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<html>
<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../stylesheets/style.css">
    <title>JUnitLauncher Task</title>
</head>
<body>

<h2 id="junitlauncher">JUnitLauncher</h2>
<h3>Description</h3>

<p>
    This task allows tests to be launched and run using the JUnit 5 framework.
</p>
<p>
    JUnit 5 introduced a newer set of APIs to write and launch tests. It also introduced the concept
    of test engines. Test engines decide which classes are considered as testcases and how they are
    executed. JUnit 5 supports running tests that have been written using JUnit 4 constructs as well
    as tests that have been written using JUnit 5 constructs.  For more details about JUnit 5
    itself, please refer to the JUnit 5 project's documentation
    at <a href="https://junit.org/junit5/">https://junit.org/junit5/</a>.
</p>
<p>
    The goal of this <code>junitlauncher</code> task is to allow launching the JUnit 5 test launcher
    and building the test requests so that the selected tests can then be parsed and executed by the
    test engine(s) supported by JUnit 5. This task in itself does <i>not</i> understand what a test
    case is nor does it execute the tests itself.
</p>
<p>
    <strong>Note</strong>: This task depends on external libraries not included in the Apache Ant
    distribution. See <a href="../install.html#librarydependencies">Library Dependencies</a> for
    more information.
</p>
<p>
    <strong>Note</strong>: You must have the necessary JUnit 5 libraries in the classpath of the
    tests. At the time of writing this documentation, the list of JUnit 5 platform libraries that
    are necessary to run the tests are:
</p>

<ul id="junit-platform-libraries">
    <li>
        <samp>junit-platform-commons.jar</samp>
    </li>
    <li>
        <samp>junit-platform-engine.jar</samp>
    </li>
    <li>
        <samp>junit-platform-launcher.jar</samp>
    </li>
    <li>
        <samp>opentest4j.jar</samp>
    </li>
</ul>

<p>
    Depending on the test engine(s) that you want to use in your tests, you will further need the
    following libraries in the classpath
</p>

<p id="junit-vintage-engine-libraries">
    For <q>junit-vintage</q> engine:
</p>

<ul>
    <li>
        <samp>junit-vintage-engine.jar</samp>
    </li>
    <li>
        <samp>junit.jar</samp> (JUnit 4.x version)
    </li>
</ul>

<p id="junit-jupiter-engine-libraries">
    For <q>junit-jupiter</q> engine:
</p>

<ul>
    <li>
        <samp>junit-jupiter-api.jar</samp>
    </li>
    <li>
        <samp>junit-jupiter-engine.jar</samp>
    </li>
</ul>

<p>
    To have these in the test classpath, you can follow <em>either</em> of the following approaches:
</p>

<ul>
    <li>Put all these relevant jars along with the <samp>ant-junitlauncher.jar</samp>
        in <samp>ANT_HOME/lib</samp> directory</li>
    <li>OR Leave <samp>ant-junitlauncher.jar</samp> in the <samp>ANT_HOME/lib</samp> directory and
        include all other relevant jars in the classpath by passing them as a <kbd>-lib</kbd>
        option, while invoking Ant</li>
    <li>OR Use the nested <code>&lt;classpath&gt;</code> element to specify the location of the
        test engines. For more details about this approach, please read the
        <a href=#test-engine-in-classpath>using classpath element to include test engines</a> section.
</ul>

<p>
    Tests are defined by nested elements like <code>test</code>, <code>testclasses</code> tags
    (see <a href="#nested">nested elements</a>).
</p>

