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<h2 id="war">War</h2>
<h3>Description</h3>
<p>An extension of the <a href="jar.html">Jar</a> task with special treatment for files that should
end up in the <samp>WEB-INF/lib</samp>, <samp>WEB-INF/classes</samp> or <samp>WEB-INF</samp>
directories of the Web Application Archive.</p>

<p>(The <code>War</code> task is a shortcut for specifying the particular layout of a WAR file.  The
same thing can be accomplished by using the <var>prefix</var> and <var>fullpath</var> attributes
of <code>zipfileset</code>s in a <code>Zip</code> or <code>Jar</code> task.)</p>
<p>The extended <code>zipfileset</code> element from the <code>zip</code> task (with
attributes <var>prefix</var>, <var>fullpath</var>, and <var>src</var>) is available in
the <code>War</code> task. The task is also resource-enabled and will add nested resources and
resource collections to the archive.</p>

<p>Before Servlet API 2.5/Java EE 5, a <samp>WEB-INF/web.xml</samp> file was mandatory in a WAR
file, so this task failed if the <var>webxml</var> attribute was missing.  As
the <samp>web.xml</samp> file is now optional, the <var>webxml</var> attribute may now be made
optional. However, as most real web applications do need a <samp>web.xml</samp> file, it is not
optional by default. The task will fail if the file is not included, unless
the <var>needxmlfile</var> attribute is set to <q>false</q>. The task will warn if more than
one <samp>web.xml</samp> file is added to the JAR through the filesets.</p>

<p><strong>Please note that the Zip format allows multiple files of the same fully-qualified name to
exist within a single archive.  This has been documented as causing various problems for
unsuspecting users.  If you wish to avoid this behavior you must set the <var>duplicate</var>
attribute to a value other than its default, <q>add</q>.</strong></p>

