diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/ir.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/ir.cpp
index 171b65246..3f80d2186 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/ir.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/ir.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "storezip.h"
+#include "utils.h"
 
 namespace pnnx {
 
@@ -429,13 +430,7 @@ Attribute::Attribute(const at::Tensor& t)
 
     if (shape.size() > 0)
     {
-        int size = shape[0];
-        for (size_t i = 1; i < shape.size(); i++)
-        {
-            size *= shape[i];
-        }
-
-        data.resize(size * type_to_elemsize(type));
+        data.resize(elemcount() * type_to_elemsize(type));
         memcpy((void*)data.data(), (const void*)t.cpu().contiguous().data_ptr(), data.size());
     }
 }
@@ -448,14 +443,93 @@ Attribute::Attribute(const std::initializer_list<int>& _shape, const std::vector
 
     if (shape.size() > 0)
     {
-        int size = shape[0];
-        for (size_t i = 1; i < shape.size(); i++)
+        data.resize(elemcount() * type_to_elemsize(type));
+        memcpy((void*)data.data(), (const void*)t.data(), data.size());
+    }
+}
+
+size_t Attribute::elemsize() const
+{
+    return type_to_elemsize(type);
+}
+
+int Attribute::elemcount() const
+{
+    if (shape.empty())
+        return 0;
+
+    int size = shape[0];
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < shape.size(); i++)
+    {
+        size *= shape[i];
+    }
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+std::vector<float> Attribute::get_float32_data() const
+{
+    std::vector<float> v(elemcount());
+
+    if (type == 1)
+    {
+        memcpy((void*)v.data(), (const void*)data.data(), data.size());
+    }
+    else if (type == 2)
+    {
+        // f64
+        const double* p = (const double*)data.data();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)
         {
-            size *= shape[i];
+            v[i] = float(p[i]);
         }
+    }
+    else if (type == 3)
+    {
+        // f16
+        const unsigned short* p = (const unsigned short*)data.data();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)
+        {
+            v[i] = float16_to_float32(p[i]);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, "cannot convert type %d to float32 data\n", type);
+    }
 
-        data.resize(size * type_to_elemsize(type));
-        memcpy((void*)data.data(), (const void*)t.data(), data.size());
+    return v;
+}
+
+void Attribute::set_float32_data(const std::vector<float>& newdata)
+{
+    data.resize(newdata.size() * elemsize());
+
+    if (type == 1)
+    {
+        memcpy((void*)data.data(), (const void*)newdata.data(), data.size());
+    }
+    else if (type == 2)
+    {
+        // f64
+        double* p = (double*)data.data();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < newdata.size(); i++)
+        {
+            p[i] = newdata[i];
+        }
+    }
+    else if (type == 3)
+    {
+        // f16
+        unsigned short* p = (unsigned short*)data.data();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < newdata.size(); i++)
+        {
+            p[i] = float32_to_float16(newdata[i]);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, "cannot convert float32 data to type %d\n", type);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/ir.h b/tools/pnnx/src/ir.h
index 605fb6604..46efbcb1f 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/ir.h
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/ir.h
@@ -205,6 +205,13 @@ public:
 
     Attribute(const std::initializer_list<int>& shape, const std::vector<float>& t);
 
+    size_t elemsize() const;
+    int elemcount() const;
+
+    // convenient routines for manipulate fp32/fp16 weight
+    std::vector<float> get_float32_data() const;
+    void set_float32_data(const std::vector<float>& data);
+
     // 0=null 1=f32 2=f64 3=f16 4=i32 5=i64 6=i16 7=i8 8=u8 9=bool 10=c64 11=c128 12=c32
     int type;
     std::vector<int> shape;
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level3/eliminate_noop_math.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level3/eliminate_noop_math.cpp
index db78fa435..40e583dd2 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level3/eliminate_noop_math.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level3/eliminate_noop_math.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "eliminate_noop_math.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include "utils.h"
 #include "pass_level2.h"
 #include "pass_level4/dead_code_elimination.h"
 
@@ -77,6 +78,16 @@ static bool attribute_is_all_constant(const Operator* op_attr, float vf, int vi)
                 return false;
         }
     }
+    else if (attr.type == 3)
+    {
+        // f16
+        const unsigned short* p = (const unsigned short*)attr.data.data();
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
+        {
+            if (float16_to_float32(p[i]) != vf)
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
     else if (attr.type == 4)
     {
         const int* p = (const int*)attr.data.data();
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_conv1d_batchnorm1d.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_conv1d_batchnorm1d.cpp
index 033dbafc1..c471dc6a5 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_conv1d_batchnorm1d.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_conv1d_batchnorm1d.cpp
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         bool has_bn_affine = captured_params.at("affine").b;
         bool has_conv_bias = captured_params.at("bias").b;
 
