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  15. <html>
  16. <head>
  17. <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
  18. <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../stylesheets/style.css">
  19. <title>Jar Task</title>
  20. </head>
  21. <body>
  22. <h2><a name="jar">Jar</a></h2>
  23. <h3>Description</h3>
  24. <p>Jars a set of files.</p>
  25. <p>The <i>basedir</i> attribute is the reference directory from where to jar.</p>
  26. <p>Note that file permissions will not be stored in the resulting jarfile.</p>
  27. <p>It is possible to refine the set of files that are being jarred. This can be
  28. done with the <i>includes</i>, <i>includesfile</i>, <i>excludes</i>, <i>excludesfile</i> and <i>defaultexcludes</i>
  29. attributes. With the <i>includes</i> or <i>includesfile</i> attribute you specify the files you want to
  30. have included by using patterns. The <i>exclude</i> or <i>excludesfile</i> attribute is used to specify
  31. the files you want to have excluded. This is also done with patterns. And
  32. finally with the <i>defaultexcludes</i> attribute, you can specify whether you
  33. want to use default exclusions or not. See the section on <a
  34. href="../dirtasks.html#directorybasedtasks">directory based tasks</a>, on how the
  35. inclusion/exclusion of files works, and how to write patterns.</p>
  36. <p>This task forms an implicit <a href="../CoreTypes/fileset.html">FileSet</a> and
  37. supports most attributes of <code>&lt;fileset&gt;</code>
  38. (<code>dir</code> becomes <code>basedir</code>) as well as the nested
  39. <code>&lt;include&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;exclude&gt;</code> and
  40. <code>&lt;patternset&gt;</code> elements.</p>
  41. <p>You can also use nested file sets for more flexibility, and specify
  42. multiple ones to merge together different trees of files into one JAR.
  43. The extended fileset and groupfileset child elements from the zip task are
  44. also available in the jar task.
  45. See the <a href="zip.html">Zip</a> task for more details and examples.</p>
  46. <p>If the manifest is omitted, a simple one will be supplied by Ant.</p>
  47. <p>The <code>update</code> parameter controls what happens if the JAR
  48. file already exists. When set to <code>yes</code>, the JAR file is
  49. updated with the files specified. When set to <code>no</code> (the
  50. default) the JAR file is overwritten. An example use of this is
  51. provided in the <a href="zip.html">Zip task documentation</a>. Please
  52. note that ZIP files store file modification times with a granularity
  53. of two seconds. If a file is less than two seconds newer than the
  54. entry in the archive, Ant will not consider it newer.</p>
  55. <p>The <code>whenmanifestonly</code> parameter controls what happens when no
  56. files, apart from the manifest file, or nested services, match.
  57. If <code>skip</code>, the JAR is not created and a warning is issued.
  58. If <code>fail</code>, the JAR is not created and the build is halted with an error.
  59. If <code>create</code>, (default) an empty JAR file (only containing a manifest and services)
  60. is created.</p>
  61. <p>(The Jar task is a shortcut for specifying the manifest file of a JAR file.
