
  </tr>
</table>

<h4>any other resource collection</h4>
<p><a href="../Types/resources.html#collection">resource collections</a> are used to select groups
of files to archive.</p>
<p>Prior to Apache Ant 1.7 only <code>&lt;fileset&gt;</code> has been supported as a nested
element.</p>

<h3>Examples</h3>

<p>Tar all files in the <samp>htdocs/manual</samp> directory into a file
called <samp>manual.tar</samp> in the <samp>${dist}</samp> directory, then apply
the <code>gzip</code> task to compress it.</p>

<pre>
&lt;tar destfile=&quot;${dist}/manual.tar&quot; basedir=&quot;htdocs/manual&quot;/&gt;
&lt;gzip destfile=&quot;${dist}/manual.tar.gz&quot; src=&quot;${dist}/manual.tar&quot;/&gt;</pre>

<p>Tar all files in the <samp>htdocs/manual</samp> directory into a file
called <samp>manual.tar</samp> in the <samp>${dist}</samp> directory. Files in the
directory <samp>mydocs</samp>, or files with the name <samp>todo.html</samp> are excluded.</p>

<pre>
&lt;tar destfile=&quot;${dist}/manual.tar&quot;
     basedir=&quot;htdocs/manual&quot;
     excludes=&quot;mydocs/**, **/todo.html&quot;/&gt;</pre>

<p>Write the file <samp>docs/readme.txt</samp> as <samp>/usr/doc/ant/README</samp> into the
archive. All <samp>*.html</samp> files in the <samp>docs</samp> directory are prefixed
by <samp>/usr/doc/ant</samp>, so for example <samp>docs/index.html</samp> is written
as <samp>/usr/doc/ant/index.html</samp> to the archive.</p>

<pre>
&lt;tar destfile=&quot;${basedir}/docs.tar&quot;&gt;
  &lt;tarfileset dir=&quot;${dir.src}/docs&quot;
              fullpath=&quot;/usr/doc/ant/README&quot;
              preserveLeadingSlashes=&quot;true&quot;&gt;
    &lt;include name=&quot;readme.txt&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;/tarfileset&gt;
  &lt;tarfileset dir=&quot;${dir.src}/docs&quot;
              prefix=&quot;/usr/doc/ant&quot;
              preserveLeadingSlashes=&quot;true&quot;&gt;
    &lt;include name=&quot;*.html&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;/tarfileset&gt;
&lt;/tar&gt;</pre>

<p>Build a tar which uses the GNU extensions for long paths where some files need to be marked as
executable (mode 755) and the rest use the default mode (read-write by owner). The first fileset
selects just the executable files. The second fileset must exclude the executable files and include
all others.</p>

<pre>
&lt;tar longfile=&quot;gnu&quot;
     destfile=&quot;${dist.base}/${dist.name}-src.tar&quot;&gt;
  &lt;tarfileset dir=&quot;${dist.name}/..&quot; filemode=&quot;755&quot; username=&quot;ant&quot; group=&quot;ant&quot;&gt;
    &lt;include name=&quot;${dist.name}/bootstrap.sh&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;include name=&quot;${dist.name}/build.sh&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;/tarfileset&gt;
  &lt;tarfileset dir=&quot;${dist.name}/..&quot; username=&quot;ant&quot; group=&quot;ant&quot;&gt;
    &lt;include name=&quot;${dist.name}/**&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;exclude name=&quot;${dist.name}/bootstrap.sh&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;exclude name=&quot;${dist.name}/build.sh&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;/tarfileset&gt;
&lt;/tar&gt;</pre>

<p><strong>Note</strong>: The <code>tar</code> task does not ensure that a file is only selected by
one resource collection. If the same file is selected by more than one collection, it will be
included in the tar file twice, with the same path.</p>

<p><strong>Note</strong>: The patterns in the <code>include</code> and <code>exclude</code> elements
are considered to be relative to the corresponding <var>dir</var> attribute as with all other
filesets.  In the example above, <samp>${dist.name}</samp> is not an absolute path, but a simple
name of a directory, so <samp>${dist.name}</samp> is a valid path relative
to <samp>${dist.name}/..</samp>.</p>

<p>Re-package a ZIP archive as a GZip compressed tar archive.  If Unix file permissions have been
stored as part of the ZIP file, they will be retained in the resulting tar archive.</p>

<pre>
&lt;tar destfile="release.tar.gz" compression="gzip"&gt;
  &lt;zipfileset src="release.zip"/&gt;
&lt;/tar&gt;</pre>

<p><strong>Note</strong>: Please note the <code>tar</code> task creates a tar file, it does not
append to an existing tar file. The existing tar file is replaced instead.  As with most tasks in
Ant, the task only takes action if the output file (the tar file in this case) is older than the
input files, or if the output file does not exist.</p>

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