-        const float* bn_running_mean = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_mean").data.data();
-        const float* bn_running_var = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_var").data.data();
-        const float* bn_weight = has_bn_affine ? (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.weight").data.data() : 0;
-        const float* bn_bias = has_bn_affine ? (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").data.data() : 0;
+        auto bn_running_mean = captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_mean").get_float32_data();
+        auto bn_running_var = captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_var").get_float32_data();
+        auto bn_weight = has_bn_affine ? captured_attrs.at("op_1.weight").get_float32_data() : std::vector<float>();
+        auto bn_bias = has_bn_affine ? captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").get_float32_data() : std::vector<float>();
 
         // a = bias - slope * mean / sqrt(var + eps)
         // b = slope / sqrt(var + eps)
@@ -100,22 +100,20 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         {
             // init bias as zero
             op->attrs["bias"] = Attribute();
-            op->attrs["bias"].type = 1;
+            op->attrs["bias"].type = op->attrs["weight"].type;
             op->attrs["bias"].shape = {channels};
-
-            op->attrs["bias"].data.resize(channels * sizeof(float));
-            memset(op->attrs["bias"].data.data(), 0, channels * sizeof(float));
+            op->attrs["bias"].set_float32_data(std::vector<float>(channels, 0.f));
         }
 
-        float* conv_weight = (float*)op->attrs["weight"].data.data();
-        float* conv_bias = (float*)op->attrs["bias"].data.data();
+        auto conv_weight = op->attrs["weight"].get_float32_data();
+        auto conv_bias = op->attrs["bias"].get_float32_data();
 
         const int outch = captured_params.at("out_channels").i;
-        const int weight_per_outch = op->attrs["weight"].data.size() / sizeof(float) / outch;
+        const int weight_per_outch = op->attrs["weight"].elemcount() / outch;
 
         for (int i = 0; i < channels; i++)
         {
-            float* conv_weight_outch = conv_weight + weight_per_outch * i;
+            float* conv_weight_outch = (float*)conv_weight.data() + weight_per_outch * i;
             for (int j = 0; j < weight_per_outch; j++)
             {
                 conv_weight_outch[j] *= b[i];
@@ -123,6 +121,9 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
             conv_bias[i] = conv_bias[i] * b[i] + a[i];
         }
+
+        op->attrs["weight"].set_float32_data(conv_weight);
+        op->attrs["bias"].set_float32_data(conv_bias);
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_conv2d_batchnorm2d.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_conv2d_batchnorm2d.cpp
index 48499a014..3c207c71a 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_conv2d_batchnorm2d.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_conv2d_batchnorm2d.cpp
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         bool has_bn_affine = captured_params.at("affine").b;
         bool has_conv_bias = captured_params.at("bias").b;
 
-        const float* bn_running_mean = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_mean").data.data();
-        const float* bn_running_var = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_var").data.data();
-        const float* bn_weight = has_bn_affine ? (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.weight").data.data() : 0;
-        const float* bn_bias = has_bn_affine ? (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").data.data() : 0;
+        auto bn_running_mean = captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_mean").get_float32_data();
+        auto bn_running_var = captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_var").get_float32_data();
+        auto bn_weight = has_bn_affine ? captured_attrs.at("op_1.weight").get_float32_data() : std::vector<float>();
+        auto bn_bias = has_bn_affine ? captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").get_float32_data() : std::vector<float>();
 
         // a = bias - slope * mean / sqrt(var + eps)
         // b = slope / sqrt(var + eps)
@@ -100,22 +100,20 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         {
             // init bias as zero
             op->attrs["bias"] = Attribute();
-            op->attrs["bias"].type = 1;
+            op->attrs["bias"].type = op->attrs["weight"].type;
             op->attrs["bias"].shape = {channels};
-
-            op->attrs["bias"].data.resize(channels * sizeof(float));
-            memset(op->attrs["bias"].data.data(), 0, channels * sizeof(float));
+            op->attrs["bias"].set_float32_data(std::vector<float>(channels, 0.f));
         }
 
-        float* conv_weight = (float*)op->attrs["weight"].data.data();
-        float* conv_bias = (float*)op->attrs["bias"].data.data();
+        auto conv_weight = op->attrs["weight"].get_float32_data();
+        auto conv_bias = op->attrs["bias"].get_float32_data();
 
         const int outch = captured_params.at("out_channels").i;
-        const int weight_per_outch = op->attrs["weight"].data.size() / sizeof(float) / outch;
+        const int weight_per_outch = op->attrs["weight"].elemcount() / outch;
 