  62. The same thing can be accomplished by using the <i>fullpath</i>
  63. attribute of a zipfileset in a Zip task. The one difference is that if the
  64. <i>manifest</i> attribute is not specified, the Jar task will
  65. include an empty one for you.)</p>
  66. <p>Manifests are processed by the Jar task according to the
  67. <a target="_blank" href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/jar/jar.html">Jar file specification.</a>
  68. Note in particular that this may result in manifest lines greater than 72 bytes
  69. being wrapped and continued on the next line.</p>
  70. <p>The Jar task checks whether you specified package information according to the
  71. <a target="_blank" href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/versioning/spec/VersioningSpecification.html#PackageVersioning">
  72. versioning specification</a>.</p>
  73. <p><b>Please note that the zip format allows multiple files of the same
  74. fully-qualified name to exist within a single archive. This has been
  75. documented as causing various problems for unsuspecting users. If you wish
  76. to avoid this behavior you must set the <code>duplicate</code> attribute
  77. to a value other than its default, <code>"add"</code>.</b></p>
  78. <h3>Parameters</h3>
  79. <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
  80. <tr>
  81. <td valign="top"><b>Attribute</b></td>
  82. <td valign="top"><b>Description</b></td>
  83. <td align="center" valign="top"><b>Required</b></td>
  84. </tr>
  85. <tr>
  86. <td valign="top">destfile</td>
  87. <td valign="top">the JAR file to create.</td>
  88. <td valign="top" align="center">Yes</td>
  89. </tr>
  90. <tr>
  91. <td valign="top">basedir</td>
  92. <td valign="top">the directory from which to jar the files.</td>
  93. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  94. </tr>
  95. <tr>
  96. <td valign="top">compress</td>
  97. <td valign="top">Not only store data but also compress them,
  98. defaults to true. Unless you set the <em>keepcompression</em>
  99. attribute to false, this will apply to the entire archive, not
  100. only the files you've added while updating.</td>
  101. <td align="center" valign="top">No</td>
  102. </tr>
  103. <tr>
  104. <td valign="top">keepcompression</td>
  105. <td valign="top">For entries coming from existing archives (like
  106. nested <em>zipfileset</em>s or while updating the archive), keep
  107. the compression as it has been originally instead of using the
  108. <em>compress</em> attribute. Defaults false. <em>Since Ant
  109. 1.6</em></td>
  110. <td align="center" valign="top">No</td>
  111. </tr>
  112. <tr>
  113. <td valign="top">encoding</td>
  114. <td valign="top">The character encoding to use for filenames
  115. inside the archive. Defaults to UTF8. <strong>It is not
  116. recommended to change this value as the created archive will
  117. most likely be unreadable for Java otherwise.</strong>
  118. <br/>See also the <a href="zip.html#encoding">discussion in the
  119. zip task page</a></td>
  120. <td align="center" valign="top">No</td>
  121. </tr>
  122. <tr>
  123. <td valign="top">filesonly</td>
  124. <td valign="top">Store only file entries, defaults to false</td>
  125. <td align="center" valign="top">No</td>
  126. </tr>
  127. <tr>
  128. <td valign="top">includes</td>
  129. <td valign="top">comma- or space-separated list of patterns of files that must be
  130. included. All files are included when omitted.</td>
  131. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  132. </tr>
  133. <tr>
  134. <td valign="top">includesfile</td>
  135. <td valign="top">the name of a file. Each line of this file is
  136. taken to be an include pattern</td>
  137. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  138. </tr>
  139. <tr>
  140. <td valign="top">excludes</td>
  141. <td valign="top">comma- or space-separated list of patterns of files that must be
  142. excluded. No files (except default excludes) are excluded when omitted.</td>
  143. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  144. </tr>
  145. <tr>
  146. <td valign="top">excludesfile</td>
  147. <td valign="top">the name of a file. Each line of this file is
  148. taken to be an exclude pattern</td>
  149. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  150. </tr>
  151. <tr>
  152. <td valign="top">defaultexcludes</td>
  153. <td valign="top">indicates whether default excludes should be used or not
  154. (&quot;yes&quot;/&quot;no&quot;). Default excludes are used when omitted.</td>
  155. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  156. </tr>
  157. <tr>
  158. <td valign="top">manifest</td>
  159. <td valign="top">the manifest file to use. This can be either the location of a manifest, or the name of a jar added through a fileset. If its the name of an added jar, the task expects the manifest to be in the jar at META-INF/MANIFEST.MF</td>
  160. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  161. </tr>
  162. <tr>
  163. <td valign="top">filesetmanifest</td>
  164. <td valign="top">behavior when a Manifest is found in a zipfileset or zipgroupfileset file is found. Valid values are &quot;skip&quot;, &quot;merge&quot;, and &quot;mergewithoutmain&quot;. &quot;merge&quot; will merge all of the manifests together, and merge this into any other specified manifests. &quot;mergewithoutmain&quot; merges everything but the Main section of the manifests. Default value is &quot;skip&quot;.
