MegEngine/sdk/load-and-run/src/mgblar.cpp

/**
 * \file sdk/load-and-run/src/mgblar.cpp
 * MegEngine is Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License")
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2021 Megvii Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT ARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 */

#include "./mgblar.h"
#include "./infile_persistent_cache.h"
#include "./json_loader.h"
#include "./npy.h"

#include "megbrain/comp_node_env.h"
#include "megbrain/gopt/inference.h"
#include "megbrain/graph/extern_copr_api.h"
#include "megbrain/opr/dnn/convolution.h"
#include "megbrain/opr/io.h"
#include "megbrain/opr/search_policy/algo_chooser_helper.h"
#include "megbrain/opr/utility.h"
#include "megbrain/plugin/cpu_dispatch_checker.h"
#include "megbrain/plugin/num_range_checker.h"
#include "megbrain/plugin/opr_io_dump.h"
#include "megbrain/plugin/profiler.h"
#include "megbrain/plugin/var_value_checker.h"
#include "megbrain/serialization/extern_c_opr.h"
#include "megbrain/serialization/serializer.h"
#include "megbrain/utils/debug.h"

#include "megbrain/system.h"
#include "megbrain/version.h"
#include "megdnn/version.h"

#include <cctype>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <memory>
#include <numeric>
#include <sstream>

#if defined(_WIN32)
#include <io.h>
#define F_OK 0
#define access(a, b) _access(a, b)
#elif __linux__ || __unix__ || __APPLE__
#include <unistd.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#endif

#if MGB_ENABLE_TENSOR_RT
#include "megbrain/tensorrt/tensorrt_engine_cache.h"
#endif

using namespace mgb;

namespace {

const char* OPTIONS_DESC =
R"__usage__(
  --cpu|--cpu-default
)__usage__"
R"__usage__(
    Require to compute on CPU or OpenCL. By default CUDA is used if available,
    and CPU is used if CUDA is not available. Use --cpu-default to compute on
    CPU and dispatch all tasks in the caller thread.
  --multithread|--multithread-default <nr_thread>
    Use --multithread to compute on CPU with multi threads.
    Use --multithread-default to compute on CPU with multi threads and
    the caller thread is main thread of the multi thread pool, follow by
    thread number
  --multi-thread-core-ids
    The multi thread affinity core set, separated with ',', the number of digital
    will be the thread number. for example:--multi-thread-core-ids "0,1,2,3", the
    number thread if 4,the main thread binding the last core '3',
    for best performance, the main thread should binding to the fast core.
  --profile|--profile-host <output>
    Write profiling result to given file. The output file is in JSON format and
    can be processed by scripts in MegHair/utils/debug.
    Note:
        For some backends (like opencl), special options need to be enabled for
        profiling device time, which may cause additional overhead and make it
        hard to profile host time. Use --profile-host to focus on host time
        profiling.
  --input [ filepath | string]
    Set up inputs for megbrain model. for example: --data image.ppm --data
    param.json --data bbox:bbox.npy@batchid:b.npy --data rect:[0,0,227,227];
    batchid:0,1,2,3. --io-dump or --bin-io-dump
    should be enabled at the same time.
  --io-dump <output> | --bin-io-dump <output dir>
    Dump input/output values of all internal variables to output file or
    directory, in text or binary format. The binary file can be parsed by
    `megbrain.plugin.load_tensor_binary`.
  --io-dump-stdout | --io-dump-stderr
    Dump input/output values of all internal variables to stdout or stderr in text format
  --bin-out-dump <output dir>
    Dump output tensor values in binary format to given directory.
  --iter <num>
    Number of iterations to run for each testcase.
  --warmup-iter <num>
    Number of warm-up iterations, which are not included in the time statistics.
  --range <value>
    Enable tensor value range check. Exception would be raised if the absolute
    value of any element of any variable does not fit in given range. This can
    be used to debug NaN values.
  --check-dispatch
    Enable CPU dispatch checker, which prints a warning message if on operator
    does not the dispatch function. This is used to find potential bugs in
    MegDNN.
  --check-var-value <switch_interval[:start_i dx]>
    Enable VarValueChecker plugin. Refer to its doc for more details.
  --no-sanity-check
    Disable var sanity check on the first run. Var sanity check is enabled on
    the first-time execution by default, and can be used to find some potential
    memory access errors in the operator implementation.
  --disable-mem-opt
    Disable memory optimizations. This is used to check whether memory
    optimization is the cause for unexpected behavior.
  --fake-first
    Enable fake exec for the first run. In fake exec mode, some initialization
    job would be done, but no actual computing is performed. This can be used in
    an SDK right after loading the model to reduce execution latency in the real
    fist-time computing. It requires input shapes to be correctly setup.
  --const-shape
    Set `GraphLoadConfig::const_var_shape` to true before loading the graph.
    This can be used to reduce memory usage since some static inference data
    structures can be omitted.
  --share-param-mem
    Share the memory used by model params with model storage. This can be used
    to reduce memory usage when computing on CPU.
  --record-comp-seq | --record-comp-seq2
    Record the computing sequence, in level 1 or 2. It reduces overhead of API
    calls of some asynchronous computing devices, especially for OpenCL. In
    level 2 the computing graph can be destructed to reduce memory usage. Read
    the doc of `ComputingGraph::Options::comp_node_seq_record_level` for more
    details.
)__usage__"
#if MGB_ENABLE_FASTRUN
R"__usage__(
 --full-run
    Enable full-run mode. Operators with multiple algorithms would be profiled
    on the real device with actual input shapes, all algorithms will be profiled
    include naive algorithms.
    See `mgb::gopt::enable_opr_algo_profiling_inplace` for more details.
 --fast-run
    Enable fast-run mode. Operators with multiple algorithms would be profiled
    on the real device with actual input shapes, this mode will only profile the
    well optimized algorithms to get the profile result fast.
    See `mgb::gopt::enable_opr_algo_profiling_inplace` for more details.
)__usage__"
#endif
R"__usage__(
  --fast-run-algo-policy <path>
    It will read the cache file before profile, and save new fastrun in cache file.
  --reproducible
    Enable choose algo which is reproducible. It mainly used for cudnn algos.
    See https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/sdk/cudnn-developer-guide/index.html#reproducibility
    for more details.
  --wait-gdb
    Print PID and wait for a line from stdin before starting execution. Useful
    for waiting for gdb attach.
  --c-opr-lib <path>
    Load external operator library. It must implement MGB_C_OPR_INIT_FUNC_STR as the
    entry point.
  --c-opr-lib-with-param
    Run c opr lib with param, use to benchmark speed and check result, need c opr loader implemente
    `copr_param_device_ptr_malloc, copr_param_device_ptr_free and copr_param_device_ptr_h2d symbols`.
  --thread <num>
    Number of threads to run concurrently. All threads perform the same work of
    loading and executing models. This is used for test thread safety, not for
    speed up on multiple cores.
  --disable-assert-throw
    Do not throw exception in case AssertEqual fails. Note that the exit code
    would also be zero if this option is enabled. This should only be used for
    debug.
  --copy-to-host
    Whether copy output from device to host.
    This is used for checking the performance in real scenarios including output copy.
  --workspace-limit <num>
    set workspace_limit for execution strategy for oprs with multiple algorithms.
    The default is SIZE_MAX(bytes).
  --verbose
    Increase verbosity for megbrain log.
)__usage__"
#if MGB_ENABLE_TENSOR_RT
R"__usage__(
  --tensorrt
    Execute supported operators with TensorRT. Can only be used on Nvidia GPUs,
    i.e. comp node is xpu or gpu.
  --tensorrt-cache <path>
    Set the TensorRT engine cache path for serialized prebuilt ICudaEngine
)__usage__"
#endif
R"__usage__(
  --enable-jit
    Execute supported operators with JIT(now only support NVRTC). Can only be used on Nvidia GPUs.
)__usage__"
R"__usage__(
  --enable-chwn4
    Execute operators with kernels implemented in MegDNN with CHWN4 tensor format. Can only be used
    on Nvidia GPUs, whose compute capability is above 6.1.
)__usage__"
R"__usage__(
  --enable-nchw44
    Execute operators with kernels implemented in MegDNN with NCHW44 tensor format. This can only
    be used on arm of armv7 and arm64, support data tyep of float32, qint8 and int8x8x16.
)__usage__"
R"__usage__(
  --enable-nhw88
    Execute operators with kernels implemented in MegDNN with NCHW88 tensor format. This can only
    be used on x86 with data type float.
)__usage__"
R"__usage__(
  --enable-nhw44-dot
    Execute operators with kernels implemented in MegDNN with NCHW44-DOT tensor format. This Can
    only be used on arm32 and arm64 with dot-product supported, and only support qint8 model
)__usage__"
R"__usage__(
  --weight-preprocess
    Execute operators with weight preprocess, which can optimize the operator execution time with
    algo of winograd, im2col ,etc., but it may consume more memory.
)__usage__"
R"__usage__(
  --enable-fuse-preprocess
    Fusion astype\pad_channel\dimshuffle and etc opr from h2d op
)__usage__"
;

