autogen/python/packages/autogen-ext/tests/models/test_openai_model_client.py

import asyncio
import json
import logging
import os
from typing import Annotated, Any, AsyncGenerator, Dict, List, Literal, Tuple, TypeVar, get_args
from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock

import httpx
import pytest
from autogen_agentchat.agents import AssistantAgent
from autogen_agentchat.messages import MultiModalMessage
from autogen_core import CancellationToken, FunctionCall, Image
from autogen_core.models import (
    AssistantMessage,
    CreateResult,
    FunctionExecutionResult,
    FunctionExecutionResultMessage,
    LLMMessage,
    ModelInfo,
    RequestUsage,
    SystemMessage,
    UserMessage,
)
from autogen_core.models._model_client import ModelFamily
from autogen_core.tools import BaseTool, FunctionTool
from autogen_ext.models.openai import AzureOpenAIChatCompletionClient, OpenAIChatCompletionClient
from autogen_ext.models.openai._model_info import resolve_model
from autogen_ext.models.openai._openai_client import (
    BaseOpenAIChatCompletionClient,
    calculate_vision_tokens,
    convert_tools,
    to_oai_type,
)
from autogen_ext.models.openai._transformation import TransformerMap, get_transformer
from autogen_ext.models.openai._transformation.registry import _find_model_family  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
from openai.lib.streaming.chat import AsyncChatCompletionStreamManager
from openai.resources.chat.completions import AsyncCompletions
from openai.types.chat.chat_completion import ChatCompletion, Choice
from openai.types.chat.chat_completion_chunk import (
    ChatCompletionChunk,
    ChoiceDelta,
    ChoiceDeltaToolCall,
    ChoiceDeltaToolCallFunction,
)
from openai.types.chat.chat_completion_chunk import (
    Choice as ChunkChoice,
)
from openai.types.chat.chat_completion_message import ChatCompletionMessage
from openai.types.chat.chat_completion_message_function_tool_call import (
    ChatCompletionMessageFunctionToolCall as _FuncToolCall,
)
from openai.types.chat.chat_completion_message_function_tool_call import Function as _TypedFunction  # type: ignore
from openai.types.chat.parsed_chat_completion import (
    ParsedChatCompletion,
    ParsedChatCompletionMessage,
    ParsedChoice,
)
from openai.types.chat.parsed_function_tool_call import ParsedFunction, ParsedFunctionToolCall
from openai.types.completion_usage import CompletionUsage
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

# Provide a constructible alias for tests compatible with OpenAI 1.99 types
ChatCompletionMessageToolCall = _FuncToolCall  # type: ignore[assignment]

# Use the typed Pydantic model directly so .construct and call both work
Function = _TypedFunction  # type: ignore[assignment]


ResponseFormatT = TypeVar("ResponseFormatT", bound=BaseModel)


def _pass_function(input: str) -> str:
    return "pass"


async def _fail_function(input: str) -> str:
    return "fail"


async def _echo_function(input: str) -> str:
    return input


class MyResult(BaseModel):
    result: str = Field(description="The other description.")


class MyArgs(BaseModel):
    query: str = Field(description="The description.")


class MockChunkDefinition(BaseModel):
    # defining elements for diffentiating mocking chunks
    chunk_choice: ChunkChoice
    usage: CompletionUsage | None


class MockChunkEvent(BaseModel):
    type: Literal["chunk"]
    chunk: ChatCompletionChunk


async def _mock_create_stream(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> AsyncGenerator[ChatCompletionChunk, None]:
    model = resolve_model(kwargs.get("model", "gpt-4.1-nano"))
    mock_chunks_content = ["Hello", " Another Hello", " Yet Another Hello"]

    # The openai api implementations (OpenAI and Litellm) stream chunks of tokens
    # with content as string, and then at the end a token with stop set and finally if
    # usage requested with `"stream_options": {"include_usage": True}` a chunk with the usage data
    mock_chunks = [
        # generate the list of mock chunk content
        MockChunkDefinition(
            chunk_choice=ChunkChoice(
                finish_reason=None,
                index=0,
                delta=ChoiceDelta(
                    content=mock_chunk_content,
                    role="assistant",
                ),
            ),
            usage=None,
        )
        for mock_chunk_content in mock_chunks_content
    ] + [
        # generate the stop chunk
        MockChunkDefinition(
            chunk_choice=ChunkChoice(
                finish_reason="stop",
                index=0,
                delta=ChoiceDelta(
                    content=None,
                    role="assistant",
                ),
            ),
            usage=None,
        )
    ]
    # generate the usage chunk if configured
    if kwargs.get("stream_options", {}).get("include_usage") is True:
        mock_chunks = mock_chunks + [
            # ---- API differences
            # OPENAI API does NOT create a choice
            # LITELLM (proxy) DOES create a choice
            # Not simulating all the API options, just implementing the LITELLM variant
            MockChunkDefinition(
                chunk_choice=ChunkChoice(
                    finish_reason=None,
                    index=0,
                    delta=ChoiceDelta(
                        content=None,
                        role="assistant",
                    ),
                ),
                usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=3, completion_tokens=3, total_tokens=6),
            )
        ]
    elif kwargs.get("stream_options", {}).get("include_usage") is False:
        pass
    else:
        pass

    for mock_chunk in mock_chunks:
        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
        yield ChatCompletionChunk(
            id="id",
            choices=[mock_chunk.chunk_choice],
            created=0,
            model=model,
            object="chat.completion.chunk",
            usage=mock_chunk.usage,
        )


async def _mock_create(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> ChatCompletion | AsyncGenerator[ChatCompletionChunk, None]:
    stream = kwargs.get("stream", False)
    model = resolve_model(kwargs.get("model", "gpt-4.1-nano"))
    if not stream:
        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
        return ChatCompletion(
            id="id",
            choices=[
                Choice(finish_reason="stop", index=0, message=ChatCompletionMessage(content="Hello", role="assistant"))
            ],
            created=0,
            model=model,
            object="chat.completion",
            usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=0, completion_tokens=0, total_tokens=0),
        )
    else:
        return _mock_create_stream(*args, **kwargs)


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_chat_completion_client() -> None:
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gpt-4.1-nano", api_key="api_key")
    assert client


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_chat_completion_client_with_gemini_model() -> None:
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gemini-1.5-flash", api_key="api_key")
    assert client


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_chat_completion_client_serialization() -> None:
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gpt-4.1-nano", api_key="sk-password")
    assert client
    config = client.dump_component()
    assert config
    assert "sk-password" not in str(config)
    serialized_config = config.model_dump_json()
    assert serialized_config
    assert "sk-password" not in serialized_config
    client2 = OpenAIChatCompletionClient.load_component(config)
    assert client2


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_chat_completion_client_raise_on_unknown_model() -> None:
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="model_info is required"):
        _ = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="unknown", api_key="api_key")


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_custom_model_with_capabilities() -> None:
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="model_info is required"):
        client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="dummy_model", base_url="https://api.dummy.com/v0", api_key="api_key")

    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model="dummy_model",
        base_url="https://api.dummy.com/v0",
        api_key="api_key",
        model_info={
            "vision": False,
            "function_calling": False,
            "json_output": False,
            "family": ModelFamily.UNKNOWN,
            "structured_output": False,
        },
    )
    assert client


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_azure_openai_chat_completion_client() -> None:
    client = AzureOpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        azure_deployment="gpt-4o-1",
        model="gpt-4o",
        api_key="api_key",
        api_version="2020-08-04",
        azure_endpoint="https://dummy.com",
        model_info={
            "vision": True,
            "function_calling": True,
            "json_output": True,
            "family": ModelFamily.GPT_4O,
            "structured_output": True,
        },
    )
    assert client


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_chat_completion_client_create(
    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
) -> None:
    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create)
    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
        client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gpt-4o", api_key="api_key")
        result = await client.create(messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")])
        assert result.content == "Hello"
        assert "LLMCall" in caplog.text and "Hello" in caplog.text


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_chat_completion_client_create_stream_with_usage(
    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture
) -> None:
    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create)
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gpt-4o", api_key="api_key")
    chunks: List[str | CreateResult] = []
    # Check that include_usage works when set via create_args
    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
        async for chunk in client.create_stream(
            messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")],
            # include_usage not the default of the OPENAI API and must be explicitly set
            extra_create_args={"stream_options": {"include_usage": True}},
        ):
            chunks.append(chunk)

        assert "LLMStreamStart" in caplog.text
        assert "LLMStreamEnd" in caplog.text

        assert chunks[0] == "Hello"
        assert chunks[1] == " Another Hello"
        assert chunks[2] == " Yet Another Hello"
        assert isinstance(chunks[-1], CreateResult)
        assert isinstance(chunks[-1].content, str)
        assert chunks[-1].content == "Hello Another Hello Yet Another Hello"
        assert chunks[-1].content in caplog.text
        assert chunks[-1].usage == RequestUsage(prompt_tokens=3, completion_tokens=3)

    chunks = []
    # Check that include_usage works when set via include_usage flag
    with caplog.at_level(logging.INFO):
        async for chunk in client.create_stream(
            messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")],
            include_usage=True,
        ):
            chunks.append(chunk)

        assert "LLMStreamStart" in caplog.text
        assert "LLMStreamEnd" in caplog.text

        assert chunks[0] == "Hello"
        assert chunks[1] == " Another Hello"
        assert chunks[2] == " Yet Another Hello"
        assert isinstance(chunks[-1], CreateResult)
        assert isinstance(chunks[-1].content, str)
        assert chunks[-1].content == "Hello Another Hello Yet Another Hello"
        assert chunks[-1].content in caplog.text
        assert chunks[-1].usage == RequestUsage(prompt_tokens=3, completion_tokens=3)

    chunks = []
    # Check that setting both flags to different values raises an exception

    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        async for chunk in client.create_stream(
            messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")],
            extra_create_args={"stream_options": {"include_usage": False}},
            include_usage=True,
        ):
            chunks.append(chunk)


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_chat_completion_client_create_stream_no_usage_default(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create)
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gpt-4o", api_key="api_key")
    chunks: List[str | CreateResult] = []
    async for chunk in client.create_stream(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")],
        # include_usage not the default of the OPENAI APIis ,
        # it can be explicitly set
        # or just not declared which is the default
        # extra_create_args={"stream_options": {"include_usage": False}},
    ):
        chunks.append(chunk)
    assert chunks[0] == "Hello"
    assert chunks[1] == " Another Hello"
    assert chunks[2] == " Yet Another Hello"
    assert isinstance(chunks[-1], CreateResult)
    assert chunks[-1].content == "Hello Another Hello Yet Another Hello"
    assert chunks[-1].usage == RequestUsage(prompt_tokens=0, completion_tokens=0)


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_chat_completion_client_create_stream_no_usage_explicit(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create)
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gpt-4o", api_key="api_key")
    chunks: List[str | CreateResult] = []
    async for chunk in client.create_stream(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")],
        # include_usage is not the default of the OPENAI API ,
        # it can be explicitly set
        # or just not declared which is the default
        extra_create_args={"stream_options": {"include_usage": False}},
    ):
        chunks.append(chunk)
    assert chunks[0] == "Hello"
    assert chunks[1] == " Another Hello"
    assert chunks[2] == " Yet Another Hello"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_chat_completion_client_none_usage(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    """Test that completion_tokens and prompt_tokens handle None usage correctly.