         for (int i = 0; i < channels; i++)
         {
-            float* conv_weight_outch = conv_weight + weight_per_outch * i;
+            float* conv_weight_outch = conv_weight.data() + weight_per_outch * i;
             for (int j = 0; j < weight_per_outch; j++)
             {
                 conv_weight_outch[j] *= b[i];
@@ -123,6 +121,9 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
             conv_bias[i] = conv_bias[i] * b[i] + a[i];
         }
+
+        op->attrs["weight"].set_float32_data(conv_weight);
+        op->attrs["bias"].set_float32_data(conv_bias);
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_convtranspose1d_batchnorm1d.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_convtranspose1d_batchnorm1d.cpp
index 7bf3343a7..0b0603ffe 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_convtranspose1d_batchnorm1d.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_convtranspose1d_batchnorm1d.cpp
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         bool has_bn_affine = captured_params.at("affine").b;
         bool has_convtranspose_bias = captured_params.at("bias").b;
 
-        const float* bn_running_mean = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_mean").data.data();
-        const float* bn_running_var = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_var").data.data();
-        const float* bn_weight = has_bn_affine ? (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.weight").data.data() : 0;
-        const float* bn_bias = has_bn_affine ? (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").data.data() : 0;
+        auto bn_running_mean = captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_mean").get_float32_data();
+        auto bn_running_var = captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_var").get_float32_data();
+        auto bn_weight = has_bn_affine ? captured_attrs.at("op_1.weight").get_float32_data() : std::vector<float>();
+        auto bn_bias = has_bn_affine ? captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").get_float32_data() : std::vector<float>();
 
         // a = bias - slope * mean / sqrt(var + eps)
         // b = slope / sqrt(var + eps)
@@ -100,15 +100,13 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         {
             // init bias as zero
             op->attrs["bias"] = Attribute();
-            op->attrs["bias"].type = 1;
+            op->attrs["bias"].type = op->attrs["weight"].type;
             op->attrs["bias"].shape = {channels};
-
-            op->attrs["bias"].data.resize(channels * sizeof(float));
-            memset(op->attrs["bias"].data.data(), 0, channels * sizeof(float));
+            op->attrs["bias"].set_float32_data(std::vector<float>(channels, 0.f));
         }
 
-        float* conv_weight = (float*)op->attrs["weight"].data.data();
-        float* conv_bias = (float*)op->attrs["bias"].data.data();
+        auto conv_weight = op->attrs["weight"].get_float32_data();
+        auto conv_bias = op->attrs["bias"].get_float32_data();
 
         // group-inch/group-outch/group-kw
         const int inch = captured_params.at("in_channels").i;
@@ -121,7 +119,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
         for (int g = 0; g < groups; g++)
         {
-            float* wg = conv_weight + g * inch_g * outch_g * kw;
+            float* wg = (float*)conv_weight.data() + g * inch_g * outch_g * kw;
             for (int i = 0; i < inch_g; i++)
             {
                 for (int j = 0; j < outch_g; j++)
@@ -138,6 +136,9 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         {
             conv_bias[i] = conv_bias[i] * b[i] + a[i];
         }
+
+        op->attrs["weight"].set_float32_data(conv_weight);
+        op->attrs["bias"].set_float32_data(conv_bias);
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_convtranspose2d_batchnorm2d.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_convtranspose2d_batchnorm2d.cpp
index 3a718fa9d..fc3244654 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_convtranspose2d_batchnorm2d.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_convtranspose2d_batchnorm2d.cpp
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         bool has_bn_affine = captured_params.at("affine").b;
         bool has_convtranspose_bias = captured_params.at("bias").b;
 
-        const float* bn_running_mean = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_mean").data.data();
-        const float* bn_running_var = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_var").data.data();
-        const float* bn_weight = has_bn_affine ? (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.weight").data.data() : 0;
-        const float* bn_bias = has_bn_affine ? (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").data.data() : 0;
+        auto bn_running_mean = captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_mean").get_float32_data();
+        auto bn_running_var = captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_var").get_float32_data();
+        auto bn_weight = has_bn_affine ? captured_attrs.at("op_1.weight").get_float32_data() : std::vector<float>();
+        auto bn_bias = has_bn_affine ? captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").get_float32_data() : std::vector<float>();
 
         // a = bias - slope * mean / sqrt(var + eps)
         // b = slope / sqrt(var + eps)
@@ -100,15 +100,13 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         {
             // init bias as zero
             op->attrs["bias"] = Attribute();
-            op->attrs["bias"].type = 1;
+            op->attrs["bias"].type = op->attrs["weight"].type;
             op->attrs["bias"].shape = {channels};
-
-            op->attrs["bias"].data.resize(channels * sizeof(float));
-            memset(op->attrs["bias"].data.data(), 0, channels * sizeof(float));
+            op->attrs["bias"].set_float32_data(std::vector<float>(channels, 0.f));
         }
 
