diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux-mips-cpu-gcc.yml b/.github/workflows/linux-mips-cpu-gcc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73cbb2a6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux-mips-cpu-gcc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+name: linux-mips-cpu-gcc
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  linux-gcc-mipsel:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: cache-qemu
+      id: cache-qemu
+      uses: actions/cache@v1
+      with:
+        path: qemu-install
+        key: qemu-mipsel-install-1
+    - name: checkout-qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        repository: qemu/qemu
+        path: qemu
+        ref: 8746309137ba470d1b2e8f5ce86ac228625db940
+    - name: qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      run: |
+        cd qemu
+        ./configure --prefix=install --target-list=mipsel-linux-user --disable-system
+        make -j2
+        make install
+        cp -r mipsel-linux-user/install $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/qemu-install
+
+    - name: mipsel-gnu-toolchain
+      run: |
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install g++-mipsel-linux-gnu
+
+    - name: configure
+      run: mkdir build && cd build && cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../toolchains/mipsel-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake -DNCNN_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF -DNCNN_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF ..
+    - name: build
+      run: cmake --build build -j 2
+
+    - name: test
+      run: |
+        export PATH=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/qemu-install/bin:$PATH
+        cd build
+        TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER=qemu-mipsel TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER_ARGUMENTS="-L;/usr/mipsel-linux-gnu" ctest --output-on-failure -j 2
+
+  linux-gcc-mipsisa32r6el:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: cache-qemu
+      id: cache-qemu
+      uses: actions/cache@v1
+      with:
+        path: qemu-install
+        key: qemu-mipsel-install-1
+    - name: checkout-qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        repository: qemu/qemu
+        path: qemu
+        ref: 8746309137ba470d1b2e8f5ce86ac228625db940
+    - name: qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      run: |
+        cd qemu
+        ./configure --prefix=install --target-list=mipsel-linux-user --disable-system
+        make -j2
+        make install
+        cp -r mipsel-linux-user/install $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/qemu-install
+
+    - name: mipsisa32r6el-gnu-toolchain
+      run: |
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install g++-mipsisa32r6el-linux-gnu
+
+    - name: configure
+      run: mkdir build && cd build && cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../toolchains/mipsisa32r6el-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake -DNCNN_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF -DNCNN_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF ..
+    - name: build
+      run: cmake --build build -j 2
+
+    - name: test
+      run: |
+        export PATH=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/qemu-install/bin:$PATH
+        cd build
+        TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER=qemu-mipsel TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER_ARGUMENTS="-L;/usr/mipsisa32r6el-linux-gnu" ctest --output-on-failure -j 2
diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux-mips32-mti.yml b/.github/workflows/linux-mips32-mti.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index c2ad69c9d..000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/linux-mips32-mti.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-name: linux-mips32-mti
-on: [push, pull_request]
-jobs:
-  linux-mips-mti:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - name: mips-mti-compiler
-      continue-on-error: true
-      run: |
-        wget https://codescape.mips.com/components/toolchain/2019.09-01/Codescape.GNU.Tools.Package.2019.09-01.for.MIPS.MTI.Linux.CentOS-6.x86_64.tar.gz -O mips-mti-linux-gnu.tar.gz
-        tar -zxf mips-mti-linux-gnu.tar.gz
-    - name: configure
-      continue-on-error: true
-      run: |
-        export PATH=`pwd`/mips-mti-linux-gnu/2019.09-01/bin:$PATH
-        mkdir build && cd build && cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../toolchains/mips-mti-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake -DNCNN_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF ..
-    - name: build
-      continue-on-error: true
-      run: cmake --build build -j 2
diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux-mips64-cpu-gcc.yml b/.github/workflows/linux-mips64-cpu-gcc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ade9bfdba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux-mips64-cpu-gcc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+name: linux-mips64-cpu-gcc
+on: [push, pull_request]
+jobs:
+  linux-gcc-mips64el:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: cache-qemu
+      id: cache-qemu
+      uses: actions/cache@v1
+      with:
+        path: qemu-install
+        key: qemu-mips64el-install-1
+    - name: checkout-qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        repository: qemu/qemu
+        path: qemu
+        ref: 8746309137ba470d1b2e8f5ce86ac228625db940
+    - name: qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      run: |
+        cd qemu
+        ./configure --prefix=install --target-list=mips64el-linux-user --disable-system
+        make -j2
+        make install
+        cp -r mips64el-linux-user/install $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/qemu-install
+
+    - name: mips64el-gnuabi64-toolchain
+      run: |
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install g++-mips64el-linux-gnuabi64
+
+    - name: configure
+      run: mkdir build && cd build && cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../toolchains/mips64el-linux-gnuabi64.toolchain.cmake -DNCNN_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF -DNCNN_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF ..