  165. </td>
  166. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  167. </tr>
  168. <tr>
  169. <td valign="top">update</td>
  170. <td valign="top">indicates whether to update or overwrite
  171. the destination file if it already exists. Default is &quot;false&quot;.</td>
  172. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  173. </tr>
  174. <tr>
  175. <td valign="top">whenmanifestonly</td>
  176. <td valign="top">behavior when no files match. Valid values are &quot;fail&quot;, &quot;skip&quot;, and &quot;create&quot;. Default is &quot;create&quot;.</td>
  177. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  178. </tr>
  179. <tr>
  180. <td valign="top">duplicate</td>
  181. <td valign="top">behavior when a duplicate file is found. Valid values are &quot;add&quot;, &quot;preserve&quot;, and &quot;fail&quot;. The default value is &quot;add&quot;. </td>
  182. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  183. </tr>
  184. <tr>
  185. <td valign="top">index</td>
  186. <td valign="top">whether to create an <A
  187. HREF="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/jar/jar.html#JAR%20Index">index
  188. list</A> to speed up classloading. This is a JDK 1.3+ specific
  189. feature. Unless you specify additional jars with nested <a
  190. href="#indexjars"><code>indexjars</code></a> elements, only the
  191. contents of this jar will be included in the index. Defaults to
  192. false.</td>
  193. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  194. </tr>
  195. <tr>
  196. <td valign="top">indexMetaInf</td>
  197. <td valign="top">whether to include META-INF and its children in
  198. the index. Doesn't have any effect if <em>index</em> is
  199. false.<br/>
  200. Sun's jar implementation used to skip the META-INF directory and
  201. Ant followed that example. The behavior has been changed with
  202. <a href="http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=4408526">Java
  203. 5</a>. In order to avoid problems with Ant generated jars on
  204. Java 1.4 or earlier Ant will not include META-INF unless
  205. explicitly asked to.<br/>
  206. <em>Ant 1.8.0</em> - Defaults to false.</td>
  207. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  208. </tr>
  209. <tr>
  210. <td valign="top">manifestencoding</td>
  211. <td valign="top">The encoding used to read the JAR manifest, when
  212. a manifest file is specified. The task will always use UTF-8
  213. when writing the manifest.</td>
  214. <td valign="top" align="center">No, defaults to the platform encoding.</td>
  215. </tr>
  216. <tr>
  217. <td valign="top">roundup</td>
  218. <td valign="top">Whether the file modification times will be
  219. rounded up to the next even number of seconds.<br>
  220. Zip archives store file modification times with a granularity of
  221. two seconds, so the times will either be rounded up or down. If
  222. you round down, the archive will always seem out-of-date when you
  223. rerun the task, so the default is to round up. Rounding up may
  224. lead to a different type of problems like JSPs inside a web
  225. archive that seem to be slightly more recent than precompiled
  226. pages, rendering precompilation useless.<br>
  227. Defaults to true. <em>Since Ant 1.6.2</em></td>
  228. <td align="center" valign="top">No</td>
  229. </tr>
  230. <tr>
  231. <td valign="top">level</td>
  232. <td valign="top">Non-default level at which file compression should be
  233. performed. Valid values range from 0 (no compression/fastest) to 9
  234. (maximum compression/slowest). <em>Since Ant 1.7</em></td>
  235. <td valign="top" align="center">No</td>
  236. </tr>
  237. <tr>
  238. <td valign="top">strict</td>
  239. <td valign="top">Configures how to handle breaks of the packaging version
  240. specification: <ul>
  241. <li><b>fail</b> = throws a BuildException</li>
  242. <li><b>warn</b> = logs a message on warn level</li>
  243. <li><b>ignore</b> = logs a message on verbose level (default)</li>
  244. </ul>
  245. <em>Since Ant 1.7.1</em></td>
  246. <td valign="top" align="center">No, defaults to <tt>ignore</tt>. </td>
  247. </tr>
  248. <tr>
  249. <td valign="top">preserve0permissions</td>
  250. <td valign="top">when updating an archive or adding entries from a
  251. different archive Ant will assume that a Unix permissions value of
  252. 0 (nobody is allowed to do anything to the file/directory) means
  253. that the permissions haven't been stored at all rather than real
  254. permissions and will instead apply its own default values.<br/>
  255. Set this attribute to true if you really want to preserve the
  256. original permission field.<em>since Ant 1.8.0</em>
  257. </td>
  258. <td valign="top" align="center">No, default is false</td>
  259. </tr>
  260. <tr>
  261. <td valign="top">useLanguageEncodingFlag</td>
  262. <td valign="top">Whether to set the language encoding flag if the
  263. encoding is UTF-8. This setting doesn't have any effect if the
  264. encoding is not UTF-8.