struct DataParser {
    struct Brace {
        std::weak_ptr<Brace> parent;
        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Brace>> chidren;
    };

    void feed(const std::string& path) {
        std::string blob_name = "data", blob_string = path;
        size_t sep = path.find(":");
        if (sep != std::string::npos) {
            blob_name = path.substr(0, sep);
            blob_string = path.substr(sep + 1);
        }

        auto endWith = [blob_string](std::string suffix) -> bool {
            return blob_string.rfind(suffix) ==
                   (blob_string.length() - suffix.length());
        };

        if (endWith(".ppm") || endWith(".pgm")) {
            parse_image(blob_name, blob_string);
        } else if (endWith(".json")) {
            parse_json(blob_string);
        } else if (endWith(".npy")) {
            parse_npy(blob_name, blob_string);
        } else {
            parse_string(blob_name, blob_string);
        }
    }

    std::map<std::string, HostTensorND> inputs;

private:
    void parse_json(const std::string& path) {
        JsonLoader json;
        std::shared_ptr<JsonLoader::Value> root = json.load(path.c_str());

        mgb_assert(root != nullptr, "parse json %s fail", path.c_str());

        // parse json to data map
        const std::string SHAPE = "shape", TYPE = "type", RAW = "raw";
        for (auto& item : root->objects()) {
            auto&& value = *item.second;
            auto&& shape = value[SHAPE];
            mgb_assert(shape->is_array());

            auto&& type = value[TYPE];
            mgb_assert(type->is_str());

            auto&& raw = value[RAW];
            mgb_assert(raw->is_array());

            megdnn::SmallVector<size_t> data_shape;
            for (auto&& shape_ptr : shape->array()) {
                data_shape.append(
                        {static_cast<size_t>(std::round(shape_ptr->number()))});
            }

            // get type
            const std::map<std::string, megdnn::DType> type_map = {
                    {"float32", dtype::Float32()}, {"float", dtype::Float32()},
                    {"int32", dtype::Int32()},     {"int", dtype::Int32()},
                    {"int8", dtype::Int8()},       {"uint8", dtype::Uint8()}};

            const std::string& type_str = type->str();
            mgb_assert(type_map.find(type_str) != type_map.end(),
                       "unknown json data type for --data");

            DType datatype = type_map.at(type_str);
            HostTensorND hv;
            hv.comp_node(mgb::CompNode::default_cpu(), true)
                    .dtype(datatype)
                    .resize(data_shape);
            dt_byte* raw_ptr = hv.raw_ptr();
            size_t elem_size = datatype.size();

            // get raw
            const size_t array_size = raw->len();
            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < array_size; ++idx) {
                double tmp = (*raw)[idx]->number();

                switch (datatype.enumv()) {
                    case megdnn::DTypeEnum::Int32: {
                        int32_t ival = std::round(tmp);
                        memcpy(raw_ptr + idx * elem_size, &ival, elem_size);
                    } break;
                    case megdnn::DTypeEnum::Uint8:
                    case megdnn::DTypeEnum::Int8: {
                        int8_t cval = std::round(tmp);
                        memcpy(raw_ptr + idx, &cval, sizeof(int8_t));
                    } break;
                    case megdnn::DTypeEnum::Float32: {
                        float fval = tmp;
                        memcpy(raw_ptr + idx * elem_size, &fval, elem_size);
                    } break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
            }

            inputs.insert(std::make_pair(item.first, std::move(hv)));
        }
    }

    void parse_image(const std::string& name, const std::string& path) {
        // load ppm/pgm
        std::ifstream fin;
        fin.open(path, std::ifstream::binary | std::ifstream::in);
        mgb_assert(fin.is_open(), "open file %s failed for --input",
                   path.c_str());

        size_t w = 0, h = 0, channel = 0;
        char buf[128] = {0};

        fin.getline(buf, 128);
        if ('5' == buf[1]) {
            channel = 1;
        } else if ('6' == buf[1]) {
            channel = 3;
        } else {
            mgb_assert(0, "not a formal ppm/pgm");
        }

        while (fin.getline(buf, 128)) {
            // skip OCV comment, check
            // https://github.com/opencv/opencv/pull/17006
            if (buf[0] == '#') {
                continue;
            }
            break;
        }
        std::stringstream ss;
        ss << std::string(buf);
        ss >> w;
        ss >> h;

        mgb_assert(w > 0 and h > 0);