+    - name: build
+      run: cmake --build build -j 2
+
+    - name: test
+      run: |
+        export PATH=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/qemu-install/bin:$PATH
+        cd build
+        TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER=qemu-mips64el TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER_ARGUMENTS="-L;/usr/mips64el-linux-gnuabi64" ctest --output-on-failure -j 2
+
+  linux-gcc-mipsisa64r6el:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: cache-qemu
+      id: cache-qemu
+      uses: actions/cache@v1
+      with:
+        path: qemu-install
+        key: qemu-mips64el-install-1
+    - name: checkout-qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        repository: qemu/qemu
+        path: qemu
+        ref: 8746309137ba470d1b2e8f5ce86ac228625db940
+    - name: qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      run: |
+        cd qemu
+        ./configure --prefix=install --target-list=mips64el-linux-user --disable-system
+        make -j2
+        make install
+        cp -r mips64el-linux-user/install $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/qemu-install
+
+    - name: mipsisa64r6el-gnuabi64-toolchain
+      run: |
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install g++-mipsisa64r6el-linux-gnuabi64
+
+    - name: configure
+      run: mkdir build && cd build && cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../toolchains/mipsisa64r6el-linux-gnuabi64.toolchain.cmake -DNCNN_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF -DNCNN_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF ..
+    - name: build
+      run: cmake --build build -j 2
+
+    - name: test
+      run: |
+        export PATH=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/qemu-install/bin:$PATH
+        cd build
+        TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER=qemu-mips64el TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER_ARGUMENTS="-L;/usr/mipsisa64r6el-linux-gnuabi64" ctest --output-on-failure -j 2
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-coverage.yml b/.github/workflows/test-coverage.yml
index e6445735e..a6477537d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-coverage.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-coverage.yml
@@ -230,3 +230,117 @@ jobs:
       with:
         token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
         file: build/lcov.info
+
+  linux-gcc-mipsisa32r6el:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: lcov
+      run: sudo apt-get install lcov
+    - name: cache-qemu
+      id: cache-qemu
+      uses: actions/cache@v1
+      with:
+        path: qemu-install
+        key: qemu-mipsel-install-1
+    - name: checkout-qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        repository: qemu/qemu
+        path: qemu
+        ref: 8746309137ba470d1b2e8f5ce86ac228625db940
+    - name: qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      run: |
+        cd qemu
+        ./configure --prefix=install --target-list=mipsel-linux-user --disable-system
+        make -j2
+        make install
+        cp -r mipsel-linux-user/install $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/qemu-install
+
+    - name: mipsisa32r6el-gnu-toolchain
+      run: |
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install g++-mipsisa32r6el-linux-gnu
+
+    - name: configure
+      run: mkdir build && cd build && cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../toolchains/mipsisa32r6el-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debug -DNCNN_COVERAGE=ON -DNCNN_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF -DNCNN_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF ..
+    - name: build
+      run: cmake --build build -j 2
+
+    - name: test
+      run: |
+        export PATH=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/qemu-install/bin:$PATH
+        cd build
+        TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER=qemu-mipsel TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER_ARGUMENTS="-L;/usr/mipsisa32r6el-linux-gnu" ctest --output-on-failure -j 2
+
+    - name: lcov-collect
+      run: |
+        cd build
+        lcov -d ./src -c -o lcov.info
+        lcov -r lcov.info '/usr/*' -o lcov.info
+        lcov --list lcov.info
+    - name: codecov
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1.0.11
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        file: build/lcov.info
+
+  linux-gcc-mipsisa64r6el:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    - name: lcov
+      run: sudo apt-get install lcov
+    - name: cache-qemu
+      id: cache-qemu
+      uses: actions/cache@v1
+      with:
+        path: qemu-install
+        key: qemu-mips64el-install-1
+    - name: checkout-qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        repository: qemu/qemu
+        path: qemu
+        ref: 8746309137ba470d1b2e8f5ce86ac228625db940
+    - name: qemu
+      if: steps.cache-qemu.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      run: |
+        cd qemu
+        ./configure --prefix=install --target-list=mips64el-linux-user --disable-system
+        make -j2
+        make install
+        cp -r mips64el-linux-user/install $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/qemu-install
+
+    - name: mipsisa64r6el-gnuabi64-toolchain
+      run: |
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install g++-mipsisa64r6el-linux-gnuabi64
+
+    - name: configure
+      run: mkdir build && cd build && cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../toolchains/mipsisa64r6el-linux-gnuabi64.toolchain.cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=debug -DNCNN_COVERAGE=ON -DNCNN_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF -DNCNN_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF ..