<h3>Parameters</h3>
<table class="attr">
  <tr>
    <th>Attribute</th>
    <th>Description</th>
    <th>Required</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>destfile</td>
    <td>the WAR file to create.</td>
    <td rowspan="2">Exactly one of the two</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>warfile</td>
    <td class="left"><em><u>Deprecated</u></em> name of the file to
      create&mdash;use <var>destfile</var> instead.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>webxml</td>
    <td>The servlet configuration descriptor to use (<samp>WEB-INF/web.xml</samp>).</td>
    <td>Yes, unless <var>needxmlfile</var> is <q>true</q>, the file is pulled in via a nested
      fileset, or an existing WAR file is being updated.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>needxmlfile</td>
    <td>Flag to indicate whether or not the <samp>web.xml</samp> file is needed.  It should be set
      to <q>false</q> when generating servlet 2.5+ WAR files without a <samp>web.xml</samp>
      file.  <em>Since Apache Ant 1.7</em></td>
    <td>No; default is <q>true</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>basedir</td>
    <td>the directory from which to jar the files.</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>compress</td>
    <td>Not only store data but also compress them.  Unless you set the <var>keepcompression</var>
      attribute to <q>false</q>, this will apply to the entire archive, not only the files you've
      added while updating.</td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>true</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>keepcompression</td>
    <td>For entries coming from existing archives (like nested <var>zipfileset</var>s or while
      updating the archive), keep the compression as it has been originally instead of using
      the <var>compress</var> attribute. <em>Since Ant 1.6</em></td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>false</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>encoding</td>
    <td>The character encoding to use for filenames inside the archive. <strong>It is not
      recommended to change this value as the created archive will most likely be unreadable for
      Java otherwise.</strong>  <br/>See also the <a href="zip.html#encoding">discussion in the zip
      task page</a></td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>UTF8</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>filesonly</td>
    <td>Store only file entries</td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>false</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>includes</td>
    <td>Comma- or space-separated list of patterns of files that must be included.</td>
    <td>No; defaults to all (<q>**</q>)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>includesfile</td>
    <td>Name of a file. Each line of this file is taken to be an include pattern</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>excludes</td>
    <td>Comma- or space-separated list of patterns of files that must be excluded.</td>
    <td>No; defaults to default excludes or none if <var>defaultexcludes</var> is <q>no</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>excludesfile</td>
    <td>Name of a file. Each line of this file is taken to be an exclude pattern</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>defaultexcludes</td>
    <td>Indicates whether default excludes should be used or not (<q>yes|no</q>).</td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>yes</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>manifest</td>
    <td>the manifest file to use.</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>filesetmanifest</td>
    <td>behavior when a manifest is found in a <code>zipfileset</code>
      or <code>zipgroupfileset</code> file.  Valid values are <q>skip</q>, <q>merge</q>,
      and <q>mergewithoutmain</q>.  <q>merge</q> will merge all of the manifests together, and merge
      this into any other specified manifests.  <q>mergewithoutmain</q> merges everything but the
      Main section of the manifests.
    </td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>skip</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>whenmanifestonly</td>
    <td>behavior when no files match.  Valid values are <q>fail</q>, <q>skip</q>,
      and <q>create</q>.</td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>create</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>update</td>
    <td>indicates whether to update or overwrite the destination file if it already exists.</td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>false</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>duplicate</td>
    <td>behavior when a duplicate file is found.  Valid values are <q>add</q>, <q>preserve</q>,
      and <q>fail</q>.</td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>add</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>roundup</td>
    <td>Whether the file modification times will be rounded up to the next even number of
      seconds.<br/>Zip archives store file modification times with a granularity of 2 seconds, so
      the times will either be rounded up or down.  If you round down, the archive will always seem
      out-of-date when you rerun the task, so the default is to round up.  Rounding up may lead to a
      different type of problems like JSPs inside a web archive that seem to be slightly more recent
      than precompiled pages, rendering precompilation useless. <em>Since Ant 1.6.2</em></td>
    <td>No; defaults to <q>true</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>level</td>
    <td>Non-default level at which file compression should be performed. Valid values range
      from <q>0</q> (no compression/fastest) to <q>9</q> (maximum compression/slowest). <em>Since
      Ant 1.7</em></td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>preserve0permissions</td>
    <td>when updating an archive or adding entries from a different archive Ant will assume that a
      Unix permissions value of 0 (nobody is allowed to do anything to the file/directory) means
      that the permissions haven't been stored at all rather than real permissions and will instead
      apply its own default values.<br/>  Set this attribute to <q>true</q> if you really want to
      preserve the original permission field. <em>since Ant 1.8.0</em></td>
    <td>No; default is <q>false</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>useLanguageEncodingFlag</td>
    <td>Whether to set the language encoding flag if the encoding is UTF-8.  This setting doesn't
      have any effect if the encoding is not UTF-8. <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.  <br/>See also
      the <a href="zip.html#encoding">discussion in the zip task page</a></td>
    <td>No; default is <q>true</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>createUnicodeExtraFields</td>
    <td>Whether to create Unicode extra fields to store the file names a second time inside the
      entry's metadata.<br/>Possible values are <q>never</q>, <q>always</q>
      and <q>not-encodeable</q> which will only add Unicode extra fields if the file name cannot be
      encoded using the specified encoding. <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.<br/>See also
      the <a href="zip.html#encoding">discussion in the zip task page</a></td>
    <td>No; default is <q>never</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>fallbacktoUTF8</td>
    <td>Whether to use UTF-8 and the language encoding flag instead of the specified encoding if a
      file name cannot be encoded using the specified encoding. <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.<br/>See
      also the <a href="zip.html#encoding">discussion in the zip task page</a></td>
    <td>No; default is <q>false</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>mergeClassPathAttributes</td>
    <td>Whether to merge the <code>Class-Path</code> attributes found in different manifests (if
      merging manifests).  If <q>false</q>, only the attribute of the last merged manifest will be
      preserved.  <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.<br/>Unless you also set <var>flattenAttributes</var>
      to <q>true</q> this may result in manifests containing multiple <code>Class-Path</code>
      attributes which violates the manifest specification.</td>
    <td>No; default is false</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>flattenAttributes</td>
    <td>Whether to merge attributes occurring more than once in a section (this can only happen for
      the <code>Class-Path</code> attribute) into a single attribute. <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.</td>
    <td>No; default is <q>false</q></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>zip64Mode</td>
    <td>When to use Zip64 extensions for entries.  The possible values
      are <q>never</q>, <q>always</q> and <q>as-needed</q>.  <em>Since Ant 1.9.1</em>.<br/>See also
      the <a href="zip.html#zip64">discussion in the zip task page</a></td>
    <td>No; default is <q>never</q></td>
  </tr>
</table>