<h3>Parameters</h3>
<table class="attr">
    <tr>
        <th scope="col">Attribute</th>
        <th scope="col">Description</th>
        <th scope="col">Required</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>haltOnFailure</td>
        <td>A value of <q>true</q> implies that build has to stop if any failure occurs in any of
            the tests. JUnit 4+ classifies failures as both assertion failures as well as exceptions
            that get thrown during test execution. As such, this task too considers both these cases
            as failures and doesn't distinguish one from another.
        </td>
        <td>No; default is <q>false</q></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>failureProperty</td>
        <td>The name of a property to set in the event of a failure
            (exceptions in tests are considered failures as well).
        </td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>printSummary</td>
        <td>If the value is set to <code>true</code> then this task, upon completion of the test execution,
            prints the summary of the execution to <code>System.out</code>. The summary itself is generated
            by the JUnit 5 platform and not by this task.
        </td>
        <td>No; defaults to <code>false</code></td>
    </tr>
</table>

<h3 id="nested">Nested Elements</h3>

<h4>classpath</h4>
<p>
    The nested <code>&lt;classpath&gt;</code> element that represents
    a <a href="../using.html#path">PATH like structure</a> can be used to configure the task to use
    this classpath for finding and running the tests. This classpath will be used for:
</p>
<ul>
    <li>Finding the test classes to execute</li>
    <li>Finding test engines that run the tests</li>
</ul>
<p>
    If the <code>classpath</code> element isn't configured for the task, then the classpath of Ant
    itself will be used for finding the test classes.
</p>

<h5 id="test-engine-in-classpath">Using the classpath element to include test engines</h5>
<p>
    The <code>&lt;classpath&gt;</code> can be used to include the test engines that you want to be
    considered for execution of the tests.
</p>
<p>
    <strong>NOTE:</strong> An important aspect to remember is that
    whether or not you use this approach, the JUnit 5 platform libraries
    <a href="#junit-platform-libraries">listed earlier in this
    document</a> and the <code>ant-junitlauncher.jar</code>, <i>shouldn't</i> be part of this classpath
    and instead they must be included in Ant runtime's classpath either by placing them
    in <code>ANT_HOME/lib</code> or by passing the <code>-lib</code> option.
</p>
<p>
    Below is an example of setting up the classpath to include the Jupiter test engine during the
    execution of the tests. We assume that the JUnit 5 platform libraries and the
    <code>ant-junitlauncher.jar</code> have been setup as explained previously.
    <br/>
    <pre>
&lt;project&gt;

    &lt;property name="output.dir" value="${basedir}/build"/&gt;
    &lt;property name="src.test.dir" value="${basedir}/src/test"/&gt;
    &lt;property name="build.classes.dir" value="${output.dir}/classes"/&gt;

    &lt;target name="init"&gt;
        &lt;mkdir dir="${output.dir}"/&gt;
    &lt;/target&gt;

    &lt;path id="junit.engine.jupiter.classpath"&gt;
        &lt;fileset dir="${basedir}/src/lib/jupiter/"/&gt;
    &lt;/path&gt;

    &lt;target name="compile-test" depends="init"&gt;
        &lt;mkdir dir="${build.classes.dir}"/&gt;
        &lt;javac srcdir="${src.test.dir}"
           destdir="${build.classes.dir}"&gt;
           &lt;classpath refid="junit.engine.jupiter.classpath"/&gt;
        &lt;/javac&gt;
    &lt;/target&gt;

    &lt;target name="test" depends="compile-test"&gt;
        &lt;junitlauncher&gt;
            &lt;classpath refid="junit.engine.jupiter.classpath"/&gt;
            &lt;classpath&gt;
                &lt;pathelement location="${build.classes.dir}"/&gt;
            &lt;/classpath&gt;
            &lt;testclasses outputdir="${output.dir}"&gt;
                &lt;fileset dir="${build.classes.dir}"/&gt;
                &lt;listener type="legacy-brief" sendSysOut="true"/&gt;
                &lt;listener type="legacy-xml" sendSysErr="true" sendSysOut="true"/&gt;

            &lt;/testclasses&gt;
        &lt;/junitlauncher&gt;
    &lt;/target&gt;
&lt;/project&gt;
    </pre>