        HostTensorND hv;
        hv.comp_node(mgb::CompNode::default_cpu(), true)
                .dtype(dtype::Uint8())
                .resize({1, h, w, channel});

        fin.read((char*)(hv.raw_ptr()), hv.layout().total_nr_elems());
        fin.close();
        inputs.insert(std::make_pair(name, std::move(hv)));
    }

    void parse_npy(const std::string& name, const std::string& path) {
        std::string type_str;
        std::vector<npy::ndarray_len_t> stl_shape;
        std::vector<int8_t> raw;
        npy::LoadArrayFromNumpy(path, type_str, stl_shape, raw);

        megdnn::SmallVector<size_t> shape;
        for (auto val : stl_shape) {
            shape.append({static_cast<size_t>(val)});
        }

        const std::map<std::string, megdnn::DType> type_map = {
                {"f4", dtype::Float32()},
                {"i4", dtype::Int32()},
                {"i1", dtype::Int8()},
                {"u1", dtype::Uint8()}};

        megdnn::DType hv_type;
        for (auto& item : type_map) {
            if (type_str.find(item.first) != std::string::npos) {
                hv_type = item.second;
                break;
            }
        }

        HostTensorND hv;
        hv.comp_node(mgb::CompNode::default_cpu(), true)
                .dtype(hv_type)
                .resize(shape);
        dt_byte* raw_ptr = hv.raw_ptr();
        memcpy(raw_ptr, raw.data(), raw.size());

        inputs.insert(std::make_pair(name, std::move(hv)));
    }

    void parse_string(const std::string name, const std::string& str) {
        // data type
        megdnn::DType data_type = dtype::Int32();
        if (str.find(".") != std::string::npos or
            str.find(".") != std::string::npos) {
            data_type = dtype::Float32();
        }
        // shape
        size_t number_cnt = 0;

        std::shared_ptr<Brace> brace_root = std::make_shared<Brace>();
        std::shared_ptr<Brace> cur = brace_root;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
            char c = str[i];
            if (c == '[') {
                std::shared_ptr<Brace> child = std::make_shared<Brace>();
                child->parent = cur;
                cur->chidren.emplace_back(child);
                cur = child;
            } else if (c == ']') {
                cur = cur->parent.lock();
            } else if (c == ',') {
                number_cnt++;
            }
            continue;
        }
        ++number_cnt;

        mgb_assert(cur == brace_root, "braces not closed for --input");
        megdnn::SmallVector<size_t> shape;
        cur = brace_root;
        while (not cur->chidren.empty()) {
            shape.append({cur->chidren.size()});
            number_cnt /= cur->chidren.size();
            cur = cur->chidren[0];
        }
        mgb_assert(number_cnt > 0);
        shape.append({number_cnt});

        // data
        std::string json_arr;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
            char c = str[i];
            if (c != '[' and c != ']') {
                json_arr += c;
            }
        }
        json_arr = "[" + json_arr + "]";

        // reuse json parser to resolve raw data
        JsonLoader json;
        std::shared_ptr<JsonLoader::Value> json_root =
                json.load(json_arr.data(), json_arr.size());
        mgb_assert(json_root != nullptr, "parse json fail in parse_string");

        HostTensorND hv;
        hv.comp_node(mgb::CompNode::default_cpu(), true)
                .dtype(data_type)
                .resize(shape);
        dt_byte* raw_ptr = hv.raw_ptr();

        const size_t array_len = json_root->len();
        const size_t elem_size = data_type.size();
        for (size_t idx = 0; idx < array_len; ++idx) {
            double tmp = json_root->array()[idx]->number();
            switch (data_type.enumv()) {
                case megdnn::DTypeEnum::Int32: {
                    int32_t ival = std::round(tmp);
                    memcpy(raw_ptr + idx * elem_size, &ival, elem_size);
                } break;
                case megdnn::DTypeEnum::Float32: {
                    float fval = tmp;
                    memcpy(raw_ptr + idx * elem_size, &fval, elem_size);
                } break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
        inputs.insert(std::make_pair(name, std::move(hv)));
    };
};

struct Args {
    int args_parse_ret = 0;

    std::string model_path;
    struct COprArgs {
        //! for run c opr
        bool is_run_c_opr = false;
        bool is_run_c_opr_with_param = false;
        typedef void (*COPR_PARAM_DEVICE_PTR_MEM_T)(ExternCOprParam* param);
        typedef void (*COPR_PARAM_DEVICE_PTR_H2D_T)(
                ExternCOprParam* param, void* host_ptr,
                size_t extern_device_tensor_id);
        COPR_PARAM_DEVICE_PTR_MEM_T copr_param_device_ptr_malloc = nullptr;
        COPR_PARAM_DEVICE_PTR_MEM_T copr_param_device_ptr_free = nullptr;
        COPR_PARAM_DEVICE_PTR_H2D_T copr_param_device_ptr_h2d = nullptr;
    };