  265. <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.
  266. <br/>See also the <a href="zip.html#encoding">discussion in the
  267. zip task page</a></td>
  268. <td valign="top" align="center">No, default is true</td>
  269. </tr>
  270. <tr>
  271. <td valign="top">createUnicodeExtraFields</td>
  272. <td valign="top">Whether to create unicode extra fields to store
  273. the file names a second time inside the entry's metadata.
  274. <br>Possible values are "never", "always" and "not-encodable"
  275. which will only add Unicode extra fields if the file name cannot
  276. be encoded using the specified encoding.
  277. <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.
  278. <br/>See also the <a href="zip.html#encoding">discussion in the
  279. zip task page</a></td>
  280. <td align="center" valign="top">No, default is "never"</td>
  281. </tr>
  282. <tr>
  283. <td valign="top">fallbacktoUTF8</td>
  284. <td valign="top">Whether to use UTF-8 and the language encoding
  285. flag instead of the specified encoding if a file name cannot be
  286. encoded using the specified encoding.
  287. <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.
  288. <br/>See also the <a href="zip.html#encoding">discussion in the
  289. zip task page</a></td>
  290. <td align="center" valign="top">No, default is false</td>
  291. </tr>
  292. <tr>
  293. <td valign="top">mergeClassPathAttributes</td>
  294. <td valign="top">Whether to merge the Class-Path attributes found
  295. in different manifests (if merging manifests). If false, only
  296. the attribute of the last merged manifest will be preserved.
  297. <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.
  298. <br/>unless you also set flattenAttributes to true this may
  299. result in manifests containing multiple Class-Path attributes
  300. which violates the manifest specification.</td>
  301. <td align="center" valign="top">No, default is false</td>
  302. </tr>
  303. <tr>
  304. <td valign="top">flattenAttributes</td>
  305. <td valign="top">Whether to merge attributes occuring more than
  306. once in a section (this can only happen for the Class-Path
  307. attribute) into a single attribute.
  308. <em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em>.</td>
  309. <td align="center" valign="top">No, default is false</td>
  310. </tr>
  311. </table>
  312. <h3>Nested elements</h3>
  313. <h4>metainf</h4>
  314. <p>The nested <code>metainf</code> element specifies a <a
  315. href="../CoreTypes/fileset.html">FileSet</a>. All files included in this fileset will
  316. end up in the <code>META-INF</code> directory of the jar file. If this
  317. fileset includes a file named <code>MANIFEST.MF</code>, the file is
  318. ignored and you will get a warning.</p>
  319. <h4>manifest</h4>
  320. <p>The manifest nested element allows the manifest for the Jar file to
  321. be provided inline in the build file rather than in an external
  322. file. This element is identical to the
  323. <a href="manifest.html">manifest</a> task, but the file and mode
  324. attributes must be omitted.</p>
  325. <p>
  326. If both an inline manifest and an external file are both specified, the
  327. manifests are merged.
  328. </p>
  329. <p>When using inline manifests, the Jar task will check whether the manifest
  330. contents have changed (i.e. the manifest as specified is different in any way
  331. from the manifest that exists in the Jar, if it exists.
  332. If the manifest values have changed the jar will be updated or rebuilt, as
  333. appropriate.
