# Developing with Ant

## Writing Your Own Task

It is very easy to write your own task:

1. Create a Java class that extends `org.apache.tools.ant.Task`.
2. For each attribute, write a setter method. The setter method must be a `public void` method that takes a single argument. The name of the method must begin with `set`, followed by the attribute name, with the first character of the name in uppercase, and the rest in lowercase. The type of the attribute can be:
   - `String`
   - any primitive type (they are converted for you from their String-representation in the buildfile)
   - boolean - your method will be passed the value true if the value specified in the buildfile is one of `true`, `yes`, or `on`)
   - `Class`
   - `File` (in which case the value of the attribute is interpreted relative to the project's basedir)
   - any other type that has a constructor with a single `String` argument
3. If your task has enumerated attributes, you should consider using a subclass of `org.apache.tools.ant.types.EnumeratedAttribute` as an argument to your setter method. See `org/apache/tools/ant/taskdefs/FixCRLF.java` for an example.
4. If the task should support character data, write a `public void addText(String)` method.
5. For each nested element, write a create or add method. A create method must be a `public` method that takes no arguments and returns an `Object` type. The name of the create method must begin with `create`, followed by the element name. An add method must be a `public void` method that takes a single argument of an `Object` type with a no-argument constructor. The name of the add method must begin with `add`, followed by the element name.
6. Write a `public void execute` method, with no arguments, that throws a `BuildException`. This method implements the task itself.

### The Life-cycle of a Task

1. The task gets instantiated using a no-argument constructor, at parser time. This means even tasks that are never executed get instantiated.
2. The task gets references to its project and location inside the buildfile via its inherited `project` and `location` variables.
3. If the user specified an `id` attribute to this task, the project registers a reference to this newly created task, at parser time.
4. The task gets a reference to the target it belongs to via its inherited `target` variable.
5. `init()` is called at parser time.
6. All child elements of the XML element corresponding to this task are created via this task's `createXXX()` methods or instantiated and added to this task via its `addXXX()` methods, at parser time.
7. All attributes of this task get set via their corresponding `setXXX` methods, at runtime.
8. The content character data sections inside the XML element corresponding to this task is added to the task via its `addText` method, at runtime.
9. All attributes of all child elements get set via their corresponding `setXXX` methods, at runtime.
10. `execute()` is called at runtime. While the above initialization steps only occur once, the execute() method may be called more than once, if the task is invoked more than once. For example, if `target1` and `target2` both depend on `target3`, then running `'ant target1 target2'` will run all tasks in `target3` twice.

### Example

Let's write our own task, which prints a message on the `System.out` stream. The task has one attribute, called `message`.

>     package com.mydomain;

>     import org.apache.tools.ant.BuildException;
>     import org.apache.tools.ant.Task;

>     public class MyVeryOwnTask extends Task {
>       private String msg;

>       // The method executing the task
>       public void execute() throws BuildException {
>         System.out.println(msg);
>       }

>       // The setter for the "message" attribute
>       public void setMessage(String msg) {
>         this.msg = msg;
>       }
>     }

It's really this simple ;-)

Adding your task to the system is rather simple too:

1. Make sure the class that implements your task is in the classpath when starting Ant.
2. Add a `<taskdef>` element to your project. This actually adds your task to the system.
3. Use your task in the rest of the buildfile.

### Example

>     <?xml version="1.0"?>

>     <project name="OwnTaskExample" default="main" basedir=".">
>       <taskdef name="mytask" classname="com.mydomain.MyVeryOwnTask"/>

>       <target name="main">
>         <mytask message="Hello World! MyVeryOwnTask works!"/>
>       </target>
>     </project>

### Example 2

To use a task directly from the buildfile which created it, place the `<taskdef>` declaration inside a target after the compilation. Use the `classpath` attribute of `<taskdef>` to point to where the code has just been compiled.

>     <?xml version="1.0"?>

>     <project name="OwnTaskExample2" default="main" basedir=".">

>       <target name="build" >
>         <mkdir dir="build"/>
>         <javac srcdir="source" destdir="build"/>
>       </target>

>       <target name="declare" depends="build">
>         <taskdef name="mytask"
>             classname="com.mydomain.MyVeryOwnTask"
>             classpath="build"/>
>       </target>

>       <target name="main" depends="declare">
>         <mytask message="Hello World! MyVeryOwnTask works!"/>
>       </target>
>     </project>

Another way to add a task (more permanently), is to add the task name and implementing class name to the `default.properties` file in the `org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs` package. Then you can use it as if it were a built-in task.

## Build Events

Ant is capable of generating build events as it performs the tasks necessary to build a project. Listeners can be attached to Ant to receive these events. This capability could be used, for example, to connect Ant to a GUI or to integrate Ant with an IDE.

To use build events you need to create an ant `Project` object. You can then call the `addBuildListener` method to add your listener to the project. Your listener must implement the `org.apache.tools.antBuildListener` interface. The listener will receive BuildEvents for the following events

- Build started
- Build finished
- Target started
- Target finished
- Task started
- Task finished
- Message logged

If you wish to attach a listener from the command line you may use the `-listener` option. For example:

>     ant -listener org.apache.tools.ant.XmlLogger

will run Ant with a listener that generates an XML representation of the build progress. This listener is included with Ant, as is the default listener, which generates the logging to standard output.

## Source code integration

The other way to extend Ant through Java is to make changes to existing tasks, which is positively encouraged. Both changes to the existing source and new tasks can be incorporated back into the Ant codebase, which benefits all users and spreads the maintenance load around.

Please consult the Getting Involved pages on the Jakarta web site for details on how to fetch the latest source and how to submit changes for reincorporation into the source tree.

Ant also has some task guidelines which provides some advice to people developing and testing tasks. Even if you intend to keep your tasks to yourself, you should still read this as it should be informative.

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