    This test addresses issue #6352 where result.usage could be None,
    causing TypeError in logging when trying to access completion_tokens.
    """

    async def _mock_create_with_none_usage(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> ChatCompletion:
        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
        # Create a ChatCompletion with None usage (which can happen in some API scenarios)
        return ChatCompletion(
            id="id",
            choices=[
                Choice(finish_reason="stop", index=0, message=ChatCompletionMessage(content="Hello", role="assistant"))
            ],
            created=0,
            model="gpt-4o",
            object="chat.completion",
            usage=None,  # This is the scenario from the issue
        )

    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create_with_none_usage)
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gpt-4o", api_key="api_key")

    # This should not raise a TypeError
    result = await client.create(messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")])

    # Verify that the usage is correctly set to 0 when usage is None
    assert result.usage.prompt_tokens == 0
    assert result.usage.completion_tokens == 0


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_chat_completion_client_create_cancel(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create)
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gpt-4o", api_key="api_key")
    cancellation_token = CancellationToken()
    task = asyncio.create_task(
        client.create(messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")], cancellation_token=cancellation_token)
    )
    cancellation_token.cancel()
    with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
        await task


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_chat_completion_client_create_stream_cancel(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create)
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gpt-4o", api_key="api_key")
    cancellation_token = CancellationToken()
    stream = client.create_stream(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")], cancellation_token=cancellation_token
    )
    assert await anext(stream)
    cancellation_token.cancel()
    with pytest.raises(asyncio.CancelledError):
        async for _ in stream:
            pass


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_chat_completion_client_count_tokens(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gpt-4o", api_key="api_key")
    messages: List[LLMMessage] = [
        SystemMessage(content="Hello"),
        UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user"),
        AssistantMessage(content="Hello", source="assistant"),
        UserMessage(
            content=[
                "str1",
                Image.from_base64(
                    "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAIAAACQd1PeAAAADElEQVR4nGP4z8AAAAMBAQDJ/pLvAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"
                ),
            ],
            source="user",
        ),
        FunctionExecutionResultMessage(
            content=[FunctionExecutionResult(content="Hello", call_id="1", is_error=False, name="tool1")]
        ),
    ]

    def tool1(test: str, test2: str) -> str:
        return test + test2

    def tool2(test1: int, test2: List[int]) -> str:
        return str(test1) + str(test2)

    tools = [FunctionTool(tool1, description="example tool 1"), FunctionTool(tool2, description="example tool 2")]

    mockcalculate_vision_tokens = MagicMock()
    monkeypatch.setattr("autogen_ext.models.openai._openai_client.calculate_vision_tokens", mockcalculate_vision_tokens)

    num_tokens = client.count_tokens(messages, tools=tools)
    assert num_tokens

    # Check that calculate_vision_tokens was called
    mockcalculate_vision_tokens.assert_called_once()

    remaining_tokens = client.remaining_tokens(messages, tools=tools)
    assert remaining_tokens


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "mock_size, expected_num_tokens",
    [
        ((1, 1), 255),
        ((512, 512), 255),
        ((2048, 512), 765),
        ((2048, 2048), 765),
        ((512, 1024), 425),
    ],
)
def test_openai_count_image_tokens(mock_size: Tuple[int, int], expected_num_tokens: int) -> None:
    # Step 1: Mock the Image class with only the 'image' attribute
    mock_image_attr = MagicMock()
    mock_image_attr.size = mock_size

    mock_image = MagicMock()
    mock_image.image = mock_image_attr

    # Directly call calculate_vision_tokens and check the result
    calculated_tokens = calculate_vision_tokens(mock_image, detail="auto")
    assert calculated_tokens == expected_num_tokens


def test_convert_tools_accepts_both_func_tool_and_schema() -> None:
    def my_function(arg: str, other: Annotated[int, "int arg"], nonrequired: int = 5) -> MyResult:
        return MyResult(result="test")

    tool = FunctionTool(my_function, description="Function tool.")
    schema = tool.schema

    converted_tool_schema = convert_tools([tool, schema])

    assert len(converted_tool_schema) == 2
    assert converted_tool_schema[0] == converted_tool_schema[1]


def test_convert_tools_accepts_both_tool_and_schema() -> None:
    class MyTool(BaseTool[MyArgs, MyResult]):
        def __init__(self) -> None:
            super().__init__(
                args_type=MyArgs,
                return_type=MyResult,
                name="TestTool",
                description="Description of test tool.",
            )

        async def run(self, args: MyArgs, cancellation_token: CancellationToken) -> MyResult:
            return MyResult(result="value")

    tool = MyTool()
    schema = tool.schema

    converted_tool_schema = convert_tools([tool, schema])

    assert len(converted_tool_schema) == 2
    assert converted_tool_schema[0] == converted_tool_schema[1]


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_json_mode(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    model = "gpt-4.1-nano-2025-04-14"

    called_args = {}

    async def _mock_create(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> ChatCompletion:
        # Capture the arguments passed to the function
        called_args["kwargs"] = kwargs
        return ChatCompletion(
            id="id1",
            choices=[
                Choice(
                    finish_reason="stop",
                    index=0,
                    message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                        content=json.dumps({"thoughts": "happy", "response": "happy"}),
                        role="assistant",
                    ),
                )
            ],
            created=0,
            model=model,
            object="chat.completion",
            usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5, total_tokens=0),
        )

    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create)
    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model=model, api_key="")

    # Test that the openai client was called with the correct response format.
    create_result = await model_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")], json_output=True
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    response = json.loads(create_result.content)
    assert response["thoughts"] == "happy"
    assert response["response"] == "happy"
    assert called_args["kwargs"]["response_format"] == {"type": "json_object"}

    # Make sure that the response format is set to json_object when json_output is True, regardless of the extra_create_args.
    create_result = await model_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")],
        json_output=True,
        extra_create_args={"response_format": "json_object"},
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    response = json.loads(create_result.content)
    assert response["thoughts"] == "happy"
    assert response["response"] == "happy"
    assert called_args["kwargs"]["response_format"] == {"type": "json_object"}

    create_result = await model_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")],
        json_output=True,
        extra_create_args={"response_format": "text"},
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    response = json.loads(create_result.content)
    assert response["thoughts"] == "happy"
    assert response["response"] == "happy"
    # Check that the openai client was called with the correct response format.
    assert called_args["kwargs"]["response_format"] == {"type": "json_object"}

    # Make sure when json_output is set to False, the response format is always set to text.
    create_result = await model_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")],
        json_output=False,
        extra_create_args={"response_format": "text"},
    )
    assert called_args["kwargs"]["response_format"] == {"type": "text"}

    create_result = await model_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")],
        json_output=False,
        extra_create_args={"response_format": "json_object"},
    )
    assert called_args["kwargs"]["response_format"] == {"type": "text"}

    # Make sure when response_format is set it is used when json_output is not set.
    create_result = await model_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")],
        extra_create_args={"response_format": {"type": "json_object"}},
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    response = json.loads(create_result.content)
    assert response["thoughts"] == "happy"
    assert response["response"] == "happy"
    assert called_args["kwargs"]["response_format"] == {"type": "json_object"}


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_structured_output_using_response_format(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    class AgentResponse(BaseModel):
        thoughts: str
        response: Literal["happy", "sad", "neutral"]

    model = "gpt-4.1-nano-2025-04-14"

    called_args = {}

    async def _mock_create(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> ChatCompletion:
        # Capture the arguments passed to the function
        called_args["kwargs"] = kwargs
        return ChatCompletion(
            id="id1",
            choices=[
                Choice(
                    finish_reason="stop",
                    index=0,
                    message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                        content=json.dumps({"thoughts": "happy", "response": "happy"}),
                        role="assistant",
                    ),
                )
            ],
            created=0,
            model=model,
            object="chat.completion",
            usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5, total_tokens=0),
        )

    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create)

    # Scenario 1: response_format is set to constructor.
    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model=model,
        api_key="",
        response_format={
            "type": "json_schema",
            "json_schema": {
                "name": "test",
                "description": "test",
                "schema": AgentResponse.model_json_schema(),
            },
        },
    )

    create_result = await model_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")],
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    response = json.loads(create_result.content)
    assert response["thoughts"] == "happy"
    assert response["response"] == "happy"
    assert called_args["kwargs"]["response_format"]["type"] == "json_schema"

    # Test the response format can be serailized and deserialized.
    config = model_client.dump_component()
    assert config
    loaded_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient.load_component(config)

    create_result = await loaded_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")],
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    response = json.loads(create_result.content)
    assert response["thoughts"] == "happy"
    assert response["response"] == "happy"
    assert called_args["kwargs"]["response_format"]["type"] == "json_schema"

    # Scenario 2: response_format is set to a extra_create_args.
    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model=model, api_key="")
    create_result = await model_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")],
        extra_create_args={
            "response_format": {
                "type": "json_schema",
                "json_schema": {
                    "name": "test",
                    "description": "test",
                    "schema": AgentResponse.model_json_schema(),
                },
            }
        },
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    response = json.loads(create_result.content)
    assert response["thoughts"] == "happy"
    assert response["response"] == "happy"
    assert called_args["kwargs"]["response_format"]["type"] == "json_schema"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_structured_output(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    class AgentResponse(BaseModel):
        thoughts: str
        response: Literal["happy", "sad", "neutral"]

    model = "gpt-4.1-nano-2025-04-14"

    async def _mock_parse(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> ParsedChatCompletion[AgentResponse]:
        return ParsedChatCompletion(
            id="id1",
            choices=[
                ParsedChoice(
                    finish_reason="stop",
                    index=0,
                    message=ParsedChatCompletionMessage(
                        content=json.dumps(
                            {
                                "thoughts": "The user explicitly states that they are happy without any indication of sadness or neutrality.",
                                "response": "happy",
                            }
                        ),
                        role="assistant",
                    ),
                )
            ],
            created=0,
            model=model,
            object="chat.completion",
            usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5, total_tokens=0),
        )

    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "parse", _mock_parse)

    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model=model,
        api_key="",
    )

    # Test that the openai client was called with the correct response format.
    create_result = await model_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")], json_output=AgentResponse
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    response = AgentResponse.model_validate(json.loads(create_result.content))
    assert (
        response.thoughts
        == "The user explicitly states that they are happy without any indication of sadness or neutrality."
    )
    assert response.response == "happy"

    # Test that a warning will be raise if response_format is set to a dict.
    with pytest.warns(
        UserWarning,
        match="response_format is found in extra_create_args while json_output is set to a Pydantic model class.",
    ):
        create_result = await model_client.create(
            messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")],
            json_output=AgentResponse,
            extra_create_args={"response_format": {"type": "json_object"}},
        )

    # Test that a warning will be raised if response_format is set to a pydantic model.
    with pytest.warns(
        DeprecationWarning,
        match="Using response_format to specify the BaseModel for structured output type will be deprecated.",
    ):
        create_result = await model_client.create(
            messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")],
            extra_create_args={"response_format": AgentResponse},
        )

    # Test that a ValueError will be raised if response_format and json_output are set to a pydantic model.
    with pytest.raises(
        ValueError, match="response_format and json_output cannot be set to a Pydantic model class at the same time."
    ):
        create_result = await model_client.create(
            messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")],
            json_output=AgentResponse,
            extra_create_args={"response_format": AgentResponse},
        )


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_structured_output_with_tool_calls(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    class AgentResponse(BaseModel):
        thoughts: str
        response: Literal["happy", "sad", "neutral"]

    model = "gpt-4.1-nano-2025-04-14"

    async def _mock_parse(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> ParsedChatCompletion[AgentResponse]:
        return ParsedChatCompletion(
            id="id1",
            choices=[
                ParsedChoice(
                    finish_reason="tool_calls",
                    index=0,
                    message=ParsedChatCompletionMessage(
                        content=json.dumps(
                            {
                                "thoughts": "The user explicitly states that they are happy without any indication of sadness or neutrality.",
                                "response": "happy",
                            }
                        ),
                        role="assistant",
                        tool_calls=[
                            ParsedFunctionToolCall(
                                id="1",
                                type="function",
                                function=ParsedFunction(
                                    name="_pass_function",
                                    arguments=json.dumps({"input": "happy"}),
                                ),
                            )
                        ],
                    ),
                )
            ],
            created=0,
            model=model,
            object="chat.completion",
            usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5, total_tokens=0),
        )

    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "parse", _mock_parse)

    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model=model,
        api_key="",
    )

    # Test that the openai client was called with the correct response format.
    create_result = await model_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")], json_output=AgentResponse
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, list)
    assert len(create_result.content) == 1
    assert create_result.content[0] == FunctionCall(
        id="1", name="_pass_function", arguments=json.dumps({"input": "happy"})
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.thought, str)
    response = AgentResponse.model_validate(json.loads(create_result.thought))
    assert (
        response.thoughts
        == "The user explicitly states that they are happy without any indication of sadness or neutrality."
    )
    assert response.response == "happy"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_structured_output_with_streaming(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    class AgentResponse(BaseModel):
        thoughts: str
        response: Literal["happy", "sad", "neutral"]

    raw_content = json.dumps(
        {
            "thoughts": "The user explicitly states that they are happy without any indication of sadness or neutrality.",
            "response": "happy",
        }
    )
    chunked_content = [raw_content[i : i + 5] for i in range(0, len(raw_content), 5)]
    assert "".join(chunked_content) == raw_content

    model = "gpt-4.1-nano-2025-04-14"
    mock_chunk_events = [
        MockChunkEvent(
            type="chunk",
            chunk=ChatCompletionChunk(
                id="id",
                choices=[
                    ChunkChoice(
                        finish_reason=None,
                        index=0,
                        delta=ChoiceDelta(
                            content=mock_chunk_content,
                            role="assistant",
                        ),
                    )
                ],
                created=0,
                model=model,
                object="chat.completion.chunk",
                usage=None,
            ),
        )
        for mock_chunk_content in chunked_content
    ]

    async def _mock_create_stream(*args: Any) -> AsyncGenerator[MockChunkEvent, None]:
        async def _stream() -> AsyncGenerator[MockChunkEvent, None]:
            for mock_chunk_event in mock_chunk_events:
                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
                yield mock_chunk_event

        return _stream()