  334. </p>
  335. <a name="indexjars"><h4>indexjars</h4></a>
  336. <p><em>since ant 1.6.2</em></p>
  337. <p>The nested <code>indexjars</code> element specifies a <a
  338. href="../using.html#path">PATH like structure</a>. Its content is
  339. completely ignored unless you set the index attribute of the task to
  340. true.</p>
  341. <p>The index created by this task will contain indices for the
  342. archives contained in this path, the names used for the archives
  343. depend on your manifest:</p>
  344. <ul>
  345. <li>If the generated jar's manifest contains no Class-Path
  346. attribute, the file name without any leading directory path will be
  347. used and all parts of the path will get indexed.</li>
  348. <li>If the manifest contains a Class-Path attribute, this task will
  349. try to guess which part of the Class-Path belongs to a given
  350. archive. If it cannot guess a name, the archive will be skipped,
  351. otherwise the name listed inside the Class-Path attribute will be
  352. used.</li>
  353. </ul>
  354. <p>This task will not create any index entries for archives that are
  355. empty or only contain files inside the META-INF directory unless
  356. the <code>indexmetainf</code> attribute has been set
  357. to <code>true</code>.</p>
  358. <a name="service"><h4>service</h4></a>
  359. <p><em>since ant 1.7.0</em></p>
  360. <p>
  361. The nested <code>service</code> element specifies a service.
  362. Services are described by
  363. <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/jar/jar.html#Service%20Provider">http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/jar/jar.html#Service%20Provider</a>.
  364. The approach is to have providers JARs include files named by the service
  365. provided, for example,
  366. META-INF/services/javax.script.ScriptEngineFactory
  367. which can include implementation class names, one per line (usually just one per JAR).
  368. The name of the
  369. service is set by the "type" attribute. The classname implementing
  370. the service is the the "provider" attribute, or it one wants to
  371. specify a number of classes that implement the service, by
  372. "provider" nested elements.
  373. </p>
  374. <p>
  375. <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
  376. <tr>
  377. <td valign="top"><b>Attribute</b></td>
  378. <td valign="top"><b>Description</b></td>
  379. <td align="center" valign="top"><b>Required</b></td>
  380. </tr>
  381. <tr>
  382. <td valign="top">type</td>
  383. <td valign="top">The name of the service.</td>
  384. <td valign="top" align="center">Yes</td>
  385. </tr>
  386. <tr>
  387. <td valign="top">provider</td>
  388. <td valign="top">
  389. The classname of the class implemening the service.
  390. </td>
  391. <td valign="top" align="center">Yes, unless there is a nested
  392. <code>&lt;provider&gt;</code> element.</td>
  393. </tr>
  394. </table>
  395. <p>
  396. The provider classname is specified either by the "provider" attribute, or
  397. by a nested &lt;provider&gt; element, which has a single "classname" attribute.
  398. If a JAR file has more that one implementation of the service, a number of
  399. nested &lt;provider&gt; elements may be used.
  400. </p>
  401. <h3>Examples</h3>
  402. <pre> &lt;jar destfile=&quot;${dist}/lib/app.jar&quot; basedir=&quot;${build}/classes&quot;/&gt;</pre>
  403. <p>jars all files in the <code>${build}/classes</code> directory into a file
  404. called <code>app.jar</code> in the <code>${dist}/lib</code> directory.</p>
  405. <pre> &lt;jar destfile=&quot;${dist}/lib/app.jar&quot;
  406. basedir=&quot;${build}/classes&quot;
  407. excludes=&quot;**/Test.class&quot;
  408. /&gt;</pre>
  409. <p>jars all files in the <code>${build}/classes</code> directory into a file
  410. called <code>app.jar</code> in the <code>${dist}/lib</code> directory. Files
  411. with the name <code>Test.class</code> are excluded.</p>
  412. <pre> &lt;jar destfile=&quot;${dist}/lib/app.jar&quot;
  413. basedir=&quot;${build}/classes&quot;
  414. includes=&quot;mypackage/test/**&quot;
  415. excludes=&quot;**/Test.class&quot;
  416. /&gt;</pre>
  417. <p>jars all files in the <code>${build}/classes</code> directory into a file
  418. called <code>app.jar</code> in the <code>${dist}/lib</code> directory. Only
  419. files under the directory <code>mypackage/test</code> are used, and files with
  420. the name <code>Test.class</code> are excluded.</p>
  421. <pre> &lt;jar destfile=&quot;${dist}/lib/app.jar&quot;&gt;
  422. &lt;fileset dir=&quot;${build}/classes&quot;
  423. excludes=&quot;**/Test.class&quot;
  424. /&gt;
  425. &lt;fileset dir=&quot;${src}/resources&quot;/&gt;
  426. &lt;/jar&gt;</pre>
  427. <p>jars all files in the <code>${build}/classes</code> directory and also
  428. in the <code>${src}/resources</code> directory together into a file
  429. called <code>app.jar</code> in the <code>${dist}/lib</code> directory.