    COprArgs c_opr_args;

    bool disable_assert_throw = false;
    bool share_param_mem = false;
#if MGB_ENABLE_FASTRUN
    bool use_full_run = false;
    bool use_fast_run = false;
#endif
    bool reproducible = false;
    std::string fast_run_cache_path;
    bool copy_to_host = false;
    int nr_run = 10;
    int nr_warmup = 1;
    int nr_thread = 1;
    int multithread_number = 1;
    size_t workspace_limit = SIZE_MAX;
    std::vector<std::string> data_files;
    serialization::GraphLoader::LoadResult load_ret;
#if MGB_ENABLE_JSON
    std::unique_ptr<GraphProfiler> profiler;
#endif
    std::string profiler_output;
    std::string bin_out_dump;

    std::unique_ptr<OprIODumpBase> iodump;
    std::unique_ptr<NumRangeChecker> num_range_checker;
    std::unique_ptr<CPUDispatchChecker> cpu_dispatch_checker;
    std::unique_ptr<VarValueChecker> var_value_checker;
    serialization::GraphLoader::LoadConfig load_config;
    thin_function<void(size_t)> affinity_cb;

    static Args from_argv(int argc, char **argv);
};

uint32_t read_nr_test(serialization::InputFile &fin) {
    char magic[8];
    fin.read(magic, sizeof(magic));
    if (strncmp(magic, "mgbtest0", 8)) {
        fin.rewind();
        return 0;
    }
    uint32_t ret;
    fin.read(&ret, sizeof(ret));
    return ret;
}

size_t get_file_size(FILE *fptr) {
    fseek(fptr, 0, SEEK_END);
    size_t size = ftell(fptr);
    fseek(fptr, 0, SEEK_SET);
    return size;
}

/**
 * \brief dump output tensor.
 *
 * graph would be destructed if comp_node_seq_record_level == 2; so we should
 * store graph info before graph_compile().
 */
class OutputDumper {
    struct DumpInfo {
        HostTensorND hv = {};
        std::string var_info;
        std::string owner_inputs_info;
        size_t id;
    };
    SmallVector<DumpInfo> m_infos;

    size_t m_run_id = 0;
    size_t m_bind_id = 0;
    const Args& m_env;

public:
    OutputDumper(const Args& env) : m_env{env} {
        for (auto&& i : m_env.load_ret.output_var_list) {
            auto&& var = i.node();
            DumpInfo info;
            info.var_info = cg::dump_var_info({var});
            info.owner_inputs_info =
                    cg::dump_var_info(var->owner_opr()->input());
            info.id = var->id();
            m_infos.push_back(info);
        }
    }

    ComputingGraph::Callback bind() {
        auto& info = m_infos.at(m_bind_id++);
        ComputingGraph::Callback cb = [&info](const DeviceTensorND& dv) {
            info.hv.copy_from(dv);
        };
        return cb;
    }

    void write_to_file() {
        if (!m_env.bin_out_dump.empty()) {
            for (auto&& info : m_infos) {
                auto value = debug::dump_tensor(
                        info.hv, ssprintf("var=%s owner_opr_inputs=%s",
                                          info.var_info.c_str(),
                                          info.owner_inputs_info.c_str()));
                debug::write_to_file(
                        ssprintf("%s/run%zu-var%zd", m_env.bin_out_dump.c_str(),
                                 m_run_id, info.id)
                                .c_str(),
                        value);
            }

        }
        m_run_id ++;
    }
};

void run_test_st(Args &env) {
    std::unique_ptr<serialization::InputFile> inp_file;

    if (env.share_param_mem) {
        FILE *fin = fopen(env.model_path.c_str(), "rb");
        mgb_assert(fin, "failed to open %s: %s", env.model_path.c_str(),
                strerror(errno));
        auto size = get_file_size(fin);
        void *ptr = malloc(size);
        std::shared_ptr<void> buf{ptr, free};
        auto nr = fread(buf.get(), 1, size, fin);
        mgb_assert(nr == size);
        fclose(fin);
        inp_file = serialization::InputFile::make_mem_proxy(buf, size);
    } else {
        inp_file = serialization::InputFile::make_fs(
                env.model_path.c_str());
    }
    auto nr_test = read_nr_test(*inp_file);

    auto format =
            serialization::GraphLoader::identify_graph_dump_format(*inp_file);
    mgb_assert(format.valid(),
               "invalid model: unknown model format, please make sure input "
               "file is generated by GraphDumper");
    auto loader =
            serialization::GraphLoader::make(std::move(inp_file), format.val());
    RealTimer timer;
    env.load_ret = loader->load(env.load_config, false);

    // graph is no longer needed; reset so memory can be reclaimed
    env.load_config.comp_graph.reset();

    printf("load model: %.3fms\n", timer.get_msecs_reset());

    // compile function to compute all outputs
    ComputingGraph::OutputSpec out_spec;
    std::string output_names;

    OutputDumper output_dumper(env);
    for (auto&& i : env.load_ret.output_var_list) {
        if (&i != env.load_ret.output_var_list.data()) {
            output_names += " ";
        }
        output_names.append(i.node()->name() + i.shape().to_string());
        ComputingGraph::Callback cb;
        if (!env.bin_out_dump.empty()) {
            cb = output_dumper.bind();
        } else if (env.copy_to_host) {
            HostTensorND val;
            cb = [val](const DeviceTensorND& dv) mutable {
                val.copy_from(dv);
            };
        }
        out_spec.emplace_back(i, std::move(cb));
    }

    if (env.disable_assert_throw) {
        auto on_opr = [](cg::OperatorNodeBase* opr) {
            if (opr->same_type<opr::AssertEqual>()) {
                opr->cast_final<opr::AssertEqual>().disable_throw_on_error();
            }
        };
        cg::DepOprIter iter{on_opr};
        for (auto&& i : out_spec) {
            iter.add(i.first.node()->owner_opr());
        }
    }

    SymbolVarArray vars;
    for (auto i : out_spec) {
        vars.push_back(i.first);
    }