<h3>Parameters specified as nested elements</h3>

<h4>lib</h4>
<p>The nested <code>lib</code> element specifies a <a href="../Types/fileset.html">FileSet</a>. All
files included in this fileset will end up in the <samp>WEB-INF/lib</samp> directory of the war
file.</p>

<h4>classes</h4>
<p>The nested <code>classes</code> element specifies
a <a href="../Types/fileset.html">FileSet</a>. All files included in this fileset will end up in
the <samp>WEB-INF/classes</samp> directory of the war file.</p>

<h4>webinf</h4>
<p>The nested <code>webinf</code> element specifies
a <a href="../Types/fileset.html">FileSet</a>. All files included in this fileset will end up in
the <samp>WEB-INF</samp> directory of the war file. If this fileset includes a file
named <samp>web.xml</samp>, the file is ignored and you will get a warning.</p>

<h4>metainf</h4>
<p>The nested <code>metainf</code> element specifies
a <a href="../Types/fileset.html">FileSet</a>. All files included in this fileset will end up in
the <samp>META-INF</samp> directory of the war file. If this fileset includes a file
named <samp>MANIFEST.MF</samp>, the file is ignored and you will get a warning.</p>

<h4>manifest, indexjars, service</h4>
These are inherited from <a href="jar.html">&lt;jar&gt;</a>

<h3>Examples</h3>

<p>Assume the following structure in the project's base directory:</p>
<pre>
thirdparty/libs/jdbc1.jar
thirdparty/libs/jdbc2.jar
build/main/com/myco/myapp/Servlet.class
src/metadata/myapp.xml
src/html/myapp/index.html
src/jsp/myapp/front.jsp
src/graphics/images/gifs/small/logo.gif
src/graphics/images/gifs/large/logo.gif</pre>
then the war file <samp>myapp.war</samp> created with
<pre>
&lt;war destfile=&quot;myapp.war&quot; webxml=&quot;src/metadata/myapp.xml&quot;&gt;
  &lt;fileset dir=&quot;src/html/myapp&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;fileset dir=&quot;src/jsp/myapp&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;lib dir=&quot;thirdparty/libs&quot;&gt;
    &lt;exclude name=&quot;jdbc1.jar&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;/lib&gt;
  &lt;classes dir=&quot;build/main&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;zipfileset dir=&quot;src/graphics/images/gifs&quot;
              prefix=&quot;images&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/war&gt;</pre>
<p>will consist of</p>
<pre>
WEB-INF/web.xml
WEB-INF/lib/jdbc2.jar
WEB-INF/classes/com/myco/myapp/Servlet.class
META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
index.html
front.jsp
images/small/logo.gif
images/large/logo.gif</pre>
using Ant's default manifest file. The content of
<samp>WEB-INF/web.xml</samp> is identical to
<samp>src/metadata/myapp.xml</samp>.

<p>We regularly receive bug reports that this task is creating the <samp>WEB-INF</samp> directory
as <samp>web-inf</samp> (all lower case), and thus it is our fault your webapp doesn't work. The
cause of these complaints lies in WinZip, which turns an all upper-case directory into an all
lower-case one in a fit of helpfulness. Please check that <code>jar xvf yourwebapp.war</code> shows
the same behaviour before filing another report.<br/>WinZip has an option allowing all uppercase
names (which is off by default!).  It can be enabled by: Menu <q>Options</q>
&rarr; <q>Configuration</q>, <q>View</q> property/tab page, then <q>General</q> group box has an
option called <q>Allow all uppercase file names</q>.</p>

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