-        float* conv_weight = (float*)op->attrs["weight"].data.data();
-        float* conv_bias = (float*)op->attrs["bias"].data.data();
+        auto conv_weight = op->attrs["weight"].get_float32_data();
+        auto conv_bias = op->attrs["bias"].get_float32_data();
 
         // group-inch/group-outch/group-kh-kw
         const int inch = captured_params.at("in_channels").i;
@@ -123,7 +121,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
         for (int g = 0; g < groups; g++)
         {
-            float* wg = conv_weight + g * inch_g * outch_g * maxk;
+            float* wg = (float*)conv_weight.data() + g * inch_g * outch_g * maxk;
             for (int i = 0; i < inch_g; i++)
             {
                 for (int j = 0; j < outch_g; j++)
@@ -140,6 +138,9 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         {
             conv_bias[i] = conv_bias[i] * b[i] + a[i];
         }
+
+        op->attrs["weight"].set_float32_data(conv_weight);
+        op->attrs["bias"].set_float32_data(conv_bias);
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_linear_batchnorm1d.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_linear_batchnorm1d.cpp
index a56657fee..679cf7ec9 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_linear_batchnorm1d.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_linear_batchnorm1d.cpp
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         bool has_bn_affine = captured_params.at("affine").b;
         bool has_conv_bias = captured_params.at("bias").b;
 
-        const float* bn_running_mean = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_mean").data.data();
-        const float* bn_running_var = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_var").data.data();
-        const float* bn_weight = has_bn_affine ? (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.weight").data.data() : 0;
-        const float* bn_bias = has_bn_affine ? (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").data.data() : 0;
+        auto bn_running_mean = captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_mean").get_float32_data();
+        auto bn_running_var = captured_attrs.at("op_1.running_var").get_float32_data();
+        auto bn_weight = has_bn_affine ? captured_attrs.at("op_1.weight").get_float32_data() : std::vector<float>();
+        auto bn_bias = has_bn_affine ? captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").get_float32_data() : std::vector<float>();
 
         // a = bias - slope * mean / sqrt(var + eps)
         // b = slope / sqrt(var + eps)
@@ -94,21 +94,19 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         {
             // init bias as zero
             op->attrs["bias"] = Attribute();
-            op->attrs["bias"].type = 1;
+            op->attrs["bias"].type = op->attrs["weight"].type;
             op->attrs["bias"].shape = {channels};
-
-            op->attrs["bias"].data.resize(channels * sizeof(float));
-            memset(op->attrs["bias"].data.data(), 0, channels * sizeof(float));
+            op->attrs["bias"].set_float32_data(std::vector<float>(channels, 0.f));
         }
 
-        float* conv_weight = (float*)op->attrs["weight"].data.data();
-        float* conv_bias = (float*)op->attrs["bias"].data.data();
+        auto conv_weight = op->attrs["weight"].get_float32_data();
+        auto conv_bias = op->attrs["bias"].get_float32_data();
 
         const int weight_per_outch = op->params["in_features"].i;
 
         for (int i = 0; i < channels; i++)
         {
-            float* conv_weight_outch = conv_weight + weight_per_outch * i;
+            float* conv_weight_outch = (float*)conv_weight.data() + weight_per_outch * i;
             for (int j = 0; j < weight_per_outch; j++)
             {
                 conv_weight_outch[j] *= b[i];
@@ -116,6 +114,9 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
             conv_bias[i] = conv_bias[i] * b[i] + a[i];
         }
+
+        op->attrs["weight"].set_float32_data(conv_weight);
+        op->attrs["bias"].set_float32_data(conv_bias);
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_multiheadattention.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_multiheadattention.cpp
index 8e4dc0b59..712735834 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_multiheadattention.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_level5/fuse_multiheadattention.cpp
@@ -132,11 +132,9 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             {
                 // init bias as zero
                 op->attrs["in_proj_bias"] = Attribute();
-                op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].type = 1;
+                op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].type = op->attrs["in_proj_weight"].type;
                 op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].shape = {embed_dim * 3};
-
-                op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].data.resize(embed_dim * 3 * sizeof(float));
-                memset(op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].data.data(), 0, embed_dim * 3 * sizeof(float));
+                op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].set_float32_data(std::vector<float>(embed_dim * 3, 0.f));
             }
         }
 
@@ -151,11 +149,9 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             {
                 // init bias as zero
                 op->attrs["out_proj.bias"] = Attribute();
-                op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].type = 1;
+                op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].type = op->attrs["out_proj.weight"].type;
                 op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].shape = {embed_dim};
-
-                op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].data.resize(embed_dim * sizeof(float));
-                memset(op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].data.data(), 0, embed_dim * sizeof(float));
+                op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].set_float32_data(std::vector<float>(embed_dim, 0.f));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -337,36 +333,23 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         op->params["add_bias_kv"] = false;
         op->params["bias"] = bias;
 
