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- <h1>Apache Ant Project Bylaws</h1>
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- <br/>
- <table class="nowrap" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
- <tr><td bgcolor="#294563"><font color="#ffffff"><a name="Apache Ant Project Bylaws"><strong>Apache Ant Project Bylaws</strong></a></font></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- This document defines the bylaws under which the Apache Ant project
- operates. It defines the roles and responsibilities of the
- project, who may vote, how voting works, how conflicts are resolved,
- etc.
- </p>
- <p>
- Ant is a project of the
- <a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/">Apache Software
- Foundation</a>. The foundation holds the copyright on Apache
- code including the code in the Ant codebase. The
- <a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/faq.html">foundation FAQ</a>
- explains the operation and background of the foundation.
- </p>
- <p>
- Ant is typical of Apache projects in that it operates under a set of
- principles, known collectively as the "Apache Way". If you are
- new to Apache development, please refer to the
- <a href="http://incubator.apache.org">Incubator project</a>
- for more information on how Apache projects operate. <b>Note:</b> the
- incubator project has only been recently set up and does not yet explain
- the Apache Way in great detail.
- </p>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="#Roles and Responsibilities">Roles and Responsibilities</a></li>
- <li><a href="#Decision Making">How decisions are made</a></li>
- </ul>
- <br/>
- <table class="nowrap" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
- <tr><td bgcolor="#294563"><font color="#ffffff"><a name="Roles and Responsibilities"><strong>Roles and Responsibilities</strong></a></font></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- Apache projects define a set of roles with associated rights and
- responsibilities. These roles govern what tasks an individual may perform
- within the project. The roles are defined in the following sections
- </p>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="#Users">Users</a></li>
- <li><a href="#Developers">Developers</a></li>
- <li><a href="#Committers">Committers</a></li>
- <li><a href="#Project Management Committee">
- Project Management Committee (PMC)</a>
- </li>
- </ul>
- <br/>
- <a name="Users"></a>
- <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
- <tr><td bgcolor="#4C6C8F">
- <font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
- <strong>Users</strong>
- </font>
- </td></tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- The most important participants in the project are people who use our
- software. The majority of our developers start out as users and guide
- their development efforts from the user's perspective.
- </p>
- <p>
- Users contribute to the Apache projects by providing feedback to
- developers in the form of bug reports and feature suggestions. As
- well, users participate in the Apache community by helping other users
- on mailing lists and user support forums.
- </p>
- <br/>
- <a name="Developers"></a>
- <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
- <tr><td bgcolor="#4C6C8F">
- <font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
- <strong>Developers</strong>
- </font>
- </td></tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- All of the volunteers who are contributing time, code, documentation,
- or resources to the Ant Project. A developer that makes sustained,
- welcome contributions to the project may be invited to become a
- Committer, though the exact timing of such invitations depends on many
- factors.
- </p>
- <br/>
- <a name="Committers"></a>
- <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
- <tr><td bgcolor="#4C6C8F">
- <font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
- <strong>Committers</strong>
- </font>
- </td></tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- The project's Committers are responsible for the project's technical
- management. All committers have write access to the project's source
- repositories. Committers may cast binding votes on any technical
- discussion regarding the project.
- </p>
- <p>
- Committer access is by invitation only and must be approved by lazy
- consensus of the active PMC members. A Committer is considered emeritus
- by their own declaration or by not contributing in any form to the
- project for over six months. An emeritus committer may request
- reinstatement of commit access from the PMC. Such reinstatement is
- subject to lazy consensus of active PMC members.
- </p>
- <p>
- Commit access can be revoked by a unanimous vote of all the active
- PMC members (except the committer in question if they are also a PMC member).
- </p>
- <p>
- All Apache committers are required to have a signed Contributor License
- Agreement (CLA) on file with the Apache Software Foundation. There is a
- <a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/committers.html">Committer FAQ</a>
- which provides more details on the requirements for Committers
- </p>
- <p>
- A committer who makes a sustained contribution to the project may be
- invited to become a member of the PMC. The form of contribution is
- not limited to code. It can also include code review, helping out
- users on the mailing lists, documentation, etc.
- </p>
- <br/>
- <a name="Project Management Committee"></a>
- <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
- <tr><td bgcolor="#4C6C8F">
- <font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
- <strong>Project Management Committee</strong>
- </font>
- </td></tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- The Project Management Committee (PMC) for Apache Ant was created by a
- <a href="mission.html">resolution</a> of the board of the Apache
- Software Foundation on 18<sup>th</sup> November 2002. The PMC is
- responsible to the board and the ASF for the management and oversight
- of the Apache Ant codebase. The responsibilities of the PMC include
- </p>
- <ul>
- <li>Deciding what is distributed as products of the Apache Ant project.