    mgb::gopt::set_opr_algo_workspace_limit_inplace(vars, env.workspace_limit);
    using S = opr::mixin::AlgoChooserHelper::ExecutionPolicy::Strategy;
    S strategy = S::HEURISTIC;
#if MGB_ENABLE_FASTRUN
    if (env.use_full_run) {
        if (env.reproducible) {
            strategy = S::PROFILE | S::REPRODUCIBLE;
        } else {
            strategy = S::PROFILE;
        }
    } else if (env.use_fast_run) {
        strategy = S::PROFILE | S::OPTIMIZED;
        if (env.reproducible){
            strategy = strategy | S::REPRODUCIBLE;
        }
    } else if (env.reproducible) {
        strategy = S::HEURISTIC | S::REPRODUCIBLE;
    }
#else
    if (env.reproducible) {
        strategy = S::HEURISTIC | S::REPRODUCIBLE;
    }
#endif
    mgb::gopt::modify_opr_algo_strategy_inplace(vars, strategy);
    if (!env.fast_run_cache_path.empty()) {
#if MGB_ENABLE_FASTRUN
        if (!access(env.fast_run_cache_path.c_str(), F_OK)) {
#else
        mgb_assert(access(env.fast_run_cache_path.c_str(), F_OK) == 0,
                   "fast-run cache file can't be accessed");
#endif
            FILE* fin = fopen(env.fast_run_cache_path.c_str(), "rb");
            auto flen = get_file_size(fin);
            std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> buf{new uint8_t[flen]};
            size_t ret = fread(buf.get(), flen, 1, fin);
            MGB_MARK_USED_VAR(ret);
            mgb_assert(ret == 1, "read 1 block (got %zu), and block size %zu.",
                       ret, flen);
            fclose(fin);
            PersistentCache::set_impl(
                    std::make_shared<InFilePersistentCache>(buf.get(), flen));
#if MGB_ENABLE_FASTRUN
        } else {
            mgb_assert(env.use_full_run || env.use_fast_run,
                       "fast-run or fast-run should be enabled");
            PersistentCache::set_impl(
                    std::make_shared<InFilePersistentCache>());
        }
        if (!env.use_full_run && !env.use_fast_run)
#endif
            mgb::gopt::enable_opr_use_profiling_cache_inplace(vars);
    }

    auto func = env.load_ret.graph_compile(out_spec);
    auto warmup = [&]() {
        printf("=== prepare: %.3fms; going to warmup\n",
               timer.get_msecs_reset());
        for (int run = 0; run < env.nr_warmup; ++run) {
            func->execute().wait();
            printf("warmup %d: %.3fms\n", run, timer.get_msecs_reset());
        }
    };

    auto run_iters = [&](uint32_t case_idx) -> float {
        double time_sqrsum = 0, time_sum = 0,
               min_time = std::numeric_limits<double>::max(), max_time = 0;
        for (int run = 0; run < env.nr_run; ++run) {
            mgb_log_debug("load_and_run: before running iter %d", run);
            timer.reset();
            func->execute();
            mgb_log_debug("load_and_run: before waiting iter %d", run);
            auto exec_time = timer.get_msecs();
            func->wait();
            output_dumper.write_to_file();
            auto cur = timer.get_msecs();
            printf("iter %d/%d: %.3fms (exec=%.3f,device=%.3f)\n", run,
                   env.nr_run, cur, exec_time,
                   func->get_prev_exec_time() * 1e3);
            time_sum += cur;
            time_sqrsum += cur * cur;
            fflush(stdout);
            if (cur < min_time) {
                min_time = cur;
            }
            if (cur > max_time) {
                max_time = cur;
            }
        }
        printf("=== finished test #%u: time=%.3fms avg_time=%.3fms "
               "sd=%.3fms minmax=%.3f,%.3f\n\n",
               case_idx, time_sum, time_sum / env.nr_run,
               std::sqrt((time_sqrsum * env.nr_run - time_sum * time_sum) /
                         (env.nr_run * (env.nr_run - 1))),
               min_time, max_time);
        return time_sum;

    };

    if (nr_test) {
        // run testcase, generated by dump_with_testcase.py

        std::vector<std::pair<std::string, HostTensorND*>> inp_tensors;
        for (auto &&i: env.load_ret.tensor_map) {
            inp_tensors.emplace_back(i.first, i.second.get());
        }
        std::sort(inp_tensors.begin(), inp_tensors.end());

        printf("=== going to run %u testcases; output vars: %s\n", nr_test,
                output_names.c_str());
        double tot_time = 0;
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nr_test; ++ i) {
            std::shared_ptr<ExternCOprParam> c_opr_param;
            auto dtype_cpp2c = [](DType dtype) -> MGBDType {
                switch (dtype.enumv()) {
                    case DTypeEnum::Float32:
                        return MGB_DTYPE_FLOAT32;
                    case DTypeEnum::Int32:
                        return MGB_DTYPE_INT32;
                    case DTypeEnum::Int16:
                        return MGB_DTYPE_INT16;
                    case DTypeEnum::Uint8:
                        return MGB_DTYPE_UINT8;
#if !MEGDNN_DISABLE_FLOAT16
                    case DTypeEnum::Float16:
                        return MGB_DTYPE_FLOAT16;
#endif
                    default:
                        mgb_throw(InternalError,
                                  "unsupported dtype for extern C API: %s",
                                  dtype.name());
                }
            };

            auto tensor_shape_to_c = [](const TensorShape& shape,
                                        MGBTensorShape& mgb_shape) {
                mgb_assert(shape.ndim <= MGB_TENSOR_MAX_NDIM,
                           "shape ndim too large: %zu", shape.ndim);
                mgb_shape.ndim = shape.ndim;
                for (size_t i = 0; i < shape.ndim; ++i) {
                    mgb_shape.shape[i] = shape[i];
                }
            };

            if (env.c_opr_args.is_run_c_opr_with_param) {
                c_opr_param = std::make_shared<ExternCOprParam>();
                memset(c_opr_param.get(), 0, sizeof(ExternCOprParam));
                //! we just test input on npu case, do not test output on
                //! npu case, so we just init input shape and type
                c_opr_param->nr_input = inp_tensors.size();
                c_opr_param->input = (ExternDeviceTensor*)malloc(
                        sizeof(ExternDeviceTensor) * inp_tensors.size());
                memset(c_opr_param->input, 0,
                       sizeof(ExternDeviceTensor) * inp_tensors.size());
                //! init input ExternDeviceTensor shape and dtype
                for (size_t input_index = 0; input_index < inp_tensors.size();
                     input_index++) {
                    auto& mgb_tensor_layout =
                            c_opr_param->input[input_index].layout;
                    auto host_tensor_nd_p = inp_tensors[input_index].second;
                    mgb_tensor_layout.dtype =
                            dtype_cpp2c(host_tensor_nd_p->dtype());
                    tensor_shape_to_c(inp_tensors[input_index].second->shape(),
                                      mgb_tensor_layout.shape);
                }
                c_opr_param->nr_output = 0;
                //! now call copr_param_device_ptr_malloc to malloc
                //! device_ptr
                env.c_opr_args.copr_param_device_ptr_malloc(c_opr_param.get());
            }