    # Mock the context manager __aenter__ method which returns the stream.
    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncChatCompletionStreamManager, "__aenter__", _mock_create_stream)

    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model=model,
        api_key="",
    )

    # Test that the openai client was called with the correct response format.
    chunks: List[str | CreateResult] = []
    async for chunk in model_client.create_stream(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")], json_output=AgentResponse
    ):
        chunks.append(chunk)
    assert len(chunks) > 0
    assert isinstance(chunks[-1], CreateResult)
    assert isinstance(chunks[-1].content, str)
    response = AgentResponse.model_validate(json.loads(chunks[-1].content))
    assert (
        response.thoughts
        == "The user explicitly states that they are happy without any indication of sadness or neutrality."
    )
    assert response.response == "happy"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_structured_output_with_streaming_tool_calls(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    class AgentResponse(BaseModel):
        thoughts: str
        response: Literal["happy", "sad", "neutral"]

    raw_content = json.dumps(
        {
            "thoughts": "The user explicitly states that they are happy without any indication of sadness or neutrality.",
            "response": "happy",
        }
    )
    chunked_content = [raw_content[i : i + 5] for i in range(0, len(raw_content), 5)]
    assert "".join(chunked_content) == raw_content

    model = "gpt-4.1-nano-2025-04-14"

    # generate the list of mock chunk content
    mock_chunk_events = [
        MockChunkEvent(
            type="chunk",
            chunk=ChatCompletionChunk(
                id="id",
                choices=[
                    ChunkChoice(
                        finish_reason=None,
                        index=0,
                        delta=ChoiceDelta(
                            content=mock_chunk_content,
                            role="assistant",
                        ),
                    )
                ],
                created=0,
                model=model,
                object="chat.completion.chunk",
                usage=None,
            ),
        )
        for mock_chunk_content in chunked_content
    ]

    # add the tool call chunk.
    mock_chunk_events += [
        MockChunkEvent(
            type="chunk",
            chunk=ChatCompletionChunk(
                id="id",
                choices=[
                    ChunkChoice(
                        finish_reason="tool_calls",
                        index=0,
                        delta=ChoiceDelta(
                            content=None,
                            role="assistant",
                            tool_calls=[
                                ChoiceDeltaToolCall(
                                    id="1",
                                    index=0,
                                    type="function",
                                    function=ChoiceDeltaToolCallFunction(
                                        name="_pass_function",
                                        arguments=json.dumps({"input": "happy"}),
                                    ),
                                )
                            ],
                        ),
                    )
                ],
                created=0,
                model=model,
                object="chat.completion.chunk",
                usage=None,
            ),
        )
    ]

    async def _mock_create_stream(*args: Any) -> AsyncGenerator[MockChunkEvent, None]:
        async def _stream() -> AsyncGenerator[MockChunkEvent, None]:
            for mock_chunk_event in mock_chunk_events:
                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
                yield mock_chunk_event

        return _stream()

    # Mock the context manager __aenter__ method which returns the stream.
    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncChatCompletionStreamManager, "__aenter__", _mock_create_stream)

    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model=model,
        api_key="",
    )

    # Test that the openai client was called with the correct response format.
    chunks: List[str | CreateResult] = []
    async for chunk in model_client.create_stream(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")], json_output=AgentResponse
    ):
        chunks.append(chunk)
    assert len(chunks) > 0
    assert isinstance(chunks[-1], CreateResult)
    assert isinstance(chunks[-1].content, list)
    assert len(chunks[-1].content) == 1
    assert chunks[-1].content[0] == FunctionCall(
        id="1", name="_pass_function", arguments=json.dumps({"input": "happy"})
    )
    assert isinstance(chunks[-1].thought, str)
    response = AgentResponse.model_validate(json.loads(chunks[-1].thought))
    assert (
        response.thoughts
        == "The user explicitly states that they are happy without any indication of sadness or neutrality."
    )
    assert response.response == "happy"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_r1_reasoning_content(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    """Test handling of reasoning_content in R1 model. Testing create without streaming."""

    async def _mock_create(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> ChatCompletion:
        return ChatCompletion(
            id="test_id",
            model="r1",
            object="chat.completion",
            created=1234567890,
            choices=[
                Choice(
                    index=0,
                    message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                        role="assistant",
                        content="This is the main content",
                        # The reasoning content is included in model_extra for hosted R1 models.
                        reasoning_content="This is the reasoning content",  # type: ignore
                    ),
                    finish_reason="stop",
                )
            ],
            usage=CompletionUsage(
                prompt_tokens=10,
                completion_tokens=10,
                total_tokens=20,
            ),
        )

    # Patch the client creation

    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create)

    # Create the client
    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model="r1",
        api_key="",
        model_info={
            "family": ModelFamily.R1,
            "vision": False,
            "function_calling": False,
            "json_output": False,
            "structured_output": False,
        },
    )

    # Test the create method
    result = await model_client.create([UserMessage(content="Test message", source="user")])

    # Verify that the content and thought are as expected
    assert result.content == "This is the main content"
    assert result.thought == "This is the reasoning content"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_r1_reasoning_content_streaming(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    """Test that reasoning_content in model_extra is correctly extracted and streamed."""

    async def _mock_create_stream(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> AsyncGenerator[ChatCompletionChunk, None]:
        contentChunks = [None, None, "This is the main content"]
        reasoningChunks = ["This is the reasoning content 1", "This is the reasoning content 2", None]
        for i in range(len(contentChunks)):
            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
            yield ChatCompletionChunk(
                id="id",
                choices=[
                    ChunkChoice(
                        finish_reason="stop" if i == len(contentChunks) - 1 else None,
                        index=0,
                        delta=ChoiceDelta(
                            content=contentChunks[i],
                            # The reasoning content is included in model_extra for hosted R1 models.
                            reasoning_content=reasoningChunks[i],  # type: ignore
                            role="assistant",
                        ),
                    ),
                ],
                created=0,
                model="r1",
                object="chat.completion.chunk",
                usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=0, completion_tokens=0, total_tokens=0),
            )

    async def _mock_create(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> AsyncGenerator[ChatCompletionChunk, None]:
        return _mock_create_stream(*args, **kwargs)

    # Patch the client creation
    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create)
    # Create the client
    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model="r1",
        api_key="",
        model_info={
            "family": ModelFamily.R1,
            "vision": False,
            "function_calling": False,
            "json_output": False,
            "structured_output": False,
        },
    )
    # Test the create_stream method
    chunks: List[str | CreateResult] = []
    async for chunk in model_client.create_stream(messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")]):
        chunks.append(chunk)

    # Verify that the chunks first stream the reasoning content and then the main content
    # Then verify that the final result has the correct content and thought
    assert len(chunks) == 5
    assert chunks[0] == "<think>This is the reasoning content 1"
    assert chunks[1] == "This is the reasoning content 2"
    assert chunks[2] == "</think>"
    assert chunks[3] == "This is the main content"
    assert isinstance(chunks[4], CreateResult)
    assert chunks[4].content == "This is the main content"
    assert chunks[4].thought == "This is the reasoning content 1This is the reasoning content 2"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_r1_think_field(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    async def _mock_create_stream(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> AsyncGenerator[ChatCompletionChunk, None]:
        chunks = ["<think> Hello</think>", " Another Hello", " Yet Another Hello"]
        for i, chunk in enumerate(chunks):
            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
            yield ChatCompletionChunk(
                id="id",
                choices=[
                    ChunkChoice(
                        finish_reason="stop" if i == len(chunks) - 1 else None,
                        index=0,
                        delta=ChoiceDelta(
                            content=chunk,
                            role="assistant",
                        ),
                    ),
                ],
                created=0,
                model="r1",
                object="chat.completion.chunk",
                usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=0, completion_tokens=0, total_tokens=0),
            )

    async def _mock_create(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> ChatCompletion | AsyncGenerator[ChatCompletionChunk, None]:
        stream = kwargs.get("stream", False)
        if not stream:
            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
            return ChatCompletion(
                id="id",
                choices=[
                    Choice(
                        finish_reason="stop",
                        index=0,
                        message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                            content="<think> Hello</think> Another Hello Yet Another Hello", role="assistant"
                        ),
                    )
                ],
                created=0,
                model="r1",
                object="chat.completion",
                usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=0, completion_tokens=0, total_tokens=0),
            )
        else:
            return _mock_create_stream(*args, **kwargs)

    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create)

    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model="r1",
        api_key="",
        model_info={
            "family": ModelFamily.R1,
            "vision": False,
            "function_calling": False,
            "json_output": False,
            "structured_output": False,
        },
    )

    # Successful completion with think field.
    create_result = await model_client.create(messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")])
    assert create_result.content == "Another Hello Yet Another Hello"
    assert create_result.finish_reason == "stop"
    assert not create_result.cached
    assert create_result.thought == "Hello"

    # Stream completion with think field.
    chunks: List[str | CreateResult] = []
    async for chunk in model_client.create_stream(messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")]):
        chunks.append(chunk)
    assert len(chunks) > 0
    assert isinstance(chunks[-1], CreateResult)
    assert chunks[-1].content == "Another Hello Yet Another Hello"
    assert chunks[-1].thought == "Hello"
    assert not chunks[-1].cached


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_r1_think_field_not_present(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    async def _mock_create_stream(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> AsyncGenerator[ChatCompletionChunk, None]:
        chunks = ["Hello", " Another Hello", " Yet Another Hello"]
        for i, chunk in enumerate(chunks):
            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
            yield ChatCompletionChunk(
                id="id",
                choices=[
                    ChunkChoice(
                        finish_reason="stop" if i == len(chunks) - 1 else None,
                        index=0,
                        delta=ChoiceDelta(
                            content=chunk,
                            role="assistant",
                        ),
                    ),
                ],
                created=0,
                model="r1",
                object="chat.completion.chunk",
                usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=0, completion_tokens=0, total_tokens=0),
            )

    async def _mock_create(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> ChatCompletion | AsyncGenerator[ChatCompletionChunk, None]:
        stream = kwargs.get("stream", False)
        if not stream:
            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
            return ChatCompletion(
                id="id",
                choices=[
                    Choice(
                        finish_reason="stop",
                        index=0,
                        message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                            content="Hello Another Hello Yet Another Hello", role="assistant"
                        ),
                    )
                ],
                created=0,
                model="r1",
                object="chat.completion",
                usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=0, completion_tokens=0, total_tokens=0),
            )
        else:
            return _mock_create_stream(*args, **kwargs)

    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create)

    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model="r1",
        api_key="",
        model_info={
            "family": ModelFamily.R1,
            "vision": False,
            "function_calling": False,
            "json_output": False,
            "structured_output": False,
        },
    )

    # Warning completion when think field is not present.
    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Could not find <think>..</think> field in model response content."):
        create_result = await model_client.create(messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")])
        assert create_result.content == "Hello Another Hello Yet Another Hello"
        assert create_result.finish_reason == "stop"
        assert not create_result.cached
        assert create_result.thought is None

    # Stream completion with think field.
    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Could not find <think>..</think> field in model response content."):
        chunks: List[str | CreateResult] = []
        async for chunk in model_client.create_stream(messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")]):
            chunks.append(chunk)
        assert len(chunks) > 0
        assert isinstance(chunks[-1], CreateResult)
        assert chunks[-1].content == "Hello Another Hello Yet Another Hello"
        assert chunks[-1].thought is None
        assert not chunks[-1].cached