  430. Files with the name <code>Test.class</code> are excluded.
  431. If there are files such as <code>${build}/classes/mypackage/MyClass.class</code>
  432. and <code>${src}/resources/mypackage/image.gif</code>, they will appear
  433. in the same directory in the JAR (and thus be considered in the same package
  434. by Java).</p>
  435. <pre> &lt;jar destfile=&quot;test.jar&quot; basedir=&quot;.&quot;&gt;
  436. &lt;include name=&quot;build&quot;/&gt;
  437. &lt;manifest&gt;
  438. &lt;!-- Who is building this jar? --&gt;
  439. &lt;attribute name=&quot;Built-By&quot; value=&quot;${user.name}&quot;/&gt;
  440. &lt;!-- Information about the program itself --&gt;
  441. &lt;attribute name=&quot;Implementation-Vendor&quot; value=&quot;ACME inc.&quot;/&gt;
  442. &lt;attribute name=&quot;Implementation-Title&quot; value=&quot;GreatProduct&quot;/&gt;
  443. &lt;attribute name=&quot;Implementation-Version&quot; value=&quot;1.0.0beta2&quot;/&gt;
  444. &lt;!-- details --&gt;
  445. &lt;section name=&quot;common/MyClass.class&quot;&gt;
  446. &lt;attribute name=&quot;Sealed&quot; value=&quot;false&quot;/&gt;
  447. &lt;/section&gt;
  448. &lt;/manifest&gt;
  449. &lt;/jar&gt;</pre>
  450. <p>
  451. This is an example of an inline manifest specification including the version of the build
  452. program (Implementation-Version). Note that the Built-By attribute will take the value of the Ant
  453. property ${user.name}. The manifest produced by the above would look like this:
  454. </p>
  455. <pre><code>Manifest-Version: 1.0
  456. Built-By: conor
  457. Implementation-Vendor: ACME inc.
  458. Implementation-Title: GreatProduct
  459. Implementation-Version: 1.0.0beta2
  460. Created-By: Apache Ant 1.7.0
  461. Name: common/MyClass.class
  462. Sealed: false</code></pre>
  463. <p>
  464. The following shows how to create a jar file specifing a service
  465. with an implementation of the JDK6 scripting interface:
  466. </p>
  467. <blockquote><pre>&lt;jar jarfile="pinky.jar"&gt;
  468. &lt;fileset dir="build/classes"/&gt;
  469. &lt;service type="javax.script.ScriptEngineFactory"
  470. provider="org.acme.PinkyLanguage"/&gt;
  471. &lt;/jar&gt;
  472. </pre></blockquote>
  473. <p>
  474. The following shows how to create a jar file specifing a service
  475. with two implementations of the JDK6 scripting interface:
  476. </p>
  477. <blockquote><pre>
  478. &lt;jar jarfile="pinkyandbrain.jar"&gt;
  479. &lt;fileset dir="classes"/&gt;
  480. &lt;service type="javax.script.ScriptEngineFactory"&gt;
  481. &lt;provider classname="org.acme.PinkyLanguage"/&gt;
  482. &lt;provider classname="org.acme.BrainLanguage"/&gt;
  483. &lt;/service&gt;
  484. &lt;/jar&gt;
  485. </pre></blockquote>
  486. </body>
  487. </html>