-        op->attrs["in_proj_weight"] = Attribute();
-        op->attrs["in_proj_weight"].type = 1;
-        op->attrs["in_proj_weight"].shape = {embed_dim * 3, embed_dim};
-        op->attrs["in_proj_weight"].data.resize(embed_dim * 3 * embed_dim * sizeof(float));
-
-        // combine qkv weight
-        {
-            float* in_proj_weight_ptr = (float*)op->attrs["in_proj_weight"].data.data();
-            memcpy(in_proj_weight_ptr, captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.data(), embed_dim * embed_dim * sizeof(float));
-            in_proj_weight_ptr += embed_dim * embed_dim;
-            memcpy(in_proj_weight_ptr, captured_attrs.at("op_1.weight").data.data(), embed_dim * embed_dim * sizeof(float));
-            in_proj_weight_ptr += embed_dim * embed_dim;
-            memcpy(in_proj_weight_ptr, captured_attrs.at("op_2.weight").data.data(), embed_dim * embed_dim * sizeof(float));
-        }
+        op->attrs["in_proj_weight"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight") + captured_attrs.at("op_1.weight") + captured_attrs.at("op_2.weight");
 
         op->attrs["out_proj.weight"] = captured_attrs.at("out_proj.weight");
 
         if (bias)
         {
             op->attrs["in_proj_bias"] = Attribute();
-            op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].type = 1;
+            op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].type = op->attrs["in_proj_weight"].type;
             op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].shape = {embed_dim * 3};
-            op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].data.resize(embed_dim * 3 * sizeof(float));
-
             // combine qkv bias
+            std::vector<float> in_proj_bias(embed_dim * 3);
             {
-                float* in_proj_bias_ptr = (float*)op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].data.data();
+                float* in_proj_bias_ptr = (float*)in_proj_bias.data();
                 if (q_bias)
                 {
-                    memcpy(in_proj_bias_ptr, captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias").data.data(), embed_dim * sizeof(float));
+                    auto qb = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias").get_float32_data();
+                    memcpy(in_proj_bias_ptr, (const void*)qb.data(), embed_dim * sizeof(float));
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -375,7 +358,8 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
                 in_proj_bias_ptr += embed_dim;
                 if (k_bias)
                 {
-                    memcpy(in_proj_bias_ptr, captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").data.data(), embed_dim * sizeof(float));
+                    auto kb = captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").get_float32_data();
+                    memcpy(in_proj_bias_ptr, (const void*)kb.data(), embed_dim * sizeof(float));
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -384,13 +368,15 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
                 in_proj_bias_ptr += embed_dim;
                 if (v_bias)
                 {
-                    memcpy(in_proj_bias_ptr, captured_attrs.at("op_2.bias").data.data(), embed_dim * sizeof(float));
+                    auto vb = captured_attrs.at("op_2.bias").get_float32_data();
+                    memcpy(in_proj_bias_ptr, (const void*)vb.data(), embed_dim * sizeof(float));
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     memset(in_proj_bias_ptr, 0, embed_dim * sizeof(float));
                 }
             }
+            op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].set_float32_data(in_proj_bias);
 
             if (out_bias)
             {
@@ -400,11 +386,9 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             {
                 // init bias as zero
                 op->attrs["out_proj.bias"] = Attribute();
-                op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].type = 1;
+                op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].type = op->attrs["out_proj.weight"].type;
                 op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].shape = {embed_dim};
-
-                op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].data.resize(embed_dim * sizeof(float));
-                memset(op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].data.data(), 0, embed_dim * sizeof(float));
+                op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].set_float32_data(std::vector<float>(embed_dim, 0.f));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -536,16 +520,16 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         if (bias)
         {
             op->attrs["in_proj_bias"] = Attribute();
-            op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].type = 1;
+            op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].type = op->attrs["q_proj_weight"].type;
             op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].shape = {embed_dim * 3};
-            op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].data.resize(embed_dim * 3 * sizeof(float));
-
             // combine qkv bias
+            std::vector<float> in_proj_bias(embed_dim * 3);
             {
-                float* in_proj_bias_ptr = (float*)op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].data.data();
+                float* in_proj_bias_ptr = (float*)in_proj_bias.data();
                 if (q_bias)
                 {
-                    memcpy(in_proj_bias_ptr, captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias").data.data(), embed_dim * sizeof(float));
+                    auto qb = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias").get_float32_data();
+                    memcpy(in_proj_bias_ptr, (const void*)qb.data(), embed_dim * sizeof(float));
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -554,7 +538,8 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
                 in_proj_bias_ptr += embed_dim;
                 if (k_bias)
                 {
-                    memcpy(in_proj_bias_ptr, captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").data.data(), embed_dim * sizeof(float));
+                    auto kb = captured_attrs.at("op_1.bias").get_float32_data();
+                    memcpy(in_proj_bias_ptr, (const void*)kb.data(), embed_dim * sizeof(float));
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -563,13 +548,15 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
                 in_proj_bias_ptr += embed_dim;
                 if (v_bias)
                 {
-                    memcpy(in_proj_bias_ptr, captured_attrs.at("op_2.bias").data.data(), embed_dim * sizeof(float));
+                    auto vb = captured_attrs.at("op_2.bias").get_float32_data();
+                    memcpy(in_proj_bias_ptr, (const void*)vb.data(), embed_dim * sizeof(float));
                 }
                 else
                 {
                     memset(in_proj_bias_ptr, 0, embed_dim * sizeof(float));
                 }
             }
+            op->attrs["in_proj_bias"].set_float32_data(in_proj_bias);
 