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_tool_calling(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    model = "gpt-4.1-nano-2025-04-14"
    chat_completions = [
        # Successful completion, single tool call
        ChatCompletion(
            id="id1",
            choices=[
                Choice(
                    finish_reason="tool_calls",
                    index=0,
                    message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                        content=None,
                        tool_calls=[
                            ChatCompletionMessageToolCall(
                                id="1",
                                type="function",
                                function=Function(
                                    name="_pass_function",
                                    arguments=json.dumps({"input": "task"}),
                                ),
                            )
                        ],
                        role="assistant",
                    ),
                )
            ],
            created=0,
            model=model,
            object="chat.completion",
            usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5, total_tokens=0),
        ),
        # Successful completion, parallel tool calls
        ChatCompletion(
            id="id2",
            choices=[
                Choice(
                    finish_reason="tool_calls",
                    index=0,
                    message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                        content=None,
                        tool_calls=[
                            ChatCompletionMessageToolCall(
                                id="1",
                                type="function",
                                function=Function(
                                    name="_pass_function",
                                    arguments=json.dumps({"input": "task"}),
                                ),
                            ),
                            ChatCompletionMessageToolCall(
                                id="2",
                                type="function",
                                function=Function(
                                    name="_fail_function",
                                    arguments=json.dumps({"input": "task"}),
                                ),
                            ),
                            ChatCompletionMessageToolCall(
                                id="3",
                                type="function",
                                function=Function(
                                    name="_echo_function",
                                    arguments=json.dumps({"input": "task"}),
                                ),
                            ),
                        ],
                        role="assistant",
                    ),
                )
            ],
            created=0,
            model=model,
            object="chat.completion",
            usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5, total_tokens=0),
        ),
        # Warning completion when finish reason is not tool_calls.
        ChatCompletion(
            id="id3",
            choices=[
                Choice(
                    finish_reason="stop",
                    index=0,
                    message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                        content=None,
                        tool_calls=[
                            ChatCompletionMessageToolCall(
                                id="1",
                                type="function",
                                function=Function(
                                    name="_pass_function",
                                    arguments=json.dumps({"input": "task"}),
                                ),
                            )
                        ],
                        role="assistant",
                    ),
                )
            ],
            created=0,
            model=model,
            object="chat.completion",
            usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5, total_tokens=0),
        ),
        # Thought field is populated when content is not None.
        ChatCompletion(
            id="id4",
            choices=[
                Choice(
                    finish_reason="tool_calls",
                    index=0,
                    message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                        content="I should make a tool call.",
                        tool_calls=[
                            ChatCompletionMessageToolCall(
                                id="1",
                                type="function",
                                function=Function(
                                    name="_pass_function",
                                    arguments=json.dumps({"input": "task"}),
                                ),
                            )
                        ],
                        role="assistant",
                    ),
                )
            ],
            created=0,
            model=model,
            object="chat.completion",
            usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5, total_tokens=0),
        ),
        # Should not be returning tool calls when the tool_calls are empty
        ChatCompletion(
            id="id5",
            choices=[
                Choice(
                    finish_reason="stop",
                    index=0,
                    message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                        content="I should make a tool call.",
                        tool_calls=[],
                        role="assistant",
                    ),
                )
            ],
            created=0,
            model=model,
            object="chat.completion",
            usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5, total_tokens=0),
        ),
        # Should raise warning when function arguments is not a string.
        ChatCompletion(
            id="id6",
            choices=[
                Choice(
                    finish_reason="tool_calls",
                    index=0,
                    message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                        content=None,
                        tool_calls=[
                            ChatCompletionMessageToolCall(
                                id="1",
                                type="function",
                                function=Function.construct(name="_pass_function", arguments={"input": "task"}),  # type: ignore
                            )
                        ],
                        role="assistant",
                    ),
                )
            ],
            created=0,
            model=model,
            object="chat.completion",
            usage=CompletionUsage(prompt_tokens=10, completion_tokens=5, total_tokens=0),
        ),
    ]

    class _MockChatCompletion:
        def __init__(self, completions: List[ChatCompletion]):
            self.completions = list(completions)
            self.calls: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []

        async def mock_create(
            self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any
        ) -> ChatCompletion | AsyncGenerator[ChatCompletionChunk, None]:
            if kwargs.get("stream", False):
                raise NotImplementedError("Streaming not supported in this test.")
            self.calls.append(kwargs)
            return self.completions.pop(0)

    mock = _MockChatCompletion(chat_completions)
    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", mock.mock_create)
    pass_tool = FunctionTool(_pass_function, description="pass tool.")
    fail_tool = FunctionTool(_fail_function, description="fail tool.")
    echo_tool = FunctionTool(_echo_function, description="echo tool.")
    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model=model, api_key="")

    # Single tool call
    create_result = await model_client.create(messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")], tools=[pass_tool])
    assert create_result.content == [FunctionCall(id="1", arguments=r'{"input": "task"}', name="_pass_function")]
    # Verify that the tool schema was passed to the model client.
    kwargs = mock.calls[0]
    assert kwargs["tools"] == [{"function": pass_tool.schema, "type": "function"}]
    # Verify finish reason
    assert create_result.finish_reason == "function_calls"

    # Parallel tool calls
    create_result = await model_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")], tools=[pass_tool, fail_tool, echo_tool]
    )
    assert create_result.content == [
        FunctionCall(id="1", arguments=r'{"input": "task"}', name="_pass_function"),
        FunctionCall(id="2", arguments=r'{"input": "task"}', name="_fail_function"),
        FunctionCall(id="3", arguments=r'{"input": "task"}', name="_echo_function"),
    ]
    # Verify that the tool schema was passed to the model client.
    kwargs = mock.calls[1]
    assert kwargs["tools"] == [
        {"function": pass_tool.schema, "type": "function"},
        {"function": fail_tool.schema, "type": "function"},
        {"function": echo_tool.schema, "type": "function"},
    ]
    # Verify finish reason
    assert create_result.finish_reason == "function_calls"

    # Warning completion when finish reason is not tool_calls.
    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Finish reason mismatch"):
        create_result = await model_client.create(
            messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")], tools=[pass_tool]
        )
        assert create_result.content == [FunctionCall(id="1", arguments=r'{"input": "task"}', name="_pass_function")]
        assert create_result.finish_reason == "function_calls"

    # Thought field is populated when content is not None.
    create_result = await model_client.create(messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")], tools=[pass_tool])
    assert create_result.content == [FunctionCall(id="1", arguments=r'{"input": "task"}', name="_pass_function")]
    assert create_result.finish_reason == "function_calls"
    assert create_result.thought == "I should make a tool call."

    # Should not be returning tool calls when the tool_calls are empty
    create_result = await model_client.create(messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")], tools=[pass_tool])
    assert create_result.content == "I should make a tool call."
    assert create_result.finish_reason == "stop"

    # Should raise warning when function arguments is not a string.
    with pytest.warns(UserWarning, match="Tool call function arguments field is not a string"):
        create_result = await model_client.create(
            messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")], tools=[pass_tool]
        )
        assert create_result.content == [FunctionCall(id="1", arguments=r'{"input": "task"}', name="_pass_function")]
        assert create_result.finish_reason == "function_calls"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_tool_calling_with_stream(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    async def _mock_create_stream(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> AsyncGenerator[ChatCompletionChunk, None]:
        model = resolve_model(kwargs.get("model", "gpt-4o"))
        mock_chunks_content = ["Hello", " Another Hello", " Yet Another Hello"]
        mock_chunks = [
            # generate the list of mock chunk content
            MockChunkDefinition(
                chunk_choice=ChunkChoice(
                    finish_reason=None,
                    index=0,
                    delta=ChoiceDelta(
                        content=mock_chunk_content,
                        role="assistant",
                    ),
                ),
                usage=None,
            )
            for mock_chunk_content in mock_chunks_content
        ] + [
            # generate the function call chunk
            MockChunkDefinition(
                chunk_choice=ChunkChoice(
                    finish_reason="tool_calls",
                    index=0,
                    delta=ChoiceDelta(
                        content=None,
                        role="assistant",
                        tool_calls=[
                            ChoiceDeltaToolCall(
                                index=0,
                                id="1",
                                type="function",
                                function=ChoiceDeltaToolCallFunction(
                                    name="_pass_function",
                                    arguments=json.dumps({"input": "task"}),
                                ),
                            )
                        ],
                    ),
                ),
                usage=None,
            )
        ]
        for mock_chunk in mock_chunks:
            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
            yield ChatCompletionChunk(
                id="id",
                choices=[mock_chunk.chunk_choice],
                created=0,
                model=model,
                object="chat.completion.chunk",
                usage=mock_chunk.usage,
            )

    async def _mock_create(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> ChatCompletion | AsyncGenerator[ChatCompletionChunk, None]:
        stream = kwargs.get("stream", False)
        if not stream:
            raise ValueError("Stream is not False")
        else:
            return _mock_create_stream(*args, **kwargs)

    monkeypatch.setattr(AsyncCompletions, "create", _mock_create)

    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gpt-4o", api_key="")
    pass_tool = FunctionTool(_pass_function, description="pass tool.")
    stream = model_client.create_stream(messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user")], tools=[pass_tool])
    chunks: List[str | CreateResult] = []
    async for chunk in stream:
        chunks.append(chunk)
    assert chunks[0] == "Hello"
    assert chunks[1] == " Another Hello"
    assert chunks[2] == " Yet Another Hello"
    assert isinstance(chunks[-1], CreateResult)
    assert chunks[-1].content == [FunctionCall(id="1", arguments=r'{"input": "task"}', name="_pass_function")]
    assert chunks[-1].finish_reason == "function_calls"
    assert chunks[-1].thought == "Hello Another Hello Yet Another Hello"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_tool_calls_assistant_message_content_field(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    """Test that AssistantMessage with tool calls includes required content field.

    This test addresses the issue where AssistantMessage with tool calls but no thought
    was missing the required 'content' field, causing OpenAI API UnprocessableEntityError(422).
    """
    # Create a tool call for testing
    tool_calls = [
        FunctionCall(id="call_1", name="increment_number", arguments='{"number": 5}'),
        FunctionCall(id="call_2", name="increment_number", arguments='{"number": 6}'),
    ]

    # Mock response for tool calls
    chat_completion = ChatCompletion(
        id="id1",
        choices=[
            Choice(
                finish_reason="stop",
                index=0,
                message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                    role="assistant",
                    content="Done",
                ),
            )
        ],
        created=1234567890,
        model="gpt-4o",
        object="chat.completion",
        usage=CompletionUsage(completion_tokens=10, prompt_tokens=5, total_tokens=15),
    )

    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gpt-4o", api_key="test")
    mock_create = AsyncMock(return_value=chat_completion)

    # Test AssistantMessage with tool calls but no thought
    assistant_message_no_thought = AssistantMessage(
        content=tool_calls,
        source="assistant",
        thought=None,  # No thought - this was causing the issue
    )

    with monkeypatch.context() as mp:
        mp.setattr(client._client.chat.completions, "create", mock_create)  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]

        await client.create(
            messages=[
                UserMessage(content="Please increment these numbers", source="user"),
                assistant_message_no_thought,
            ]
        )

    # Verify the API was called and check the messages sent
    mock_create.assert_called_once()
    call_args = mock_create.call_args

    # Extract the messages from the API call
    messages = call_args.kwargs["messages"]

    # Find the assistant message in the API call
    assistant_messages = [msg for msg in messages if msg["role"] == "assistant"]
    assert len(assistant_messages) == 1

    assistant_msg = assistant_messages[0]

    # Verify all required fields are present
    assert "role" in assistant_msg
    assert "tool_calls" in assistant_msg
    assert "content" in assistant_msg  # This was missing before the fix

    # Verify field values
    assert assistant_msg["role"] == "assistant"
    assert assistant_msg["content"] is None  # Should be null for tools without thought
    assert len(assistant_msg["tool_calls"]) == 2

    # Test AssistantMessage with tool calls AND thought
    assistant_message_with_thought = AssistantMessage(
        content=tool_calls, source="assistant", thought="I need to increment these numbers."
    )

    mock_create.reset_mock()  # Reset for second test

    with monkeypatch.context() as mp:
        mp.setattr(client._client.chat.completions, "create", mock_create)  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]

        await client.create(
            messages=[
                UserMessage(content="Please increment these numbers", source="user"),
                assistant_message_with_thought,
            ]
        )

    # Verify the API was called for the second test
    mock_create.assert_called_once()
    call_args = mock_create.call_args