    In the example above, the <code>src/lib/jupiter</code> directory is expected to contain
    the Jupiter test engine related jars (which have been
    <a href="#junit-jupiter-engine-libraries">listed in an earlier section of this
    document</a>). In the <code>test</code> target we use the <code>classpath</code> nested element
    to point to the <code>junit.engine.jupiter.classpath</code> containing those jars. In this
    <code>test</code> target we also use another <code>classpath</code> element to point to
    the location containing our test classes. If required, both these classpath can be combined
    into one.
</p>

<h4>listener</h4>

<p>
    The <code>junitlauncher</code> task can be configured with <code>listener</code>(s) to listen to
    test execution events (such as a test execution starting, completing etc...). The listener is
    expected to be a class which implements
    the <code class="code">org.junit.platform.launcher.TestExecutionListener</code>.
    This <code class="code">TestExecutionListener</code> interface is an API exposed by the JUnit 5
    platform APIs and isn't specific to Ant. As such, you can use any existing implementation
    of <code class="code">TestExecutionListener</code> in this task.
</p>

<h5>Test result formatter</h5>
<p>
    <code>junitlauncher</code> provides a way where the test execution results can be formatted and
    presented in a way that's customizable. The task allows for configuring test result formatters,
    through the use of <code>listener</code> element. As noted previously, the <code>listener</code>
    element expects the listener to implement
    the <code class="code">org.junit.platform.launcher.TestExecutionListener</code>
    interface. Typically, result formatters need a bit more configuration details to be fed to them,
    during the test execution&mdash;details like where to write out the formatted result. Any such
    listener can optionally implement
    the <code class="code">org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junitlauncher.TestResultFormatter</code>
    interface. This interface is specific to Ant <code>junitlauncher</code> task and it extends
    the <code class="code">org.junit.platform.launcher.TestExecutionListener</code> interface
</p>
<p>
    The <code>junitlauncher</code> task comes with the following pre-defined test result formatter
    types:
</p>
<ul>
    <li>
        <q>legacy-plain</q> : This formatter prints a short statistics line for all test
        cases.
    </li>
    <li>
        <q>legacy-brief</q> : This formatter prints information for tests that failed or were
        skipped.
    </li>
    <li>
        <q>legacy-xml</q> : This formatter prints statistics for the tests in XML format.
    </li>
</ul>
<p>
    <strong>Note</strong>: Each of these formatters named <q>legacy</q> try to format the results
    similar to what the <code>junit</code> task's formatters used to do. Furthermore,
    the <q>legacy-xml</q> formatter generates the XML to comply with the same schema that
    the <code>junit</code> task's XML formatter used to follow.  As a result, the XML generated by
    this formatter, can be used as-is by the <code>junitreport</code> task.
</p>
<p>
    The <code>listener</code> element supports the following attributes:
</p>
<table class="attr">
    <tr>
        <th scope="col">Attribute</th>
        <th scope="col">Description</th>
        <th scope="col">Required</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>type</td>
        <td>Use a predefined formatter (either <q>legacy-xml</q>, <q>legacy-plain</q>
            or <q>legacy-brief</q>).</td>
        <td rowspan="2">Exactly one of these</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>classname</td>
        <td class="left">Name of a listener class which
            implements <code>org.junit.platform.launcher.TestExecutionListener</code> or
            the <code>org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junitlauncher.TestResultFormatter</code>
            interface
        </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>resultFile</td>
        <td>
            The file name to which the formatted result needs to be written to. This attribute is
            only relevant when the listener class implements
            the <code>org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junitlauncher.TestResultFormatter</code>
            interface.
            <p>
                If no value is specified for this attribute and the listener implements
                the <code>org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junitlauncher.TestResultFormatter</code>
                then the file name will be defaulted to and will be of the
                form <code>TEST-<i>testname</i>.<i>formatter-specific-extension</i></code>
                (ex: <samp>TEST-org.myapp.SomeTest.xml</samp> for the <q>legacy-xml</q> type
                formatter)
            </p>
            <p>
                This file is considered relative to the <code>outputDir</code> configured on the listener.
                If no <code>outputDir</code> is set on the listener, then the file is considered relative to the
                <code>outputDir</code> of the test in context of which this listener is being run.
            </p>
        </td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>outputDir</td>
        <td>Directory into which to create the output of the listener.
            <p><em>Since Ant 1.10.6</em></p>
        </td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>sendSysOut</td>
        <td>If set to <q>true</q> then the listener will be passed the <code>stdout</code> content
            generated by the test(s). This attribute is relevant only if the listener class
            implements
            the <code>org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junitlauncher.TestResultFormatter</code>
            interface.</td>
        <td>No; defaults to <q>false</q></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>sendSysErr</td>
        <td>If set to <q>true</q> then the listener will be passed the <code>stderr</code> content
            generated by the test(s). This attribute is relevant only if the listener class
            implements
            the <code>org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junitlauncher.TestResultFormatter</code>
            interface.</td>
        <td>No; defaults to <q>false</q></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>if</td>
        <td>Only use this listener <a href="../properties.html#if+unless">if the named property is
            set</a>.</td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>unless</td>
        <td>Only use this listener <a href="../properties.html#if+unless">if the named property
            is <strong>not</strong> set</a>.</td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
</table>