             if (out_bias)
             {
@@ -579,11 +566,9 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             {
                 // init bias as zero
                 op->attrs["out_proj.bias"] = Attribute();
-                op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].type = 1;
+                op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].type = op->attrs["out_proj.weight"].type;
                 op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].shape = {embed_dim};
-
-                op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].data.resize(embed_dim * sizeof(float));
-                memset(op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].data.data(), 0, embed_dim * sizeof(float));
+                op->attrs["out_proj.bias"].set_float32_data(std::vector<float>(embed_dim, 0.f));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1284,15 +1269,223 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         if (attn_mask->consumers.size() > 1 || attn_mask->producer->type != "pnnx.Attribute")
             return false;
 
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params, const std::map<std::string, Attribute>& captured_attrs) const
+    {
+        fuse_multiheadattention_pass_sameqkv::write(op, captured_params, captured_attrs);
+
+        Operand* attn_mask = op->inputs[1];
         Operator* op_attr = attn_mask->producer;
 
         // hack attn_mask shape
         attn_mask->shape = std::vector<int>{attn_mask->shape[2], attn_mask->shape[3]};
         const std::string key = op_attr->attrs.begin()->first;
         op_attr->attrs[key].shape = attn_mask->shape;
+    }
+};
+
+class fuse_multiheadattention_pass_17 : public fuse_multiheadattention_pass
+{
+public:
+    const char* match_pattern_graph() const
+    {
+        return R"PNNXIR(7767517
+17 16
+pnnx.Input              input_0     0 1 input
+pnnx.Input              input_1     0 1 attn_mask
+nn.Linear               op_0        1 1 input 8 bias=%qkv_bias in_features=%embed_dim out_features=%qkv_out_features @bias @weight
+Tensor.reshape          op_1        1 1 8 9 shape=%shape
+torch.permute           op_2        1 1 9 10 dims=(2,0,3,1,4)
+torch.unbind            op_3        1 3 10 11 12 13 dim=0
+pnnx.Expression         op_4        1 1 11 14 expr=%expr
+torch.transpose         op_5        1 1 12 15 dim0=-2 dim1=-1
+torch.matmul            op_6        2 1 14 15 16
+pnnx.Expression         op_7        2 1 16 attn_mask 18 expr=%expr2
+F.softmax               op_8        1 1 18 19 dim=-1
+torch.matmul            op_9        2 1 19 13 20
+torch.transpose         op_10       1 1 20 21 dim0=1 dim1=2
+Tensor.reshape          op_11       1 1 21 22 shape=%shape2
+nn.Linear               out_proj    1 1 22 out bias=%out_proj_bias in_features=%embed_dim out_features=%embed_dim @bias @weight
+pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
+)PNNXIR";
+    }
+
+    bool match(const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
+    {
+        bool matched = fuse_multiheadattention_pass::match(captured_params);
+        if (!matched)
+            return false;
+
+        if (captured_params.at("expr2").s != "add(@0,@1)")
+            return false;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool match(const std::map<std::string, const Operator*>& matched_operators) const
+    {
+        const Operator* op_7 = matched_operators.at("op_7");
+
+        // support constant attention mask only atm
+        Operand* attn_mask = op_7->inputs[1];
+        if (attn_mask->consumers.size() > 1 || attn_mask->producer->type != "pnnx.Attribute")
+            return false;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params, const std::map<std::string, Attribute>& captured_attrs) const
+    {
+        fuse_multiheadattention_pass::write(op, captured_params, captured_attrs);
+
+        Operand* attn_mask = op->inputs[1];
+        Operator* op_attr = attn_mask->producer;
+
+        int batch = op->inputs[0]->shape[0];
+
+        // hack attn_mask shape
+        attn_mask->shape = std::vector<int>{batch * attn_mask->shape[1], attn_mask->shape[2], attn_mask->shape[3]};
+        const std::string key = op_attr->attrs.begin()->first;
+        op_attr->attrs[key].shape = attn_mask->shape;
+
+        // hack attn_mask value
+        std::vector<char>& data = op_attr->attrs[key].data;
+        size_t len = data.size();
+        data.resize(len * batch);
+        for (int i = 1; i < batch; i++)
+        {
+            memcpy(&data[len * i], &data[0], len);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+class fuse_multiheadattention_pass_18 : public fuse_multiheadattention_pass
+{
+public:
+    const char* match_pattern_graph() const
+    {
+        return R"PNNXIR(7767517
+20 19
+pnnx.Input              input_0     0 1 input
+pnnx.Input              input_1     0 1 attn_mask
+nn.Linear               op_0        1 1 input 25 bias=%qkv_bias in_features=%embed_dim out_features=%qkv_out_features @bias @weight
+Tensor.reshape          op_1        1 1 25 26 shape=%shape
+torch.permute           op_2        1 1 26 27 dims=(2,0,3,1,4)
+torch.unbind            op_3        1 3 27 28 29 30 dim=0
+pnnx.Expression         op_4        1 1 28 31 expr=%expr
+torch.transpose         op_5        1 1 29 32 dim0=-2 dim1=-1
+torch.matmul            op_6        2 1 31 32 33
+pnnx.Expression         op_7        2 1 33 attn_mask 35 expr=%expr2
+Tensor.view             op_8        1 1 35 36 shape=%shapep
+pnnx.Attribute          op_9        0 1 37 @mask2
+pnnx.Expression         op_10       2 1 36 37 38 expr=%expr2
+Tensor.view             op_11       1 1 38 39 shape=%shapeq
+F.softmax               op_12       1 1 39 40 dim=-1
+torch.matmul            op_13       2 1 40 30 41
+torch.transpose         op_14       1 1 41 42 dim0=1 dim1=2
+Tensor.reshape          op_15       1 1 42 43 shape=%shape2
+nn.Linear               out_proj    1 1 43 out bias=%out_proj_bias in_features=%embed_dim out_features=%embed_dim @bias @weight
+pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
+)PNNXIR";
+    }
+
+    bool match(const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params) const
+    {
+        bool matched = fuse_multiheadattention_pass::match(captured_params);
+        if (!matched)
+            return false;
+
+        if (captured_params.at("expr2").s != "add(@0,@1)")
+            return false;
+
+        // (1,64,3,49,49)
+        // (-1,3,49,49)
+        const std::vector<int>& shapep = captured_params.at("shapep").ai;
+        const std::vector<int>& shapeq = captured_params.at("shapeq").ai;
+        if (shapep.size() != 5 || shapeq.size() != 4)
+            return false;
+
+        if (shapep[0] != 1 || (shapep[1] != shapeq[0] && shapeq[0] != -1) || shapep[2] != shapeq[1] || shapep[3] != shapeq[2] || shapep[4] != shapeq[3])
+            return false;
 