    # Extract the messages from the API call
    messages = call_args.kwargs["messages"]

    # Find the assistant message in the API call
    assistant_messages = [msg for msg in messages if msg["role"] == "assistant"]
    assert len(assistant_messages) == 1

    assistant_msg_with_thought = assistant_messages[0]

    # Should have both tool_calls and content with thought text
    assert "role" in assistant_msg_with_thought
    assert "tool_calls" in assistant_msg_with_thought
    assert "content" in assistant_msg_with_thought
    assert assistant_msg_with_thought["role"] == "assistant"
    assert assistant_msg_with_thought["content"] == "I need to increment these numbers."
    assert len(assistant_msg_with_thought["tool_calls"]) == 2


@pytest.fixture()
def openai_client(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> OpenAIChatCompletionClient:
    model = request.node.callspec.params["model"]  # type: ignore
    assert isinstance(model, str)
    if model.startswith("gemini"):
        api_key = os.getenv("GEMINI_API_KEY")
        if not api_key:
            pytest.skip("GEMINI_API_KEY not found in environment variables")
    elif model.startswith("claude"):
        api_key = os.getenv("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY")
        if not api_key:
            pytest.skip("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY not found in environment variables")
    else:
        api_key = os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY")
        if not api_key:
            pytest.skip("OPENAI_API_KEY not found in environment variables")
    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model=model,
        api_key=api_key,
    )
    return model_client


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "model",
    ["gpt-4.1-nano", "gemini-1.5-flash", "claude-3-5-haiku-20241022"],
)
async def test_model_client_basic_completion(model: str, openai_client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient) -> None:
    # Test basic completion
    create_result = await openai_client.create(
        messages=[
            SystemMessage(content="You are a helpful assistant."),
            UserMessage(content="Explain to me how AI works.", source="user"),
        ]
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    assert len(create_result.content) > 0


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "model",
    ["gpt-4.1-nano", "gemini-1.5-flash", "claude-3-5-haiku-20241022"],
)
async def test_model_client_with_function_calling(model: str, openai_client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient) -> None:
    # Test tool calling
    pass_tool = FunctionTool(_pass_function, name="pass_tool", description="pass session.")
    fail_tool = FunctionTool(_fail_function, name="fail_tool", description="fail session.")
    messages: List[LLMMessage] = [
        UserMessage(content="Call the pass tool with input 'task' summarize the result.", source="user")
    ]
    create_result = await openai_client.create(messages=messages, tools=[pass_tool, fail_tool])
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, list)
    assert len(create_result.content) == 1
    assert isinstance(create_result.content[0], FunctionCall)
    assert create_result.content[0].name == "pass_tool"
    assert json.loads(create_result.content[0].arguments) == {"input": "task"}
    assert create_result.finish_reason == "function_calls"
    assert create_result.usage is not None

    # Test reflection on tool call response.
    messages.append(AssistantMessage(content=create_result.content, source="assistant"))
    messages.append(
        FunctionExecutionResultMessage(
            content=[
                FunctionExecutionResult(
                    content="passed",
                    call_id=create_result.content[0].id,
                    is_error=False,
                    name=create_result.content[0].name,
                )
            ]
        )
    )
    create_result = await openai_client.create(messages=messages)
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    assert len(create_result.content) > 0

    # Test parallel tool calling
    messages = [
        UserMessage(
            content="Call both the pass tool with input 'task' and the fail tool also with input 'task' and summarize the result",
            source="user",
        )
    ]
    create_result = await openai_client.create(messages=messages, tools=[pass_tool, fail_tool])
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, list)
    assert len(create_result.content) == 2
    assert isinstance(create_result.content[0], FunctionCall)
    assert create_result.content[0].name == "pass_tool"
    assert json.loads(create_result.content[0].arguments) == {"input": "task"}
    assert isinstance(create_result.content[1], FunctionCall)
    assert create_result.content[1].name == "fail_tool"
    assert json.loads(create_result.content[1].arguments) == {"input": "task"}
    assert create_result.finish_reason == "function_calls"
    assert create_result.usage is not None

    # Test reflection on parallel tool call response.
    messages.append(AssistantMessage(content=create_result.content, source="assistant"))
    messages.append(
        FunctionExecutionResultMessage(
            content=[
                FunctionExecutionResult(
                    content="passed", call_id=create_result.content[0].id, is_error=False, name="pass_tool"
                ),
                FunctionExecutionResult(
                    content="failed", call_id=create_result.content[1].id, is_error=True, name="fail_tool"
                ),
            ]
        )
    )
    create_result = await openai_client.create(messages=messages)
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    assert len(create_result.content) > 0


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "model",
    ["gpt-4.1-nano", "gemini-1.5-flash"],
)
async def test_openai_structured_output_using_response_format(
    model: str, openai_client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient
) -> None:
    class AgentResponse(BaseModel):
        thoughts: str
        response: Literal["happy", "sad", "neutral"]

    create_result = await openai_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")],
        extra_create_args={
            "response_format": {
                "type": "json_schema",
                "json_schema": {
                    "name": "AgentResponse",
                    "description": "Agent response",
                    "schema": AgentResponse.model_json_schema(),
                },
            }
        },
    )

    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    assert len(create_result.content) > 0
    response = AgentResponse.model_validate(json.loads(create_result.content))
    assert response.thoughts
    assert response.response in ["happy", "sad", "neutral"]


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "model",
    ["gpt-4.1-nano", "gemini-1.5-flash"],
)
async def test_openai_structured_output(model: str, openai_client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient) -> None:
    class AgentResponse(BaseModel):
        thoughts: str
        response: Literal["happy", "sad", "neutral"]

    # Test that the openai client was called with the correct response format.
    create_result = await openai_client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")], json_output=AgentResponse
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    response = AgentResponse.model_validate(json.loads(create_result.content))
    assert response.thoughts
    assert response.response in ["happy", "sad", "neutral"]


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "model",
    ["gpt-4.1-nano", "gemini-1.5-flash"],
)
async def test_openai_structured_output_with_streaming(model: str, openai_client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient) -> None:
    class AgentResponse(BaseModel):
        thoughts: str
        response: Literal["happy", "sad", "neutral"]

    # Test that the openai client was called with the correct response format.
    stream = openai_client.create_stream(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user")], json_output=AgentResponse
    )
    chunks: List[str | CreateResult] = []
    async for chunk in stream:
        chunks.append(chunk)
    assert len(chunks) > 0
    assert isinstance(chunks[-1], CreateResult)
    assert isinstance(chunks[-1].content, str)
    response = AgentResponse.model_validate(json.loads(chunks[-1].content))
    assert response.thoughts
    assert response.response in ["happy", "sad", "neutral"]


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "model",
    [
        "gpt-4.1-nano",
        # "gemini-1.5-flash", # Gemini models do not support structured output with tool calls from model client.
    ],
)
async def test_openai_structured_output_with_tool_calls(model: str, openai_client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient) -> None:
    class AgentResponse(BaseModel):
        thoughts: str
        response: Literal["happy", "sad", "neutral"]

    def sentiment_analysis(text: str) -> str:
        """Given a text, return the sentiment."""
        return "happy" if "happy" in text else "sad" if "sad" in text else "neutral"

    tool = FunctionTool(sentiment_analysis, description="Sentiment Analysis", strict=True)

    extra_create_args = {"tool_choice": "required"}

    response1 = await openai_client.create(
        messages=[
            SystemMessage(content="Analyze input text sentiment using the tool provided."),
            UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user"),
        ],
        tools=[tool],
        extra_create_args=extra_create_args,
        json_output=AgentResponse,
    )
    assert isinstance(response1.content, list)
    assert len(response1.content) == 1
    assert isinstance(response1.content[0], FunctionCall)
    assert response1.content[0].name == "sentiment_analysis"
    assert json.loads(response1.content[0].arguments) == {"text": "I am happy."}
    assert response1.finish_reason == "function_calls"

    response2 = await openai_client.create(
        messages=[
            SystemMessage(content="Analyze input text sentiment using the tool provided."),
            UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user"),
            AssistantMessage(content=response1.content, source="assistant"),
            FunctionExecutionResultMessage(
                content=[
                    FunctionExecutionResult(
                        content="happy", call_id=response1.content[0].id, is_error=False, name=tool.name
                    )
                ]
            ),
        ],
        json_output=AgentResponse,
    )
    assert isinstance(response2.content, str)
    parsed_response = AgentResponse.model_validate(json.loads(response2.content))
    assert parsed_response.thoughts
    assert parsed_response.response in ["happy", "sad", "neutral"]


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "model",
    [
        "gpt-4.1-nano",
        # "gemini-1.5-flash", # Gemini models do not support structured output with tool calls from model client.
    ],
)
async def test_openai_structured_output_with_streaming_tool_calls(
    model: str, openai_client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient
) -> None:
    class AgentResponse(BaseModel):
        thoughts: str
        response: Literal["happy", "sad", "neutral"]

    def sentiment_analysis(text: str) -> str:
        """Given a text, return the sentiment."""
        return "happy" if "happy" in text else "sad" if "sad" in text else "neutral"

    tool = FunctionTool(sentiment_analysis, description="Sentiment Analysis", strict=True)

    extra_create_args = {"tool_choice": "required"}

    chunks1: List[str | CreateResult] = []
    stream1 = openai_client.create_stream(
        messages=[
            SystemMessage(content="Analyze input text sentiment using the tool provided."),
            UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user"),
        ],
        tools=[tool],
        extra_create_args=extra_create_args,
        json_output=AgentResponse,
    )
    async for chunk in stream1:
        chunks1.append(chunk)
    assert len(chunks1) > 0
    create_result1 = chunks1[-1]
    assert isinstance(create_result1, CreateResult)
    assert isinstance(create_result1.content, list)
    assert len(create_result1.content) == 1
    assert isinstance(create_result1.content[0], FunctionCall)
    assert create_result1.content[0].name == "sentiment_analysis"
    assert json.loads(create_result1.content[0].arguments) == {"text": "I am happy."}
    assert create_result1.finish_reason == "function_calls"

    stream2 = openai_client.create_stream(
        messages=[
            SystemMessage(content="Analyze input text sentiment using the tool provided."),
            UserMessage(content="I am happy.", source="user"),
            AssistantMessage(content=create_result1.content, source="assistant"),
            FunctionExecutionResultMessage(
                content=[
                    FunctionExecutionResult(
                        content="happy", call_id=create_result1.content[0].id, is_error=False, name=tool.name
                    )
                ]
            ),
        ],
        json_output=AgentResponse,
    )
    chunks2: List[str | CreateResult] = []
    async for chunk in stream2:
        chunks2.append(chunk)
    assert len(chunks2) > 0
    create_result2 = chunks2[-1]
    assert isinstance(create_result2, CreateResult)
    assert isinstance(create_result2.content, str)
    parsed_response = AgentResponse.model_validate(json.loads(create_result2.content))
    assert parsed_response.thoughts
    assert parsed_response.response in ["happy", "sad", "neutral"]


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_hugging_face() -> None:
    api_key = os.getenv("HF_TOKEN")
    if not api_key:
        pytest.skip("HF_TOKEN not found in environment variables")

    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model="microsoft/Phi-3.5-mini-instruct",
        api_key=api_key,
        base_url="https://api-inference.huggingface.co/v1/",
        model_info={
            "function_calling": False,
            "json_output": False,
            "vision": False,
            "family": ModelFamily.UNKNOWN,
            "structured_output": False,
        },
    )

    # Test basic completion
    create_result = await model_client.create(
        messages=[
            SystemMessage(content="You are a helpful assistant."),
            UserMessage(content="Explain to me how AI works.", source="user"),
        ]
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    assert len(create_result.content) > 0


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_ollama() -> None:
    model = "deepseek-r1:1.5b"
    model_info: ModelInfo = {
        "function_calling": False,
        "json_output": False,
        "vision": False,
        "family": ModelFamily.R1,
        "structured_output": False,
    }
    # Check if the model is running locally.
    try:
        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
            response = await client.get(f"http://localhost:11434/v1/models/{model}")
            response.raise_for_status()
    except httpx.HTTPStatusError as e:
        pytest.skip(f"{model} model is not running locally: {e}")
    except httpx.ConnectError as e:
        pytest.skip(f"Ollama is not running locally: {e}")

    model_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model=model,
        api_key="placeholder",
        base_url="http://localhost:11434/v1",
        model_info=model_info,
    )