            loader = serialization::GraphLoader::make(
                    loader->reset_file(), loader->format());
            auto testcase = loader->load(env.load_config, false);
            mgb_assert(testcase.output_var_list.size() == inp_tensors.size());
            for (size_t i = 0; i < inp_tensors.size(); ++ i) {
                auto &&opr = testcase.output_var_list[i].node()->owner_opr()->
                    cast_final_safe<opr::SharedDeviceTensor>();
                if (env.c_opr_args.is_run_c_opr_with_param) {
                    //! now call copr_param_device_ptr_h2d to fill data
                    env.c_opr_args.copr_param_device_ptr_h2d(
                            c_opr_param.get(), opr.dev_data()->raw_ptr(), i);
                } else {
                    inp_tensors[i].second->copy_from(
                            HostTensorND::make_proxy(*opr.dev_data()));
                }
            }
            //! now config c opr dynamic param
            if (env.c_opr_args.is_run_c_opr_with_param) {
                config_extern_c_opr_dynamic_param(func, c_opr_param);
            }

            if (!i) {
                warmup();
            }

            timer.reset();
            printf("=== going to run test #%u for %d times\n", i, env.nr_run);
            if (!env.nr_run) {
                continue;
            }
            tot_time += run_iters(i);

            //! now free c opr device_ptr
            if (env.c_opr_args.is_run_c_opr_with_param) {
                env.c_opr_args.copr_param_device_ptr_free(c_opr_param.get());
                free(c_opr_param->input);
            }
        }

        printf("=== total time: %.3fms\n", tot_time);
    } else if (not env.data_files.empty()) {
        mgb_assert(!env.c_opr_args.is_run_c_opr_with_param,
                   "run c opr with param only support dump_with_testcase!!");
        auto& tensormap = env.load_ret.tensor_map;

        DataParser parser;
        for (auto path : env.data_files) {
            parser.feed(path);
        }
        auto inputs = parser.inputs;
        if (inputs.size() > 1) {
            for (auto& i : inputs) {
                mgb_assert(tensormap.find(i.first) != tensormap.end());

                auto& in = tensormap.find(i.first)->second;
                in->copy_from(i.second);
            }
        } else {
            auto& in = tensormap.begin()->second;
            in->copy_from(inputs.begin()->second);
        }

        warmup();
        timer.reset();
        printf("=== going to run input for %d times\n", env.nr_run);
        run_iters(0);
    } else {
        mgb_assert(!env.c_opr_args.is_run_c_opr_with_param,
                   "run c opr with param only support dump_with_testcase!!");
        // run speed test for a raw mgb graph
        mgb_assert(env.load_ret.tensor_map.empty(),
                "model should not require input values; input vars should be "
                "replaced by SharedDeviceTensor "
                "(i.e. megskull.opr.ParamProvider)");

        warmup();
        timer.reset();
        printf("=== going to run for %d times; output vars: %s\n",
                env.nr_run, output_names.c_str());
        for (int i = 0; i < env.nr_run; ++ i) {
            mgb_log_debug("load_and_run: before benchmark iter %d", i);
            auto start = timer.get_msecs();
            func->execute().wait();
            output_dumper.write_to_file();
            printf("=== finished run #%d: time=%.3fms\n", i,
                    timer.get_msecs() - start);
            fflush(stdout);
        }
        printf("avg time: %.3fms\n", timer.get_msecs() / env.nr_run);
    }

#if MGB_ENABLE_JSON
    if (env.profiler) {
        env.profiler->to_json_full(func.get())->writeto_fpath(
                env.profiler_output);
        mgb_log("profiling result written to %s", env.profiler_output.c_str());
    }
#endif
#if MGB_ENABLE_FASTRUN
    if (!env.fast_run_cache_path.empty()) {
        static_cast<InFilePersistentCache&>(PersistentCache::inst())
                .dump_cache(env.fast_run_cache_path.c_str());
    }
#endif
#if MGB_ENABLE_TENSOR_RT
    if (TensorRTEngineCache::enable_engine_cache()) {
        TensorRTEngineCache::inst().dump_cache();
    }
#endif
}

}  // anonymous namespace

int mgb_load_and_run_main(int argc, char** argv) {
    {
        auto v0 = get_version();
        auto v1 = megdnn::get_version();
        printf("mgb load-and-run: using MegBrain "
               "%d.%d.%d(%d) and MegDNN %d.%d.%d\n",
               v0.major, v0.minor, v0.patch, v0.is_dev, v1.major, v1.minor,
               v1.patch);
    }
    auto env = Args::from_argv(argc, argv);

    if (env.c_opr_args.is_run_c_opr_with_param)
        mgb_assert(env.c_opr_args.is_run_c_opr &&
                           env.c_opr_args.copr_param_device_ptr_malloc &&
                           env.c_opr_args.copr_param_device_ptr_free &&
                           env.c_opr_args.copr_param_device_ptr_h2d,
                   "--c-opr-lib-with-param need config with --c-opr-lib, also "
                   "extern c opr loader need implemente "
                   "copr_param_device_ptr_malloc, copr_param_device_ptr_free "
                   "and copr_param_device_ptr_h2d symbols");

    if (env.args_parse_ret != 0) {
        return env.args_parse_ret;
    }

    if (env.nr_thread == 1) {
        run_test_st(env);
    } else {
#if MGB_HAVE_THREAD
        mgb_log_warn("use %d threads", env.nr_thread);
        std::vector<std::thread> threads;
        auto run = [argc, argv]() {
            auto env = Args::from_argv(argc, argv);
            run_test_st(env);
        };

        for (int i = 0; i < env.nr_thread; ++i) {
            threads.emplace_back(run);
        }

        for (auto&& i : threads) {
            i.join();
        }
#else
        mgb_log_error("%d threads requested, but load-and-run was compiled "
                      "without thread support.");
#endif
    }

    return 0;
}

Args Args::from_argv(int argc, char **argv) {
    Args ret;
    if (argc < 2) {
        printf("usage: %s <model file> [options...]\nWhere options are:%s",
               argv[0], OPTIONS_DESC);
        ret.args_parse_ret = -1;
        return ret;
    }
    set_log_level(LogLevel::WARN);
    ret.model_path = argv[1];
    ret.load_config.comp_graph = ComputingGraph::make();
    auto &&graph_opt = ret.load_config.comp_graph->options();
    graph_opt.graph_opt_level = 0;