<h4>test</h4>

<p>Defines a single test class.</p>

<table class="attr">
    <tr>
        <th scope="col">Attribute</th>
        <th scope="col">Description</th>
        <th scope="col">Required</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>name</td>
        <td>Fully qualified name of the test class.</td>
        <td>Yes</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>methods</td>
        <td>Comma-separated list of names of test case methods to execute.  If this is specified,
            then only these test methods from the test class will be executed.</td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>haltOnFailure</td>
        <td>Stop the build process if a failure occurs during the test run (exceptions are
            considered as failures too).  Overrides value set on <code>junitlauncher</code>
            element.</td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>failureProperty</td>
        <td>The name of a property to set in the event of a failure (exceptions are considered
            failures as well). Overrides value set on <code>junitlauncher</code> element.</td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>outputDir</td>
        <td>Directory to write the reports to.</td>
        <td>No; default is the base directory of the project.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>if</td>
        <td>Only run this test <a href="../properties.html#if+unless">if the named property is
            set</a>.</td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>unless</td>
        <td>Only run this test <a href="../properties.html#if+unless">if the named property
            is <strong>not</strong> set</a>.</td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>includeEngines</td>
        <td>A comma separated set of test engine ids. If specified, only these test engine(s)
            will be used for running the tests.
            <br/>
            For example: <code>includeEngines="junit-jupiter"</code> will only use the Jupiter
            test engine for execution of the tests and will ignore any other engines that might
            have been found in the classpath.
        </td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>excludeEngines</td>
        <td>A comma separated set of test engine ids. If specified, these test engine(s)
            will be excluded when running the tests.
            <br/>
            For example: <code>excludeEngines="junit-vintage"</code> will exclude the vintage
            test engine during execution of the tests and will use any other engines that might
            have been found in the classpath.
        </td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
</table>

<p>
    Tests can define their own listeners via nested <code>listener</code> elements.
</p>

<p>
    The <a href="#fork">fork</a> nested element can be used to run the test in a newly forked
    JVM.
</p>

<h4>testclasses</h4>

<p>Define a number of tests based on pattern matching.</p>

<p>
    <code>testclasses</code> collects the included <a href="../Types/resources.html">resources</a>
    from any number of nested <a href="../Types/resources.html#collection">Resource
    Collection</a>s. It then selects each resource whose name ends in <code>.class</code>. These
    classes are then passed on to the JUnit 5 platform for it to decide and run them as tests.
</p>