    # Test basic completion with the Ollama deepseek-r1:1.5b model.
    create_result = await model_client.create(
        messages=[
            UserMessage(
                content="Taking two balls from a bag of 10 green balls and 20 red balls, "
                "what is the probability of getting a green and a red balls?",
                source="user",
            ),
        ]
    )
    assert isinstance(create_result.content, str)
    assert len(create_result.content) > 0
    assert create_result.finish_reason == "stop"
    assert create_result.usage is not None
    if model_info["family"] == ModelFamily.R1:
        assert create_result.thought is not None

    # Test streaming completion with the Ollama deepseek-r1:1.5b model.
    chunks: List[str | CreateResult] = []
    async for chunk in model_client.create_stream(
        messages=[
            UserMessage(
                content="Taking two balls from a bag of 10 green balls and 20 red balls, "
                "what is the probability of getting a green and a red balls?",
                source="user",
            ),
        ]
    ):
        chunks.append(chunk)
    assert len(chunks) > 0
    assert isinstance(chunks[-1], CreateResult)
    assert chunks[-1].finish_reason == "stop"
    assert len(chunks[-1].content) > 0
    assert chunks[-1].usage is not None
    if model_info["family"] == ModelFamily.R1:
        assert chunks[-1].thought is not None


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_add_name_prefixes(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    sys_message = SystemMessage(content="You are a helpful AI agent, and you answer questions in a friendly way.")
    assistant_message = AssistantMessage(content="Hello, how can I help you?", source="Assistant")
    user_text_message = UserMessage(content="Hello, I am from Seattle.", source="Adam")
    user_mm_message = UserMessage(
        content=[
            "Here is a postcard from Seattle:",
            Image.from_base64(
                "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAIAAACQd1PeAAAADElEQVR4nGP4z8AAAAMBAQDJ/pLvAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"
            ),
        ],
        source="Adam",
    )

    # Default conversion
    oai_sys = to_oai_type(sys_message)[0]
    oai_asst = to_oai_type(assistant_message)[0]
    oai_text = to_oai_type(user_text_message)[0]
    oai_mm = to_oai_type(user_mm_message)[0]

    converted_sys = to_oai_type(sys_message, prepend_name=True)[0]
    converted_asst = to_oai_type(assistant_message, prepend_name=True)[0]
    converted_text = to_oai_type(user_text_message, prepend_name=True)[0]
    converted_mm = to_oai_type(user_mm_message, prepend_name=True)[0]

    # Invariants
    assert "content" in oai_sys
    assert "content" in oai_asst
    assert "content" in oai_text
    assert "content" in oai_mm
    assert "content" in converted_sys
    assert "content" in converted_asst
    assert "content" in converted_text
    assert "content" in converted_mm
    assert oai_sys["role"] == converted_sys["role"]
    assert oai_sys["content"] == converted_sys["content"]
    assert oai_asst["role"] == converted_asst["role"]
    assert oai_asst["content"] == converted_asst["content"]
    assert oai_text["role"] == converted_text["role"]
    assert oai_mm["role"] == converted_mm["role"]
    assert isinstance(oai_mm["content"], list)
    assert isinstance(converted_mm["content"], list)
    assert len(oai_mm["content"]) == len(converted_mm["content"])
    assert "text" in converted_mm["content"][0]
    assert "text" in oai_mm["content"][0]

    # Name prepended
    assert str(converted_text["content"]) == "Adam said:\n" + str(oai_text["content"])
    assert str(converted_mm["content"][0]["text"]) == "Adam said:\n" + str(oai_mm["content"][0]["text"])


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "model",
    [
        "gpt-4.1-nano",
        "gemini-1.5-flash",
        "claude-3-5-haiku-20241022",
    ],
)
async def test_muliple_system_message(model: str, openai_client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient) -> None:
    """Test multiple system messages in a single request."""

    # Test multiple system messages
    messages: List[LLMMessage] = [
        SystemMessage(content="When you say anything Start with 'FOO'"),
        SystemMessage(content="When you say anything End with 'BAR'"),
        UserMessage(content="Just say '.'", source="user"),
    ]

    result = await openai_client.create(messages=messages)
    result_content = result.content
    assert isinstance(result_content, str)
    result_content = result_content.strip()
    assert result_content[:3] == "FOO"
    assert result_content[-3:] == "BAR"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_system_message_merge_with_continuous_system_messages_models() -> None:
    """Tests that system messages are merged correctly for Gemini models."""
    # Create a mock client
    mock_client = MagicMock()
    client = BaseOpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        client=mock_client,
        create_args={"model": "gemini-1.5-flash"},
        model_info={
            "vision": False,
            "function_calling": False,
            "json_output": False,
            "family": "unknown",
            "structured_output": False,
            "multiple_system_messages": False,
        },
    )

    # Create two system messages
    messages: List[LLMMessage] = [
        SystemMessage(content="I am system message 1"),
        SystemMessage(content="I am system message 2"),
        UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user"),
    ]

    # Process the messages
    # pylint: disable=protected-access
    # The method is protected, but we need to test it
    create_params = client._process_create_args(  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
        messages=messages,
        tools=[],
        json_output=None,
        extra_create_args={},
        tool_choice="none",
    )

    # Extract the actual messages from the result
    oai_messages = create_params.messages

    # Check that there is only one system message and it contains the merged content
    system_messages = [msg for msg in oai_messages if msg["role"] == "system"]
    assert len(system_messages) == 1
    assert system_messages[0]["content"] == "I am system message 1\nI am system message 2"

    # Check that the user message is preserved
    user_messages = [msg for msg in oai_messages if msg["role"] == "user"]
    assert len(user_messages) == 1
    assert user_messages[0]["content"] == "Hello"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_system_message_merge_with_non_continuous_messages() -> None:
    """Tests that an error is raised when non-continuous system messages are provided."""
    # Create a mock client
    mock_client = MagicMock()
    client = BaseOpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        client=mock_client,
        create_args={"model": "gemini-1.5-flash"},
        model_info={
            "vision": False,
            "function_calling": False,
            "json_output": False,
            "family": "unknown",
            "structured_output": False,
            "multiple_system_messages": False,
        },
    )

    # Create non-continuous system messages
    messages: List[LLMMessage] = [
        SystemMessage(content="I am system message 1"),
        UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user"),
        SystemMessage(content="I am system message 2"),
    ]

    # Process should raise ValueError
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Multiple and Not continuous system messages are not supported"):
        # pylint: disable=protected-access
        # The method is protected, but we need to test it
        client._process_create_args(  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
            messages=messages,
            tools=[],
            json_output=None,
            extra_create_args={},
            tool_choice="none",
        )


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_system_message_not_merged_for_multiple_system_messages_true() -> None:
    """Tests that system messages aren't modified for non-Gemini models."""
    # Create a mock client
    mock_client = MagicMock()
    client = BaseOpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        client=mock_client,
        create_args={"model": "gpt-4.1-nano"},
        model_info={
            "vision": False,
            "function_calling": False,
            "json_output": False,
            "family": "unknown",
            "structured_output": False,
            "multiple_system_messages": True,
        },
    )

    # Create two system messages
    messages: List[LLMMessage] = [
        SystemMessage(content="I am system message 1"),
        SystemMessage(content="I am system message 2"),
        UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user"),
    ]

    # Process the messages
    # pylint: disable=protected-access
    # The method is protected, but we need to test it
    create_params = client._process_create_args(  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
        messages=messages,
        tools=[],
        json_output=None,
        extra_create_args={},
        tool_choice="none",
    )

    # Extract the actual messages from the result
    oai_messages = create_params.messages

    # Check that there are two system messages preserved
    system_messages = [msg for msg in oai_messages if msg["role"] == "system"]
    assert len(system_messages) == 2
    assert system_messages[0]["content"] == "I am system message 1"
    assert system_messages[1]["content"] == "I am system message 2"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_no_system_messages_for_gemini_model() -> None:
    """Tests behavior when no system messages are provided to a Gemini model."""
    # Create a mock client
    mock_client = MagicMock()
    client = BaseOpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        client=mock_client,
        create_args={"model": "gemini-1.5-flash"},
        model_info={
            "vision": False,
            "function_calling": False,
            "json_output": False,
            "family": "unknown",
            "structured_output": False,
        },
    )

    # Create messages with no system message
    messages: List[LLMMessage] = [
        UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user"),
        AssistantMessage(content="Hi there", source="assistant"),
    ]

    # Process the messages
    # pylint: disable=protected-access
    # The method is protected, but we need to test it
    create_params = client._process_create_args(  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
        messages=messages,
        tools=[],
        json_output=None,
        extra_create_args={},
        tool_choice="none",
    )

    # Extract the actual messages from the result
    oai_messages = create_params.messages

    # Check that there are no system messages
    system_messages = [msg for msg in oai_messages if msg["role"] == "system"]
    assert len(system_messages) == 0

    # Check that other messages are preserved
    user_messages = [msg for msg in oai_messages if msg["role"] == "user"]
    assistant_messages = [msg for msg in oai_messages if msg["role"] == "assistant"]
    assert len(user_messages) == 1
    assert len(assistant_messages) == 1


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_single_system_message_for_gemini_model() -> None:
    """Tests that a single system message is preserved for Gemini models."""
    # Create a mock client
    mock_client = MagicMock()
    client = BaseOpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        client=mock_client,
        create_args={"model": "gemini-1.5-flash"},
        model_info={
            "vision": False,
            "function_calling": False,
            "json_output": False,
            "family": "unknown",
            "structured_output": False,
        },
    )

    # Create messages with a single system message
    messages: List[LLMMessage] = [
        SystemMessage(content="I am the only system message"),
        UserMessage(content="Hello", source="user"),
    ]

    # Process the messages
    # pylint: disable=protected-access
    # The method is protected, but we need to test it
    create_params = client._process_create_args(  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
        messages=messages,
        tools=[],
        json_output=None,
        extra_create_args={},
        tool_choice="auto",
    )

    # Extract the actual messages from the result
    oai_messages = create_params.messages

    # Check that there is exactly one system message with the correct content
    system_messages = [msg for msg in oai_messages if msg["role"] == "system"]
    assert len(system_messages) == 1
    assert system_messages[0]["content"] == "I am the only system message"


def noop(input: str) -> str:
    return "done"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize("model", ["gemini-1.5-flash"])
async def test_empty_assistant_content_with_gemini(model: str, openai_client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient) -> None:
    # Test tool calling
    tool = FunctionTool(noop, name="noop", description="No-op tool")
    messages: List[LLMMessage] = [UserMessage(content="Call noop", source="user")]
    result = await openai_client.create(messages=messages, tools=[tool])
    assert isinstance(result.content, list)
    tool_call = result.content[0]
    assert isinstance(tool_call, FunctionCall)

    # reply with empty string as thought (== content)
    messages.append(AssistantMessage(content=result.content, thought="", source="assistant"))
    messages.append(
        FunctionExecutionResultMessage(
            content=[
                FunctionExecutionResult(
                    content="done",
                    call_id=tool_call.id,
                    is_error=False,
                    name=tool_call.name,
                )
            ]
        )
    )

    # This will crash if _set_empty_to_whitespace is not applied to "thought"
    result = await openai_client.create(messages=messages)
    assert isinstance(result.content, str)
    assert result.content.strip() != "" or result.content == " "


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "model",
    [
        "gpt-4.1-nano",
        "gemini-1.5-flash",
        "claude-3-5-haiku-20241022",
    ],
)
async def test_empty_assistant_content_string_with_some_model(
    model: str, openai_client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient
) -> None:
    # message: assistant is response empty content
    messages: list[LLMMessage] = [
        UserMessage(content="Say something", source="user"),
        AssistantMessage(content="test", source="assistant"),
        UserMessage(content="", source="user"),
    ]

    # This will crash if _set_empty_to_whitespace is not applied to "content"
    result = await openai_client.create(messages=messages)
    assert isinstance(result.content, str)


def test_openai_model_registry_find_well() -> None:
    model = "gpt-4o"
    client1 = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model=model, api_key="test")
    client2 = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model=model,
        model_info={
            "vision": False,
            "function_calling": False,
            "json_output": False,
            "structured_output": False,
            "family": ModelFamily.UNKNOWN,
        },
        api_key="test",
    )

    def get_regitered_transformer(client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient) -> TransformerMap:
        model_name = client._create_args["model"]  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]
        model_family = client.model_info["family"]
        return get_transformer("openai", model_name, model_family)

    assert get_regitered_transformer(client1) == get_regitered_transformer(client2)