- In particular all releases must be approved by the PMC
- </li>
- <li>Maintaining the project's shared resources, including the codebase
- repository, mailing lists, websites.
- </li>
- <li>Speaking on behalf of the project.
- </li>
- <li>Resolving license disputes regarding products of the project
- </li>
- <li>Nominating new PMC members and committers
- </li>
- <li>Maintaining these bylaws and other guidelines of the project
- </li>
- </ul>
- <p>
- Membership of the PMC is by invitation only and must be approved by a
- lazy consensus of active PMC members. A PMC member is considered
- "emeritus" by their own declaration or by not contributing in
- any form to the project for over six months. An emeritus member may
- request reinstatement to the PMC. Such reinstatement is subject to lazy
- consensus of the active PMC members. Membership of the PMC can be
- revoked by an unanimous vote of all the active PMC members other than
- the member in question.
- </p>
- <p>
- The chair of the PMC is appointed by the ASF board. The chair is an
- office holder of the Apache Software Foundation (Vice President,
- Apache Ant) and has primary responsibility to the board for the
- management of the projects within the scope of the Ant PMC. The chair
- reports to the board quarterly on developments within the Ant project.
- The PMC may consider the position of PMC chair annually and if
- supported by 2/3 Majority may recommend a new chair to the board.
- Ultimately, however, it is the board's responsibility who it chooses
- to appoint as the PMC chair.
- </p>
- <br/>
- <table class="nowrap" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
- <tr><td bgcolor="#294563"><font color="#ffffff"><a name="Decision Making"><strong>Decision Making</strong></a></font></td></tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- Within the Ant project, different types of decisions require different
- forms of approval. For example, the
- <a href="#Roles and Responsibilities">previous section</a> describes
- several decisions which require "lazy consensus" approval. This
- section defines how voting is performed, the types of approvals, and which
- types of decision require which type of approval.
- </p>
- <br/>
- <a name="Voting"></a>
- <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
- <tr><td bgcolor="#4C6C8F">
- <font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
- <strong>Voting</strong>
- </font>
- </td></tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- Decisions regarding the project are made by votes on the primary project
- development mailing list (ant-dev@jakarta.apache.org). Where necessary,
- PMC voting may take place on the private Ant PMC mailing list.
- Votes are clearly indicated by subject line starting with [VOTE] or
- [PMC-VOTE]. Votes may contain multiple items for approval and these
- should be clearly separated. Voting is carried out by replying to the
- vote mail. Voting may take four flavours
- </p>
- <table class="ForrestTable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="4">
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>+1</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- "Yes," "Agree," or "the action should be
- performed." In general, this vote also indicates a willingness
- on the behalf of the voter in "making it happen"
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>+0</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- This vote indicates a willingness for the action under
- consideration to go ahead. The voter, however will not be able
- to help.
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>-0</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- This vote indicates that the voter does not, in general, agree with
- the proposed action but is not concerned enough to prevent the
- action going ahead.
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>-1</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- This is a negative vote. On issues where consensus is required,
- this vote counts as a <strong>veto</strong>. All vetoes must
- contain an explanation of why the veto is appropriate. Vetoes with
- no explanation are void. It may also be appropriate for a -1 vote
- to include an alternative course of action.
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- All participants in the Ant project are encouraged to show their
- agreement with or against a particular action by voting. For technical
- decisions, only the votes of active committers are binding. Non binding
- votes are still useful for those with binding votes to understand the
- perception of an action in the wider Ant community. For PMC decisions,
- only the votes of PMC members are binding.
- </p>
- <p>
- Voting can also be applied to changes made to the Ant codebase. These
- typically take the form of a veto (-1) in reply to the commit message
- sent when the commit is made.
- </p>
- <br/>
- <a name="Approvals"></a>
- <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
- <tr><td bgcolor="#4C6C8F">
- <font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
- <strong>Approvals</strong>
- </font>
- </td></tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- These are the types of approvals that can be sought. Different actions
- require different types of approvals
- </p>
- <table class="ForrestTable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="4">
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>Consensus</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- For this to pass, all voters with binding votes must vote and there
- can be no binding vetoes (-1). Consensus votes are rarely required
- due to the impracticality of getting all eligible voters to cast a
- vote.