<table class="attr">
    <tr>
        <th scope="col">Attribute</th>
        <th scope="col">Description</th>
        <th scope="col">Required</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>haltOnFailure</td>
        <td>Stop the build process if a failure occurs during the test run (exceptions are
            considered as failures too).  Overrides value set on <code>junitlauncher</code>
            element.</td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>failureProperty</td>
        <td>The name of a property to set in the event of a failure (exceptions are considered
            failures as well). Overrides value set on <code>junitlauncher</code> element.</td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>outputDir</td>
        <td>Directory to write the reports to.</td>
        <td>No; default is the base directory of the project.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>if</td>
        <td>Only run the tests <a href="../properties.html#if+unless">if the named property is
            set</a>.</td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>unless</td>
        <td>Only run the tests <a href="../properties.html#if+unless">if the named property
            is <strong>not</strong> set</a>.</td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>includeEngines</td>
        <td>A comma separated set of test engine ids. If specified, only these test engine(s)
            will be used for running the tests.
            <br/>
            For example: <code>includeEngines="junit-jupiter"</code> will only use the Jupiter
            test engine for execution of the tests and will ignore any other engines that might
            have been found in the classpath.
        </td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>excludeEngines</td>
        <td>A comma separated set of test engine ids. If specified, these test engine(s)
            will be excluded when running the tests.
            <br/>
            For example: <code>excludeEngines="junit-vintage"</code> will exclude the vintage
            test engine during execution of the tests and will use any other engines that might
            have been found in the classpath.
        </td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
</table>

<p>
    <code>testclasses</code> can define their own listeners via nested <code>listener</code>
    elements.
</p>

<p>
    The <a href="#fork">fork</a> nested element can be used to run the tests in a newly forked
    JVM. All tests that are part of this <code>testclasses</code> element will run in one single
    instance of the newly forked JVM.
</p>

<h4 id="fork">fork</h4>

<p><em>Since Ant 1.10.6</em></p>

Tests launched using the <code>junitlauncher</code> task, by default, run in the same JVM that
initiates the task. This behaviour can be changed using the <code>fork</code> element.
The <code>fork</code> element and its attributes define the characteristics of
the new JVM instance that will be created to launch the tests.

<table class="attr">
    <tr>
        <th scope="col">Attribute</th>
        <th scope="col">Description</th>
        <th scope="col">Required</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>dir</td>
        <td>The user working directory that will be used for the forked JVM</td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>timeout</td>
        <td>A value in milliseconds, specifying a maximum duration, the test
            running in this forked JVM is allowed to run. If the test runs longer
            than this configured value, then the JVM is killed</td>
        <td>No</td>
    </tr>
</table>

The <code>fork</code> element allows the following nested elements:

<h5>jvmarg</h5>
<p>
    Additional JVM arguments may be passed to the forked JVM via the <code>jvmarg</code> elements.
    For example:
    <pre>
    &lt;fork ...&gt;
      &lt;jvmarg value="-Djava.compiler=NONE"/&gt;
      ...
    &lt;/fork&gt;
    </pre>
</p>

<p>
    <code>jvmarg</code> allows all attributes described in <a href="../using.html#arg">Command-line Arguments</a>
</p>

<h5>sysproperty</h5>
<p>
    The <code>sysproperty</code> elements allow passing Java system properties to the forked JVM:
    <pre>
    &lt;fork&gt;
        &lt;sysproperty key="greeting" value="hello world"/&gt;
    ...
    &lt;/fork&gt;
    </pre>
</p>
<p>
    The attributes for this element are the same as for <a href="../Tasks/exec.html#env">environment variables</a>
</p>

<h5>syspropertyset</h5>

<p>
    You can specify a set of properties to be used as system properties with
    <a href="../Types/propertyset.html">syspropertyset</a>(s)
</p>


<h5>env</h5>

<p>
    It is possible to specify environment variables to pass to the forked JVM via
    nested <code>env</code> elements. For a description of the <code>env</code>
    element's attributes, see the description in the <a href="../Tasks/exec.html#env">exec</a> task.
</p>

<h5>modulepath</h5>

<p>
    The location of Java modules can be specified using the <code>modulepath</code> element,
    which is a <a href="../using.html#path">path-like structure</a>.
</p>
For example:
<pre>
&lt;fork&gt;
  &lt;modulepath&gt;
    &lt;pathelement location="lib"/&gt;
    &lt;pathelement location="dist/test.jar"/&gt;
  &lt;/modulepath&gt;
  ...
&lt;/fork&gt;
</pre>