    for (int i = 2; i < argc; ++ i) {
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--cpu")) {
            mgb_log_warn("use cpu mode");
            ret.load_config.comp_node_mapper = [](CompNode::Locator &loc) {
                loc.type = CompNode::DeviceType::CPU;
            };
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--cpu-default")) {
            mgb_log_warn("use cpu:default mode");
            ret.load_config.comp_node_mapper = [](CompNode::Locator &loc) {
                loc.type = CompNode::DeviceType::CPU;
                loc.device = CompNode::Locator::DEVICE_CPU_DEFAULT;
            };
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--multithread")) {
            mgb_log_warn("use multithread mode");
            ++ i;
            ret.multithread_number = std::stoi(argv[i]);
            ret.load_config.comp_node_mapper =
                    [nr_threads =
                             ret.multithread_number](CompNode::Locator& loc) {
                        loc.type = CompNode::DeviceType::MULTITHREAD;
                        loc.device = 0;
                        loc.stream = nr_threads;
                    };
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--multithread-default")) {
            mgb_log_warn("use multithread:default mode");
            ++i;
            ret.multithread_number = std::stoi(argv[i]);
            ret.load_config.comp_node_mapper = [nr_threads =
                                                        ret.multithread_number](
                                                       CompNode::Locator& loc) {
                loc.type = CompNode::DeviceType::MULTITHREAD;
                loc.device = CompNode::Locator::DEVICE_MULTITHREAD_DEFAULT;
                loc.nr_threads = nr_threads;
            };
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--multi-thread-core-ids")) {
            ++i;
            std::string core_id_string = argv[i];
            std::stringstream input_stringstream(core_id_string);
            std::string id;
            size_t nr_threads = 0;
            std::vector<int> core_ids;
            mgb_log_warn("multi thread core ids: %s", core_id_string.c_str());
            while(getline(input_stringstream, id, ',')) {
                nr_threads++;
                core_ids.push_back(atoi(id.c_str()));
            }
            mgb_assert(ret.multithread_number > 0 &&
                               ret.load_config.comp_node_mapper,
                       "the core id should set behind the --multithread param");
            mgb_assert(static_cast<size_t>(ret.multithread_number) ==
                               core_ids.size(),
                       "the core id should equal to the multi thread number");
            auto affinity_cb = [core_ids](int thread_id) {
                mgb::sys::set_cpu_affinity({core_ids[thread_id]});
            };
            CompNode::Locator loc;
            ret.load_config.comp_node_mapper(loc);
            mgb_assert(loc.type == CompNode::DeviceType::MULTITHREAD,
                       "core id only set on multithread compnode");
            auto cn = CompNode::load(loc);
            CompNodeEnv::from_comp_node(cn).cpu_env().set_affinity(affinity_cb);
            continue;
        }
#if MGB_ENABLE_TENSOR_RT
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--tensorrt")) {
            mgb_log_warn("use tensorrt mode");
            graph_opt.graph_opt.tensorrt = true;
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--tensorrt-cache")) {
            ++i;
            mgb_assert(i < argc, "value not given for --tensorrt-cache");
            char* tensorrt_cache_path = argv[i];
            mgb_log_warn("use tensorrt cache: %s", tensorrt_cache_path);
            TensorRTEngineCache::enable_engine_cache(true);
            TensorRTEngineCache::set_impl(
                    std::make_shared<TensorRTEngineCacheIO>(
                            tensorrt_cache_path));
            continue;
        }
#endif

#define cb(_layout)                                       \
    if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--enable-" #_layout)) {         \
        mgb_log_warn("enable " #_layout " optimization"); \
        graph_opt.graph_opt.enable_##_layout();           \
        continue;                                         \
    }

        cb(nchw4);
        cb(chwn4);
        cb(nchw44);
        cb(nchw88);
        cb(nchw32);
        cb(nhwcd4);
#undef cb
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--enable-nchw44-dot")) {
            mgb_log_warn("enable-nchw44-dot optimization");
            graph_opt.graph_opt.enable_nchw44_dot();
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--enable-fuse-preprocess")) {
            mgb_log_warn("enable-fuse-preprocess optimization");
            graph_opt.graph_opt.enable_fuse_preprocess();
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--enable-fuse-conv-bias-nonlinearity")) {
            mgb_log_warn("enable fuse-conv-bias-nonlinearity optimization");
            graph_opt.graph_opt.enable_fuse_conv_bias_nonlinearity();
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--enable-fuse-conv-bias-with-z")) {
            mgb_log_warn("enable fuse_conv_bias_with_z optimization");
            graph_opt.graph_opt.enable_fuse_conv_bias_with_z();
            continue;
        }
#if MGB_ENABLE_JSON
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--profile") ||
            !strcmp(argv[i], "--profile-host")) {
            if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--profile")) {
                mgb_log_warn("enable profiling");
            } else {
                mgb_log_warn("enable profiling for host");
            }
            ++i;
            mgb_assert(i < argc, "output file not given for --profile");
            ret.profiler = std::make_unique<GraphProfiler>(
                    ret.load_config.comp_graph.get());
            ret.profiler_output = argv[i];
            continue;
        }
#endif
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--input")) {
            ++i;
            mgb_assert(i < argc, "input file not given for --input");

            size_t start = 0;
            std::string cmd = argv[i];