         return true;
     }
+
+    bool match(const std::map<std::string, const Operator*>& matched_operators) const
+    {
+        const Operator* op_7 = matched_operators.at("op_7");
+
+        // support constant attention mask only atm
+        Operand* attn_mask = op_7->inputs[1];
+        if (attn_mask->consumers.size() > 1 || attn_mask->producer->type != "pnnx.Attribute")
+            return false;
+
+        // @mask2=(1,64,1,49,49)f32
+        if (attn_mask->shape.size() != 5)
+            return false;
+
+        if (attn_mask->shape[0] != 1 || attn_mask->shape[2] != 1)
+            return false;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void write(Operator* op, const std::map<std::string, Parameter>& captured_params, const std::map<std::string, Attribute>& captured_attrs) const
+    {
+        fuse_multiheadattention_pass::write(op, captured_params, captured_attrs);
+
+        int num_heads = captured_params.at("shape").ai[captured_params.at("shape").ai.size() - 2];
+
+        Operand* attn_mask = op->inputs[1];
+        Operator* op_attr = attn_mask->producer;
+
+        // @mask2=(1,64,1,49,49)f32
+        Attribute mask2;
+        for (const auto& x : captured_attrs)
+        {
+            if (x.first.substr(0, 5) == "op_9.")
+                mask2 = x.second;
+        }
+
+        int batch = op->inputs[0]->shape[0];
+
+        // hack attn_mask shape
+        attn_mask->shape = std::vector<int>{batch * attn_mask->shape[1], attn_mask->shape[2], attn_mask->shape[3]};
+        const std::string key = op_attr->attrs.begin()->first;
+        op_attr->attrs[key].shape = attn_mask->shape;
+
+        // hack attn_mask value
+        std::vector<char>& data = op_attr->attrs[key].data;
+        size_t len = data.size();
+        data.resize(len * batch);
+        for (int i = 1; i < batch; i++)
+        {
+            memcpy(&data[len * i], &data[0], len);
+        }
+
+        // add mask2
+        {
+            auto maskdata = op_attr->attrs[key].get_float32_data();
+            const int ls = mask2.shape[3] * mask2.shape[4];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < batch; i++)
+            {
+                for (int n = 0; n < num_heads; n++)
+                {
+                    float* p = (float*)maskdata.data() + ls * (i * num_heads + n);
+                    const float* p2 = ((float*)mask2.data.data()) + ls * i;
+                    for (int k = 0; k < ls; k++)
+                    {
+                        p[k] += p2[k];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            op_attr->attrs[key].set_float32_data(maskdata);
+        }
+    }
 };
 