<h5>upgrademodulepath</h5>

<p>
    The location of Java modules, that replace upgradeable modules in the runtime, can be specified
    using the <code>upgrademodulepath</code> element, which is a <a href="../using.html#path">path-like
    structure</a>.
</p>


<h3>Examples</h3>

<p>
    Launch the JUnit 5 platform to run the <samp>org.myapp.SimpleTest</samp> test
</p>

<pre>
&lt;path id="test.classpath"&gt;
    ...
&lt;/path&gt;

&lt;junitlauncher&gt;
    &lt;classpath refid="test.classpath"/&gt;
    &lt;test name="org.myapp.SimpleTest"/&gt;
&lt;/junitlauncher&gt;</pre>

<p>
    Launch the JUnit 5 platform to run the <samp>org.myapp.SimpleTest</samp> and
    the <samp>org.myapp.AnotherTest</samp> tests. The build process will be stopped if any test, in
    the <samp>org.myapp.SimpleTest</samp>, fails.
</p>

<pre>
&lt;junitlauncher&gt;
    &lt;classpath refid="test.classpath"/&gt;
    &lt;test name="org.myapp.SimpleTest" haltOnFailure="true"/&gt;
    &lt;test name="org.myapp.AnotherTest"/&gt;
&lt;/junitlauncher&gt;
</pre>

<p>
    Launch the JUnit 5 platform to run only the <samp>testFoo</samp> and <samp>testBar</samp>
    methods of the <samp>org.myapp.SimpleTest</samp> test class.
</p>

<pre>
&lt;junitlauncher&gt;
    &lt;classpath refid="test.classpath"/&gt;
    &lt;test name="org.myapp.SimpleTest" methods="testFoo, testBar"/&gt;
&lt;/junitlauncher&gt;</pre>

<p>
    Select any <samp>.class</samp> files that match
    the <samp>org/example/**/tests/**/</samp> <code>fileset</code> filter, under
    the <samp>${build.classes.dir}</samp> and passes those classes to the JUnit 5 platform for
    execution as tests.
</p>

<pre>
&lt;junitlauncher&gt;
    &lt;classpath refid="test.classpath"/&gt;

    &lt;testclasses outputdir="${output.dir}"&gt;
        &lt;fileset dir="${build.classes.dir}"&gt;
            &lt;include name="org/example/**/tests/**/"/&gt;
        &lt;/fileset&gt;
    &lt;/testclasses&gt;
&lt;/junitlauncher&gt;</pre>

<p>
    Select any <samp>.class</samp> files that match
    the <samp>org/example/**/tests/**/</samp> <code>fileset</code> filter, under
    the <samp>${build.classes.dir}</samp> and pass those classes to the JUnit 5 platform for
    execution as tests. Test results will be written out to the <samp>${output.dir}</samp> by
    the <q>legacy-xml</q> and <q>legacy-plain</q> formatters, in separate files. Furthermore, both
    the <q>legacy-xml</q> and the <q>legacy-plain</q> listeners, above, are configured to receive
    the standard output content generated by the tests. The <q>legacy-xml</q> listener is configured
    to receive standard error content as well.
</p>

<pre>
&lt;junitlauncher&gt;
    &lt;classpath refid="test.classpath"/&gt;

    &lt;testclasses outputdir="${output.dir}"&gt;
        &lt;fileset dir="${build.classes.dir}"&gt;
            &lt;include name="org/example/**/tests/**/"/&gt;
        &lt;/fileset&gt;
        &lt;listener type="legacy-xml" sendSysOut="true" sendSysErr="true"/&gt;
        &lt;listener type="legacy-plain" sendSysOut="true" /&gt;
    &lt;/testclasses&gt;
&lt;/junitlauncher&gt;</pre>

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