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "model",
    [
        "gpt-4.1-nano",
    ],
)
async def test_openai_model_unknown_message_type(model: str, openai_client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient) -> None:
    class WrongMessage:
        content = "foo"
        source = "bar"

    messages: List[WrongMessage] = [WrongMessage()]
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Unknown message type"):
        await openai_client.create(messages=messages)  # type: ignore[arg-type]  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "model",
    [
        "claude-3-5-haiku-20241022",
    ],
)
async def test_claude_trailing_whitespace_at_last_assistant_content(
    model: str, openai_client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient
) -> None:
    messages: list[LLMMessage] = [
        UserMessage(content="foo", source="user"),
        UserMessage(content="bar", source="user"),
        AssistantMessage(content="foobar ", source="assistant"),
    ]

    result = await openai_client.create(messages=messages)
    assert isinstance(result.content, str)


def test_rstrip_railing_whitespace_at_last_assistant_content() -> None:
    messages: list[LLMMessage] = [
        UserMessage(content="foo", source="user"),
        UserMessage(content="bar", source="user"),
        AssistantMessage(content="foobar ", source="assistant"),
    ]

    # This will crash if _rstrip_railing_whitespace_at_last_assistant_content is not applied to "content"
    dummy_client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="claude-3-5-haiku-20241022", api_key="dummy-key")
    result = dummy_client._rstrip_last_assistant_message(messages)  # pyright: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]

    assert isinstance(result[-1].content, str)
    assert result[-1].content == "foobar"


def test_find_model_family() -> None:
    assert _find_model_family("openai", "gpt-4") == ModelFamily.GPT_4
    assert _find_model_family("openai", "gpt-4-latest") == ModelFamily.GPT_4
    assert _find_model_family("openai", "gpt-4o") == ModelFamily.GPT_4O
    assert _find_model_family("openai", "gemini-2.0-flash") == ModelFamily.GEMINI_2_0_FLASH
    assert _find_model_family("openai", "claude-3-5-haiku-20241022") == ModelFamily.CLAUDE_3_5_HAIKU
    assert _find_model_family("openai", "error") == ModelFamily.UNKNOWN


@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "model",
    [
        "gpt-4.1-nano",
        "gemini-1.5-flash",
        "claude-3-5-haiku-20241022",
    ],
)
async def test_multimodal_message_test(
    model: str, openai_client: OpenAIChatCompletionClient, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch
) -> None:
    # Test that the multimodal message is converted to the correct format
    img = Image.from_base64(
        "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAIAAACQd1PeAAAADElEQVR4nGP4z8AAAAMBAQDJ/pLvAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"
    )
    multi_modal_message = MultiModalMessage(content=["Can you describe the content of this image?", img], source="user")

    ocr_agent = AssistantAgent(
        name="ocr_agent", model_client=openai_client, system_message="""You are a helpful agent."""
    )
    _ = await ocr_agent.run(task=multi_modal_message)


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_mistral_remove_name() -> None:
    # Test that the name pramaeter is removed from the message
    # when the model is Mistral
    message = UserMessage(content="foo", source="user")
    params = to_oai_type(message, prepend_name=False, model="mistral-7b", model_family=ModelFamily.MISTRAL)
    assert ("name" in params[0]) is False

    # when the model is gpt-4o, the name parameter is not removed
    params = to_oai_type(message, prepend_name=False, model="gpt-4o", model_family=ModelFamily.GPT_4O)
    assert ("name" in params[0]) is True


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_include_name_in_message() -> None:
    """Test that include_name_in_message parameter controls the name field."""

    # Test with UserMessage
    user_message = UserMessage(content="Hello, I am from Seattle.", source="Adam")

    # Test with include_name_in_message=True (default)
    result_with_name = to_oai_type(user_message, include_name_in_message=True)[0]
    assert "name" in result_with_name
    assert result_with_name["name"] == "Adam"  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]
    assert result_with_name["role"] == "user"
    assert result_with_name["content"] == "Hello, I am from Seattle."

    # Test with include_name_in_message=False
    result_without_name = to_oai_type(user_message, include_name_in_message=False)[0]
    assert "name" not in result_without_name
    assert result_without_name["role"] == "user"
    assert result_without_name["content"] == "Hello, I am from Seattle."

    # Test with AssistantMessage (should not have name field regardless)
    assistant_message = AssistantMessage(content="Hello, how can I help you?", source="Assistant")

    # Test with include_name_in_message=True
    result_assistant_with_name = to_oai_type(assistant_message, include_name_in_message=True)[0]
    assert "name" not in result_assistant_with_name
    assert result_assistant_with_name["role"] == "assistant"

    # Test with include_name_in_message=False
    result_assistant_without_name = to_oai_type(assistant_message, include_name_in_message=False)[0]
    assert "name" not in result_assistant_without_name
    assert result_assistant_without_name["role"] == "assistant"

    # Test with SystemMessage (should not have name field regardless)
    system_message = SystemMessage(content="You are a helpful assistant.")
    result_system_with_name = to_oai_type(system_message, include_name_in_message=True)[0]
    result_system_without_name = to_oai_type(system_message, include_name_in_message=False)[0]
    assert "name" not in result_system_with_name
    assert "name" not in result_system_without_name
    assert result_system_with_name["role"] == "system"
    assert result_system_without_name["role"] == "system"

    # Test default behavior (should include name when parameter not specified)
    result_default = to_oai_type(user_message)[0]  # include_name_in_message defaults to True
    assert "name" in result_default
    assert result_default["name"] == "Adam"  # type: ignore[typeddict-item]


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_include_name_with_different_models() -> None:
    """Test that include_name_in_message works with different model families."""

    user_message = UserMessage(content="Hello", source="User")

    # Test with GPT-4o model (normally includes name)
    result_gpt4o_with_name = to_oai_type(
        user_message, model="gpt-4o", model_family=ModelFamily.GPT_4O, include_name_in_message=True
    )[0]
    result_gpt4o_without_name = to_oai_type(
        user_message, model="gpt-4o", model_family=ModelFamily.GPT_4O, include_name_in_message=False
    )[0]

    assert "name" in result_gpt4o_with_name
    assert "name" not in result_gpt4o_without_name

    # Test with Mistral model (normally excludes name, but should still respect the parameter)
    result_mistral_with_name = to_oai_type(
        user_message, model="mistral-7b", model_family=ModelFamily.MISTRAL, include_name_in_message=True
    )[0]
    result_mistral_without_name = to_oai_type(
        user_message, model="mistral-7b", model_family=ModelFamily.MISTRAL, include_name_in_message=False
    )[0]

    # Note: Mistral transformers are specifically built without _set_name, so they won't have name regardless
    # But our parameter still controls the behavior consistently
    assert "name" not in result_mistral_with_name  # Mistral design excludes names
    assert "name" not in result_mistral_without_name

    # Test with unknown model (uses default transformer)
    result_unknown_with_name = to_oai_type(
        user_message, model="some-custom-model", model_family=ModelFamily.UNKNOWN, include_name_in_message=True
    )[0]
    result_unknown_without_name = to_oai_type(
        user_message, model="some-custom-model", model_family=ModelFamily.UNKNOWN, include_name_in_message=False
    )[0]

    assert "name" in result_unknown_with_name
    assert "name" not in result_unknown_without_name


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_mock_tool_choice_specific_tool(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    """Test tool_choice parameter with a specific tool using mocks."""

    def _pass_function(input: str) -> str:
        """Simple passthrough function."""
        return f"Processed: {input}"

    def _add_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:
        """Add two numbers together."""
        return a + b

    model = "gpt-4o"

    # Mock successful completion with specific tool call
    chat_completion = ChatCompletion(
        id="id1",
        choices=[
            Choice(
                finish_reason="tool_calls",
                index=0,
                message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                    role="assistant",
                    content=None,
                    tool_calls=[
                        ChatCompletionMessageToolCall(
                            id="1",
                            type="function",
                            function=Function(
                                name="_pass_function",
                                arguments=json.dumps({"input": "hello"}),
                            ),
                        )
                    ],
                ),
            )
        ],
        created=1234567890,
        model=model,
        object="chat.completion",
        usage=CompletionUsage(completion_tokens=10, prompt_tokens=5, total_tokens=15),
    )

    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model=model, api_key="test")

    # Define tools
    pass_tool = FunctionTool(_pass_function, description="Process input text", name="_pass_function")
    add_tool = FunctionTool(_add_numbers, description="Add two numbers together", name="_add_numbers")

    # Create mock for the chat completions create method
    mock_create = AsyncMock(return_value=chat_completion)

    with monkeypatch.context() as mp:
        mp.setattr(client._client.chat.completions, "create", mock_create)  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]

        _ = await client.create(
            messages=[UserMessage(content="Process 'hello'", source="user")],
            tools=[pass_tool, add_tool],
            tool_choice=pass_tool,  # Force use of specific tool
        )

    # Verify the correct API call was made
    mock_create.assert_called_once()
    call_args = mock_create.call_args

    # Check that tool_choice was set correctly
    assert "tool_choice" in call_args.kwargs
    assert call_args.kwargs["tool_choice"] == {"type": "function", "function": {"name": "_pass_function"}}


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_mock_tool_choice_auto(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    """Test tool_choice parameter with 'auto' setting using mocks."""

    def _pass_function(input: str) -> str:
        """Simple passthrough function."""
        return f"Processed: {input}"

    def _add_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:
        """Add two numbers together."""
        return a + b

    model = "gpt-4o"

    # Mock successful completion
    chat_completion = ChatCompletion(
        id="id1",
        choices=[
            Choice(
                finish_reason="tool_calls",
                index=0,
                message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                    role="assistant",
                    content=None,
                    tool_calls=[
                        ChatCompletionMessageToolCall(
                            id="1",
                            type="function",
                            function=Function(
                                name="_add_numbers",
                                arguments=json.dumps({"a": 1, "b": 2}),
                            ),
                        )
                    ],
                ),
            )
        ],
        created=1234567890,
        model=model,
        object="chat.completion",
        usage=CompletionUsage(completion_tokens=10, prompt_tokens=5, total_tokens=15),
    )

    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model=model, api_key="test")

    # Define tools
    pass_tool = FunctionTool(_pass_function, description="Process input text", name="_pass_function")
    add_tool = FunctionTool(_add_numbers, description="Add two numbers together", name="_add_numbers")

    # Create mock for the chat completions create method
    mock_create = AsyncMock(return_value=chat_completion)

    with monkeypatch.context() as mp:
        mp.setattr(client._client.chat.completions, "create", mock_create)  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]

        await client.create(
            messages=[UserMessage(content="Add 1 and 2", source="user")],
            tools=[pass_tool, add_tool],
            tool_choice="auto",  # Let model choose
        )

    # Verify the correct API call was made
    mock_create.assert_called_once()
    call_args = mock_create.call_args

    # Check that tool_choice was set correctly
    assert "tool_choice" in call_args.kwargs
    assert call_args.kwargs["tool_choice"] == "auto"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_mock_tool_choice_none(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    """Test tool_choice parameter with None setting using mocks."""

    def _pass_function(input: str) -> str:
        """Simple passthrough function."""
        return f"Processed: {input}"

    model = "gpt-4o"

    # Mock successful completion
    chat_completion = ChatCompletion(
        id="id1",
        choices=[
            Choice(
                finish_reason="stop",
                index=0,
                message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                    role="assistant",
                    content="I can help you with that!",
                    tool_calls=None,
                ),
            )
        ],
        created=1234567890,
        model=model,
        object="chat.completion",
        usage=CompletionUsage(completion_tokens=10, prompt_tokens=5, total_tokens=15),
    )

    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model=model, api_key="test")

    # Define tools
    pass_tool = FunctionTool(_pass_function, description="Process input text", name="_pass_function")

    # Create mock for the chat completions create method
    mock_create = AsyncMock(return_value=chat_completion)

    with monkeypatch.context() as mp:
        mp.setattr(client._client.chat.completions, "create", mock_create)  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]

        await client.create(
            messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello there", source="user")],
            tools=[pass_tool],
            tool_choice="none",
        )

    # Verify the correct API call was made
    mock_create.assert_called_once()
    call_args = mock_create.call_args

    # Check that tool_choice was set to "none" (disabling tool usage)
    assert "tool_choice" in call_args.kwargs
    assert call_args.kwargs["tool_choice"] == "none"