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>Lazy Consensus</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Lazy consensus requires 3 binding +1 votes and no binding vetoes.
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>Lazy Majority</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- A lazy majority vote requires 3 binding +1 votes and more binding +1
- votes that -1 votes.
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>Lazy Approval</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- An action with lazy approval is implicitly allowed unless a -1 vote
- is received, at which time, depending on the type of action, either
- lazy majority or lazy consensus approval must be obtained.
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>2/3 Majority</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Some actions require a 2/3 majority of active committers or PMC
- members to pass. Such actions typically affect the foundation
- of the project (e.g. adopting a new codebase to replace an existing
- product). The higher threshold is designed to ensure such changes
- are strongly supported. To pass this vote requires at least 2/3 of
- binding vote holders to vote +1
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- <br/>
- <a name="Vetoes"></a>
- <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
- <tr><td bgcolor="#4C6C8F">
- <font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
- <strong>Vetoes</strong>
- </font>
- </td></tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- A valid, binding veto cannot be overruled. If a veto is cast, it must be
- accompanied by a valid reason explaining the reasons for the veto. The
- validity of a veto, if challenged, can be confirmed by anyone who has
- a binding vote. This does not necessarily signify agreement with the
- veto - merely that the veto is valid.
- </p>
- <p>
- If you disagree with a valid veto, you must lobby the person casting
- the veto to withdraw their veto. If a veto is not withdrawn, the action
- that has been vetoed must be reversed in a timely manner.
- </p>
- <br/>
- <a name="Actions"></a>
- <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
- <tr><td bgcolor="#4C6C8F">
- <font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
- <strong>Actions</strong>
- </font>
- </td></tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- This section describes the various actions which are undertaken within
- the project, the corresponding approval required for that action and
- those who have binding votes over the action.
- </p>
- <table class="ForrestTable" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="4">
- <tr>
- <th colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- Action
- </th>
- <th colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- Description
- </th>
- <th colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- Approval
- </th>
- <th colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- Binding Votes
- </th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>Code Change</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- A change made to a codebase of the project and committed
- by a committer. This includes source code, documentation, website
- content, etc.
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Lazy approval and then lazy consensus.
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Active committers.
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>Release Plan</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Defines the timetable and actions for a release. The plan also
- nominates a Release Manager.
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Lazy majority
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Active committers
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>Product Release</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- When a release of one of the project's products is ready, a vote is
- required to accept the release as an official release of the
- project.
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Lazy Majority
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Active PMC members
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>Adoption of New Codebase</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- <p>
- When the codebase for an existing, released product is to be
- replaced with an alternative codebase. If such a vote fails to
- gain approval, the existing code base will continue.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- This also covers the creation of new sub-projects
- within the project
- </p>
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- 2/3 majority
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Active committers
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>New Committer</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- When a new committer is proposed for the project
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Lazy consensus
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Active PMC members
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>New PMC Member</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- When a committer is proposed for the PMC
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Lazy consensus
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Active PMC members
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>Committer Removal</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- <p>When removal of commit privileges is sought.</p>
- <p><b>Note: </b> Such actions will also be referred to the ASF
- board by the PMC chair</p>
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Consensus
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Active PMC members (excluding the committer in question if a
- member of the PMC).
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
- <strong>PMC Member Removal</strong>
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- <p>When removal of a PMC member is sought.</p>
- <p><b>Note: </b> Such actions will also be referred to the
- ASF board by the PMC chair</p>
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Consensus
-
- </td>
- <td colspan="1" rowspan="1"
- valign="top" align="left">
-
- Active PMC members (excluding the member in question).
-
- </td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- <br/>
- <a name="Voting Timeframes"></a>
- <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%">
- <tr><td bgcolor="#4C6C8F">
- <font color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
- <strong>Voting Timeframes</strong>
- </font>
- </td></tr>
- </table>
- <p>
- Votes are open for a period of 1 week to allow all active voters
- time to consider the vote. Votes relating to code changes are not
- subject to a strict timetable but should be made as timely as possible.
- </p>
-
-
- </div>
- </td><td width="10"><img width="10" height="4" alt="" src="images/spacer.gif"></td>
- </tr>
- </table>
- </td>
- </tr>
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- <tr>
- <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#CFDCED" class="copyright" align="center"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif">Copyright ©
- 2000-2003 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript"><!--
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