+    - name: build
+      run: cmake --build build -j 2
+
+    - name: test
+      run: |
+        export PATH=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/qemu-install/bin:$PATH
+        cd build
+        TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER=qemu-mips64el TESTS_EXECUTABLE_LOADER_ARGUMENTS="-L;/usr/mipsisa64r6el-linux-gnuabi64" ctest --output-on-failure -j 2
+
+    - name: lcov-collect
+      run: |
+        cd build
+        lcov -d ./src -c -o lcov.info
+        lcov -r lcov.info '/usr/*' -o lcov.info
+        lcov --list lcov.info
+    - name: codecov
+      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1.0.11
+      with:
+        token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+        file: build/lcov.info
diff --git a/toolchains/mips64el-linux-gnuabi64.toolchain.cmake b/toolchains/mips64el-linux-gnuabi64.toolchain.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d41abc71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolchains/mips64el-linux-gnuabi64.toolchain.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR mips64el)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER "mips64el-linux-gnuabi64-gcc")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "mips64el-linux-gnuabi64-g++")
+
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-march=mips64")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-march=mips64")
+
+# cache flags
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "c flags")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "c++ flags")
diff --git a/toolchains/mipsel-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake b/toolchains/mipsel-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c9c5d924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolchains/mipsel-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR mipsel)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER "mipsel-linux-gnu-gcc")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "mipsel-linux-gnu-g++")
+
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-march=mips32")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-march=mips32")
+
+# cache flags
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "c flags")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "c++ flags")
diff --git a/toolchains/mipsisa32r6-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake b/toolchains/mipsisa32r6-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake
deleted file mode 100644
index 8ac887afb..000000000
--- a/toolchains/mipsisa32r6-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-# set cross-compiled system type, it's better not use the type which cmake cannot recognized.
-SET ( CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux )
-SET ( CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR mips )
-# make sure mipsisa32r6-linux-gnu-gcc and mipsisa32r6-linux-gnu-g++ can be found in $PATH:
-SET ( CMAKE_C_COMPILER "mipsisa32r6-linux-gnu-gcc" )
-SET ( CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "mipsisa32r6-linux-gnu-g++" )
-
-# set searching rules for cross-compiler
-SET ( CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER )
-SET ( CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY )
-SET ( CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY )
-
-# set ${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} and ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}flag for cross-compiled process
-SET ( CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-std=c++11 -march=mips32r6 -mmsa -fopenmp ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}" )
-
-# other settings
-add_definitions(-D__MIPS_MSA)
-add_definitions(-DLINUX)
-SET ( LINUX true)
diff --git a/toolchains/mipsisa32r6el-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake b/toolchains/mipsisa32r6el-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..156fb3b97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolchains/mipsisa32r6el-linux-gnu.toolchain.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR mipsisa32r6el)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER "mipsisa32r6el-linux-gnu-gcc")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "mipsisa32r6el-linux-gnu-g++")
+
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-march=mips32r6")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-march=mips32r6")
+
+# cache flags
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "c flags")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "c++ flags")
diff --git a/toolchains/mipsisa64r6el-linux-gnuabi64.toolchain.cmake b/toolchains/mipsisa64r6el-linux-gnuabi64.toolchain.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..baf18e033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolchains/mipsisa64r6el-linux-gnuabi64.toolchain.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR mipsisa64r6el)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER "mipsisa64r6el-linux-gnuabi64-gcc")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "mipsisa64r6el-linux-gnuabi64-g++")
+
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
+set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "-march=mips64r6 -mmsa -mhard-float -mfp64 -mnan=2008")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-march=mips64r6 -mmsa -mhard-float -mfp64 -mnan=2008")
+
+# cache flags
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "c flags")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "c++ flags")