            while (true) {
                auto end = cmd.find(";", start);
                if (end == std::string::npos) {
                    ret.data_files.emplace_back(cmd.substr(start));
                    break;
                }
                std::string substr = cmd.substr(start, end - start);
                ret.data_files.emplace_back(substr);
                start = end + 1;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--io-dump")) {
            mgb_log_warn("enable opr io dump");
            ++ i;
            mgb_assert(i < argc, "output file not given for --io-dump");
            auto iodump = std::make_unique<TextOprIODump>(
                    ret.load_config.comp_graph.get(), argv[i]);
            iodump->print_addr(false);
            ret.iodump = std::move(iodump);
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--io-dump-stdout")) {
            mgb_log_warn("enable opr io dump to stdout");
            std::shared_ptr<FILE> sp(stdout, [](FILE*){});
            auto iodump = std::make_unique<TextOprIODump>(
                    ret.load_config.comp_graph.get(), sp);
            iodump->print_addr(false);
            ret.iodump = std::move(iodump);
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--io-dump-stderr")) {
            mgb_log_warn("enable opr io dump to stderr");
            std::shared_ptr<FILE> sp(stderr, [](FILE*){});
            auto iodump = std::make_unique<TextOprIODump>(
                    ret.load_config.comp_graph.get(), sp);
            iodump->print_addr(false);
            ret.iodump = std::move(iodump);
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--bin-io-dump")) {
            mgb_log_warn("enable opr binary io dump");
            ++ i;
            mgb_assert(i < argc,
                    "output directory not given for --bin-io-dump");
            ret.iodump = std::make_unique<BinaryOprIODump>(
                    ret.load_config.comp_graph.get(), argv[i]);
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--bin-out-dump")) {
            ++ i;
            mgb_assert(i < argc,
                    "output directory not given for --bin-out-dump");
            ret.bin_out_dump = argv[i];
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--iter")) {
            ++ i;
            mgb_assert(i < argc, "value not given for --iter");
            ret.nr_run = std::stoi(argv[i]);
            mgb_assert(ret.nr_run >= 0);
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--warmup-iter")) {
            ++ i;
            mgb_assert(i < argc, "value not given for --warmup-iter");
            ret.nr_warmup = std::stoi(argv[i]);
            mgb_assert(ret.nr_warmup >= 0);
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--range")) {
            ++ i;
            mgb_assert(i < argc, "value not given for --range");
            auto range = std::atof(argv[i]);
            mgb_assert(range > 0);
            ret.num_range_checker = std::make_unique<NumRangeChecker>(
                    ret.load_config.comp_graph.get(), range);
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--check-dispatch")) {
            ret.cpu_dispatch_checker =
                std::make_unique<CPUDispatchChecker>(
                        ret.load_config.comp_graph.get());
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--disable-mem-opt")) {
            graph_opt.seq_opt.enable_mem_reuse_alloc = false;
            graph_opt.seq_opt.enable_mem_plan_opt = false;
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--copy-to-host")) {
            ret.copy_to_host = true;
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--verbose")) {
            graph_opt.log_level = 2;
            set_log_level(LogLevel::DEBUG);
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--check-var-value")) {
            ++ i;
            mgb_assert(i < argc, "value not given for --check-var-value");
            std::string arg(argv[i]);
            auto sep = arg.find(':');
            size_t switch_interval, start = 0;
            if (sep != std::string::npos) {
                switch_interval = std::stoul(arg.substr(0, sep));
                start = std::stoul(arg.substr(sep + 1));
            } else {
                switch_interval = std::stoul(arg);
            }
            ret.var_value_checker = std::make_unique<VarValueChecker>(
                    ret.load_config.comp_graph.get(), switch_interval, start);
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-sanity-check")) {
            graph_opt.var_sanity_check_first_run = false;
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--fake-first")) {
            graph_opt.fake_next_exec = true;
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--record-comp-seq")) {
            graph_opt.comp_node_seq_record_level = 1;
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--record-comp-seq2")) {
            graph_opt.comp_node_seq_record_level = 2;
            continue;
        }
#if MGB_ENABLE_FASTRUN
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--fast-run")) {
            ret.use_fast_run = true;
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--full-run")) {
            ret.use_full_run = true;
            continue;
        }
#endif
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--fast-run-algo-policy")) {
            ++i;
            ret.fast_run_cache_path = argv[i];
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--reproducible")) {
            ret.reproducible = true;
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--const-shape")) {
            ret.load_config.const_var_shape = true;
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--share-param-mem")) {
            ret.share_param_mem = true;
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--disable-assert-throw")) {
            ret.disable_assert_throw = true;
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--workspace-limit")) {
            ++i;
            ret.workspace_limit = std::stoll(argv[i]);
            continue;
        }
#if __linux__ || __unix__
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--wait-gdb")) {
            printf("wait for gdb attach (pid=%d): ", getpid());
            getchar();
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--c-opr-lib")) {
            ++ i;
            ret.c_opr_args.is_run_c_opr = true;
            mgb_assert(i < argc, "value not given for --c-opr-lib");
            auto handle = dlopen(argv[i], RTLD_LAZY);
            mgb_assert(handle, "failed to open c opr lib %s: %s",
                    argv[i], dlerror());
            const char* entry = MGB_C_OPR_INIT_FUNC_STR;
            auto func = dlsym(handle, entry);
            mgb_assert(func, "can not resolve %s: %s", entry, dlerror());
            typedef void (*entry_f_t)(void*);
            reinterpret_cast<entry_f_t>(func)(
                    reinterpret_cast<void*>(
                        &mgb_get_extern_c_opr_api_versioned));
            printf("loaded C opr library: %s\n", argv[i]);

            entry = "copr_param_device_ptr_malloc";
            func = dlsym(handle, entry);
            if (func) {
                printf("get %s from: %s\n", entry, argv[i]);
                ret.c_opr_args.copr_param_device_ptr_malloc =
                        reinterpret_cast<COprArgs::COPR_PARAM_DEVICE_PTR_MEM_T>(
                                func);
            }
            entry = "copr_param_device_ptr_free";
            func = dlsym(handle, entry);
            if (func) {
                printf("get %s from: %s\n", entry, argv[i]);
                ret.c_opr_args.copr_param_device_ptr_free =
                        reinterpret_cast<COprArgs::COPR_PARAM_DEVICE_PTR_MEM_T>(
                                func);
            }
            entry = "copr_param_device_ptr_h2d";
            func = dlsym(handle, entry);
            if (func) {
                printf("get %s from: %s\n", entry, argv[i]);
                ret.c_opr_args.copr_param_device_ptr_h2d =
                        reinterpret_cast<COprArgs::COPR_PARAM_DEVICE_PTR_H2D_T>(
                                func);
            }

            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--c-opr-lib-with-param")) {
            ret.c_opr_args.is_run_c_opr_with_param = true;
            continue;
        }
#endif
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--thread")) {
            ++ i;
            mgb_assert(i < argc, "value not given for --thread");
            ret.nr_thread = std::stoi(argv[i]);
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--enable-jit")) {
            graph_opt.graph_opt.jit = 1;
            continue;
        }
        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--weight-preprocess")) {
            mgb_log_warn("enable weight-preprocess optimization");
            graph_opt.graph_opt.enable_weight_preprocess();
            continue;
        }

        fprintf(stderr, "invalid arg: %s\n", argv[i]);
        ret.args_parse_ret = -1;
        return ret;
    }

    return ret;
}

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