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_mock_tool_choice_validation_error() -> None:
    """Test tool_choice validation with invalid tool reference."""

    def _pass_function(input: str) -> str:
        """Simple passthrough function."""
        return f"Processed: {input}"

    def _add_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:
        """Add two numbers together."""
        return a + b

    def _different_function(text: str) -> str:
        """Different function."""
        return text

    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model="gpt-4o", api_key="test")

    # Define tools
    pass_tool = FunctionTool(_pass_function, description="Process input text", name="_pass_function")
    add_tool = FunctionTool(_add_numbers, description="Add two numbers together", name="_add_numbers")
    different_tool = FunctionTool(_different_function, description="Different tool", name="_different_function")

    messages = [UserMessage(content="Hello there", source="user")]

    # Test with a tool that's not in the tools list
    with pytest.raises(
        ValueError, match="tool_choice references '_different_function' but it's not in the provided tools"
    ):
        await client.create(
            messages=messages,
            tools=[pass_tool, add_tool],
            tool_choice=different_tool,  # This tool is not in the tools list
        )


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_mock_tool_choice_required(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
    """Test tool_choice parameter with 'required' setting using mocks."""

    def _pass_function(input: str) -> str:
        """Simple passthrough function."""
        return f"Processed: {input}"

    def _add_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:
        """Add two numbers together."""
        return a + b

    model = "gpt-4o"

    # Mock successful completion with tool calls (required forces tool usage)
    chat_completion = ChatCompletion(
        id="id1",
        choices=[
            Choice(
                finish_reason="tool_calls",
                index=0,
                message=ChatCompletionMessage(
                    role="assistant",
                    content=None,
                    tool_calls=[
                        ChatCompletionMessageToolCall(
                            id="1",
                            type="function",
                            function=Function(
                                name="_pass_function",
                                arguments=json.dumps({"input": "hello"}),
                            ),
                        )
                    ],
                ),
            )
        ],
        created=1234567890,
        model=model,
        object="chat.completion",
        usage=CompletionUsage(completion_tokens=10, prompt_tokens=5, total_tokens=15),
    )

    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model=model, api_key="test")

    # Define tools
    pass_tool = FunctionTool(_pass_function, description="Process input text", name="_pass_function")
    add_tool = FunctionTool(_add_numbers, description="Add two numbers together", name="_add_numbers")

    # Create mock for the chat completions create method
    mock_create = AsyncMock(return_value=chat_completion)

    with monkeypatch.context() as mp:
        mp.setattr(client._client.chat.completions, "create", mock_create)  # type: ignore[reportPrivateUsage]

        await client.create(
            messages=[UserMessage(content="Process some text", source="user")],
            tools=[pass_tool, add_tool],
            tool_choice="required",  # Force tool usage
        )

    # Verify the correct API call was made
    mock_create.assert_called_once()
    call_args = mock_create.call_args

    # Check that tool_choice was set correctly
    assert "tool_choice" in call_args.kwargs
    assert call_args.kwargs["tool_choice"] == "required"


# Integration tests for tool_choice using the actual OpenAI API
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_tool_choice_specific_tool_integration() -> None:
    """Test tool_choice parameter with a specific tool using the actual OpenAI API."""
    api_key = os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY")
    if not api_key:
        pytest.skip("OPENAI_API_KEY not found in environment variables")

    def _pass_function(input: str) -> str:
        """Simple passthrough function."""
        return f"Processed: {input}"

    def _add_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:
        """Add two numbers together."""
        return a + b

    model = "gpt-4o-mini"
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model=model, api_key=api_key)

    # Define tools
    pass_tool = FunctionTool(_pass_function, description="Process input text", name="_pass_function")
    add_tool = FunctionTool(_add_numbers, description="Add two numbers together", name="_add_numbers")

    # Test forcing use of specific tool
    result = await client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="Process the word 'hello'", source="user")],
        tools=[pass_tool, add_tool],
        tool_choice=pass_tool,  # Force use of specific tool
    )

    assert isinstance(result.content, list)
    assert len(result.content) == 1
    assert isinstance(result.content[0], FunctionCall)
    assert result.content[0].name == "_pass_function"
    assert result.finish_reason == "function_calls"
    assert result.usage is not None


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_tool_choice_auto_integration() -> None:
    """Test tool_choice parameter with 'auto' setting using the actual OpenAI API."""
    api_key = os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY")
    if not api_key:
        pytest.skip("OPENAI_API_KEY not found in environment variables")

    def _pass_function(input: str) -> str:
        """Simple passthrough function."""
        return f"Processed: {input}"

    def _add_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:
        """Add two numbers together."""
        return a + b

    model = "gpt-4o-mini"
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model=model, api_key=api_key)

    # Define tools
    pass_tool = FunctionTool(_pass_function, description="Process input text", name="_pass_function")
    add_tool = FunctionTool(_add_numbers, description="Add two numbers together", name="_add_numbers")

    # Test auto tool choice - model should choose to use add_numbers for math
    result = await client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="What is 15 plus 27?", source="user")],
        tools=[pass_tool, add_tool],
        tool_choice="auto",  # Let model choose
    )

    assert isinstance(result.content, list)
    assert len(result.content) == 1
    assert isinstance(result.content[0], FunctionCall)
    assert result.content[0].name == "_add_numbers"
    assert result.finish_reason == "function_calls"
    assert result.usage is not None

    # Parse arguments to verify correct values
    args = json.loads(result.content[0].arguments)
    assert args["a"] == 15
    assert args["b"] == 27


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_tool_choice_none_integration() -> None:
    """Test tool_choice parameter with 'none' setting using the actual OpenAI API."""
    api_key = os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY")
    if not api_key:
        pytest.skip("OPENAI_API_KEY not found in environment variables")

    def _pass_function(input: str) -> str:
        """Simple passthrough function."""
        return f"Processed: {input}"

    model = "gpt-4o-mini"
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model=model, api_key=api_key)

    # Define tools
    pass_tool = FunctionTool(_pass_function, description="Process input text", name="_pass_function")

    # Test none tool choice - model should not use any tools
    result = await client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="Hello there, how are you?", source="user")],
        tools=[pass_tool],
        tool_choice="none",  # Disable tool usage
    )

    assert isinstance(result.content, str)
    assert len(result.content) > 0
    assert result.finish_reason == "stop"
    assert result.usage is not None


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_tool_choice_required_integration() -> None:
    """Test tool_choice parameter with 'required' setting using the actual OpenAI API."""
    api_key = os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY")
    if not api_key:
        pytest.skip("OPENAI_API_KEY not found in environment variables")

    def _pass_function(input: str) -> str:
        """Simple passthrough function."""
        return f"Processed: {input}"

    def _add_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:
        """Add two numbers together."""
        return a + b

    model = "gpt-4o-mini"
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model=model, api_key=api_key)

    # Define tools
    pass_tool = FunctionTool(_pass_function, description="Process input text", name="_pass_function")
    add_tool = FunctionTool(_add_numbers, description="Add two numbers together", name="_add_numbers")

    # Test required tool choice - model must use a tool even for general conversation
    result = await client.create(
        messages=[UserMessage(content="Say hello to me", source="user")],
        tools=[pass_tool, add_tool],
        tool_choice="required",  # Force tool usage
    )

    assert isinstance(result.content, list)
    assert len(result.content) == 1
    assert isinstance(result.content[0], FunctionCall)
    assert result.content[0].name in ["_pass_function", "_add_numbers"]
    assert result.finish_reason == "function_calls"
    assert result.usage is not None


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_openai_tool_choice_validation_error_integration() -> None:
    """Test tool_choice validation with invalid tool reference using the actual OpenAI API."""
    api_key = os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY")
    if not api_key:
        pytest.skip("OPENAI_API_KEY not found in environment variables")

    def _pass_function(input: str) -> str:
        """Simple passthrough function."""
        return f"Processed: {input}"

    def _add_numbers(a: int, b: int) -> int:
        """Add two numbers together."""
        return a + b

    def _different_function(text: str) -> str:
        """Different function."""
        return text

    model = "gpt-4o-mini"
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(model=model, api_key=api_key)

    # Define tools
    pass_tool = FunctionTool(_pass_function, description="Process input text", name="_pass_function")
    add_tool = FunctionTool(_add_numbers, description="Add two numbers together", name="_add_numbers")
    different_tool = FunctionTool(_different_function, description="Different tool", name="_different_function")

    messages = [UserMessage(content="Hello there", source="user")]

    # Test with a tool that's not in the tools list
    with pytest.raises(
        ValueError, match="tool_choice references '_different_function' but it's not in the provided tools"
    ):
        await client.create(
            messages=messages,
            tools=[pass_tool, add_tool],
            tool_choice=different_tool,  # This tool is not in the tools list
        )


# GPT-5 model tests
def test_gpt5_model_resolution() -> None:
    """Test that GPT-5 models resolve correctly."""
    assert resolve_model("gpt-5") == "gpt-5-2025-08-07"
    assert resolve_model("gpt-5-mini") == "gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07"
    assert resolve_model("gpt-5-nano") == "gpt-5-nano-2025-08-07"


def test_gpt5_model_info() -> None:
    """Test that GPT-5 models have correct capabilities."""
    from autogen_ext.models.openai._model_info import get_info

    gpt5_info = get_info("gpt-5")
    assert gpt5_info["vision"] is True
    assert gpt5_info["function_calling"] is True
    assert gpt5_info["json_output"] is True
    assert gpt5_info["family"] == ModelFamily.GPT_5
    assert gpt5_info["structured_output"] is True
    assert gpt5_info.get("multiple_system_messages", False) is True

    gpt5_mini_info = get_info("gpt-5-mini")
    assert gpt5_mini_info["family"] == ModelFamily.GPT_5_MINI

    gpt5_nano_info = get_info("gpt-5-nano")
    assert gpt5_nano_info["family"] == ModelFamily.GPT_5_NANO


def test_gpt5_client_creation() -> None:
    """Test that GPT-5 client can be created with new parameters."""
    client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
        model="gpt-5",
        api_key="test-key",
    )
    assert client.model_info["family"] == ModelFamily.GPT_5


@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_gpt5_reasoning_effort_parameter() -> None:
    """Test that reasoning_effort parameter is properly handled."""
    # Mock the OpenAI client to avoid actual API calls
    import unittest.mock

    with unittest.mock.patch(
        "autogen_ext.models.openai._openai_client._openai_client_from_config"
    ) as mock_client_factory:
        mock_client = unittest.mock.AsyncMock()
        mock_client_factory.return_value = mock_client

        # Mock the completion response
        mock_response = unittest.mock.MagicMock()
        mock_response.choices = [unittest.mock.MagicMock()]
        mock_response.choices[0].message.content = "Test response"
        mock_response.choices[0].message.tool_calls = None
        mock_response.choices[0].message.function_call = None
        mock_response.choices[0].message.model_extra = None  # Add this to fix the validation error
        mock_response.choices[0].finish_reason = "stop"
        mock_response.choices[0].logprobs = None  # Add this to avoid potential issues
        mock_response.usage.prompt_tokens = 10
        mock_response.usage.completion_tokens = 5
        mock_response.model = "gpt-5-2025-08-07"

        mock_client.chat.completions.create.return_value = mock_response

        client = OpenAIChatCompletionClient(
            model="gpt-5",
            api_key="test-key",
        )

        messages = [UserMessage(content="Test message", source="user")]

        # Test with reasoning_effort parameter
        await client.create(messages, reasoning_effort="minimal", verbosity="low")

        # Verify the client was called with the correct parameters
        call_args = mock_client.chat.completions.create.call_args
        assert "reasoning_effort" in call_args.kwargs
        assert call_args.kwargs["reasoning_effort"] == "minimal"
        assert "verbosity" in call_args.kwargs
        assert call_args.kwargs["verbosity"] == "low"


def test_gpt5_model_families() -> None:
    """Test that GPT-5 model families are properly defined."""
    assert ModelFamily.GPT_5 == "gpt-5"
    assert ModelFamily.GPT_5_MINI == "gpt-5-mini"
    assert ModelFamily.GPT_5_NANO == "gpt-5-nano"

    # Check that they're included in the ANY type
    any_args = get_args(ModelFamily.ANY)
    assert "gpt-5" in any_args
    assert "gpt-5-mini" in any_args
    assert "gpt-5-nano" in any_args


# TODO: add integration tests for Azure OpenAI using AAD token.