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<title>Javah Task</title>
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<body>

<h2 id="javah">Javah</h2>
<h3>Description</h3>
<p>Generates JNI headers from a Java class.</p>
<p>When this task executes, it will generate the C header and source files that are needed to
implement native methods. JNI operates differently depending on
whether <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/tools/windows/javah.html"
target="_top">JDK 1.2+</a>
or <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021018232717/http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.1/docs/tooldocs/win32/javah.html"
target="_top">pre-1.2 JDK</a> systems are used.</p>

<p>If you are building with Java 8 or above consider
using <a href="javac.html"><code>javac</code></a>'s <var>nativeheaderdir</var> attribute instead
which allows you to compile the classes and generate the native header files in a single step.</p>

<p><strong>Note</strong>: <code>javah</code> has been deprecated in Java 9 and removed in Java
10. Attempts to use it with Java 10 will fail.</p>

<p id="implementationvalues">It is possible to use different compilers. This can be selected with
the <var>implementation</var> attribute or a nested element. Here are the choices of the
attribute:</p>
<ul>
  <li><q>default</q>&mdash;the default compiler for the platform.</li>
  <li><q>sun</q>&mdash;the standard compiler of the JDK.</li>
  <li><q>kaffeh</q>&mdash;the native standard compiler of <a href="https://github.com/kaffe/kaffe"
    target="_top">Kaffe</a>.</li>
  <li><q>gcjh</q>&mdash;the native standard compiler
    of <a href="https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-7/changes.html#java" target="_top">gcj and
    gij</a>. <em>Since Apache Ant 1.8.2</em></li>
  <li><q>forking</q>&mdash;runs the <kbd>javah</kbd> executable via its command line interface in
    a separate process. Default when not running on Kaffe or gcj/gij <em>since Ant 1.9.8</em></li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Note</strong>: if you are using this task to work on multiple files the command line may
become too long on some operating systems.  Unfortunately the <kbd>javah</kbd> command doesn't
support command argument files the way <kbd>javac</kbd> (for example) does, so all that can be
done is breaking the amount of classes to compile into smaller chunks.</p>

<h3>Parameters</h3>
<table class="attr">
  <tr>
    <th scope="col">Attribute</th>
    <th scope="col">Description</th>
    <th scope="col">Required</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>class</td>
    <td>the fully-qualified name of the class (or classes, separated by commas)</td>
    <td>Yes</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>outputFile</td>
    <td>concatenates the resulting header or source files for all the classes listed into this
      file</td>
    <td rowspan="2">Exactly one of the two</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>destdir</td>
    <td class="left">sets the directory where <kbd>javah</kbd> saves the header files or the stub
      files.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>force</td>
    <td>specifies that output files should always be written (JDK 1.2 only)</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>old</td>
    <td>specifies that old JDK 1.0-style header files should be generated (otherwise output file
      contain JNI-style native method function prototypes) (JDK 1.2 only)</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>stubs</td>
    <td>generate C declarations from the Java object file (used with <var>old</var>)</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>verbose</td>
    <td>causes <kbd>javah</kbd> to print a message concerning the status of the generated files</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>classpath</td>
    <td>the classpath to use</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>bootclasspath</td>
    <td>location of bootstrap class files</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>extdirs</td>
    <td>location of installed extensions</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>implementation</td>
    <td>The compiler implementation to use. (See the above <a href="#implementationvalues">list</a>
      of valid compilers.)</td>
    <td>No; defaults to default compiler for the current JDK</td>
  </tr>
</table>

<h3>Parameters specified as nested elements</h3>

<h4>arg</h4>

<p>You can specify additional command line arguments for the compiler with
nested <code>&lt;arg&gt;</code> elements.  These elements are specified
like <a href="../using.html#arg">Command-line Arguments</a> but have an additional attribute that
can be used to enable arguments only if a given compiler implementation will be used.</p>

<table class="attr">
<tr>
  <th scope="col">Attribute</th>
  <th scope="col">Description</th>
  <th scope="col">Required</th>
</tr>
  <tr>
    <td>value</td>
    <td rowspan="4">See <a href="../using.html#arg">Command-line Arguments</a>.</td>
    <td rowspan="4">Exactly one of these</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="var">line</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="var">file</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td class="var">path</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>prefix</td>
    <td rowspan="2">See <a href="../using.html#arg">Command-line Arguments</a>.  <em>Since Ant
      1.8</em>.</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>suffix</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>implementation</td>
    <td>Only pass the specified argument if the chosen compiler implementation matches the value of
      this attribute.  Legal values are the same as those in the
      above <a href="#implementationvalues">list</a> of valid compilers.)</td>
    <td>No</td>
  </tr>
</table>

<h4>implementationclasspath</h4>
<p><em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em></p>
<p>A <a href="../using.html#path">path-like structure</a> holding the classpath to use when loading
the compiler implementation if a custom class has been specified.  Doesn't have any effect when
using one of the built-in compilers.</p>

<h4>Any nested element of a type that implements JavahAdapter</h4>
<p><em>Since Ant 1.8.0</em></p>
<p>If a defined type implements the <code class="code">JavahAdapter</code> interface a nested
element of that type can be used as an alternative to the <var>implementation</var> attribute.</p>

<h3>Examples</h3>
<p>Make a JNI header of the named class, using the JDK 1.2 JNI model. Assuming the
directory <samp>c</samp> already exists, the file <samp>org_foo_bar_Wibble.h</samp> is created
there. If this file already exists, it is left unchanged.</p>
<pre>&lt;javah destdir=&quot;c&quot; class=&quot;org.foo.bar.Wibble&quot;/&gt;</pre>

<p>This is similar to the previous example, except the output is written to a file
called <samp>wibble.h</samp> in the current directory.</p>
<pre>
&lt;javah outputFile=&quot;wibble.h&quot;&gt;
  &lt;class name=&quot;org.foo.bar.Wibble,org.foo.bar.Bobble&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/javah&gt;</pre>

<p>Write three header files, one for each of the classes named. Because the <var>force</var> option
is set, these header files are always written when the <code>Javah</code> task is invoked, even if
they already exist.</p>
<pre>
&lt;javah destdir=&quot;c&quot; force=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;
  &lt;class name=&quot;org.foo.bar.Wibble&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;class name=&quot;org.foo.bar.Bobble&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;class name=&quot;org.foo.bar.Tribble&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/javah&gt;</pre>

<p>Write the headers for the three classes using the 'old' JNI format, then write the
corresponding <samp>.c</samp> stubs. The <var>verbose</var> option will cause <code>Javah</code> to
describe its progress.</p>
<pre>
&lt;javah destdir=&quot;c&quot; verbose=&quot;yes&quot; old=&quot;yes&quot; force=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;
  &lt;class name=&quot;org.foo.bar.Wibble&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;class name=&quot;org.foo.bar.Bobble&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;class name=&quot;org.foo.bar.Tribble&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/javah&gt;
&lt;javah destdir=&quot;c&quot; verbose=&quot;yes&quot; stubs=&quot;yes&quot; old=&quot;yes&quot; force=&quot;yes&quot;&gt;
  &lt;class name=&quot;org.foo.bar.Wibble&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;class name=&quot;org.foo.bar.Bobble&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;class name=&quot;org.foo.bar.Tribble&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/javah&gt;</pre>

<p>If you want to use a
custom <code class="code">JavahAdapter</code> <code>org.example.MyAdapter</code> you can either use
the <var>implementation</var> attribute:</p>
<pre>
&lt;javah destdir="c" class="org.foo.bar.Wibble"
       implementation="org.example.MyAdapter"/&gt;</pre>
<p>or a define a type and nest this into the task like in:</p>
<pre>
&lt;componentdef classname="org.example.MyAdapter"
              name="myadapter"/&gt;
&lt;javah destdir="c" class="org.foo.bar.Wibble"&gt;
  &lt;myadapter/&gt;
&lt;/javah&gt;</pre>
<p>in which case your <code>javah</code> adapter can support attributes and nested elements of its
own.</p>

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