 void fuse_multiheadattention(Graph& graph)
@@ -1318,6 +1511,8 @@ void fuse_multiheadattention(Graph& graph)
     fuse_multiheadattention_pass_14 m;
     fuse_multiheadattention_pass_15 n;
     fuse_multiheadattention_pass_16 o;
+    fuse_multiheadattention_pass_17 p;
+    fuse_multiheadattention_pass_18 q;
     int opindex = 0;
 
     pnnx_graph_rewrite(graph, &a, opindex);
@@ -1340,6 +1535,8 @@ void fuse_multiheadattention(Graph& graph)
     pnnx_graph_rewrite(graph, &m, opindex);
     pnnx_graph_rewrite(graph, &n, opindex);
     pnnx_graph_rewrite(graph, &o, opindex);
+    pnnx_graph_rewrite(graph, &p, opindex);
+    pnnx_graph_rewrite(graph, &q, opindex);
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/F_embedding.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/F_embedding.cpp
index 37fbe30a7..ad2978533 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/F_embedding.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/F_embedding.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         op->params["0"] = weight.shape[1];
         op->params["1"] = weight.shape[0];
         op->params["2"] = 0;
-        op->params["3"] = (int)(weight.data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["3"] = weight.elemcount();
 
         op->attrs["0"] = Attribute();
         op->attrs["0"].data = {0, 0, 0, 0};
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/convert_half_to_float.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/convert_half_to_float.cpp
index 1458fd414..3e8cc2923 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/convert_half_to_float.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/convert_half_to_float.cpp
@@ -14,61 +14,12 @@
 
 #include "convert_half_to_float.h"
 
+#include <string.h>
+
 namespace pnnx {
 
 namespace ncnn {
 
-static float float16_to_float32(unsigned short value)
-{
-    // 1 : 5 : 10
-    unsigned short sign = (value & 0x8000) >> 15;
-    unsigned short exponent = (value & 0x7c00) >> 10;
-    unsigned short significand = value & 0x03FF;
-
-    //     NCNN_LOGE("%d %d %d", sign, exponent, significand);
-
-    // 1 : 8 : 23
-    union
-    {
-        unsigned int u;
-        float f;
-    } tmp;
-    if (exponent == 0)
-    {
-        if (significand == 0)
-        {
-            // zero
-            tmp.u = (sign << 31);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            // denormal
-            exponent = 0;
-            // find non-zero bit
-            while ((significand & 0x200) == 0)
-            {
-                significand <<= 1;
-                exponent++;
-            }
-            significand <<= 1;
-            significand &= 0x3FF;
-            tmp.u = (sign << 31) | ((-exponent + (-15 + 127)) << 23) | (significand << 13);
-        }
-    }
-    else if (exponent == 0x1F)
-    {
-        // infinity or NaN
-        tmp.u = (sign << 31) | (0xFF << 23) | (significand << 13);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // normalized
-        tmp.u = (sign << 31) | ((exponent + (-15 + 127)) << 23) | (significand << 13);
-    }
-
-    return tmp.f;
-}
-
 void convert_half_to_float(Graph& graph)
 {
     for (Operator* op : graph.ops)
@@ -89,15 +40,10 @@ void convert_half_to_float(Graph& graph)
                 Attribute attr_new;
                 attr_new.type = 1;
                 attr_new.shape = attr.shape;
-                attr_new.data.resize(attr.data.size() * 2);
+                attr_new.data.resize(attr.elemcount() * 4);
 
-                const unsigned short* p = (const unsigned short*)attr.data.data();
-                float* outp = (float*)attr_new.data.data();
-                int len = attr_new.data.size() / 4;
-                for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
-                {
-                    outp[i] = float16_to_float32(p[i]);
-                }
+                auto p = attr.get_float32_data();
+                memcpy((void*)attr_new.data.data(), (const void*)p.data(), attr_new.data.size());
 
                 op->attrs[x.first] = attr_new;
 
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Conv1d.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Conv1d.cpp
index ecbc40f2b..8d531ef8a 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Conv1d.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Conv1d.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             op->params["4"] = captured_params.at("padding").ai[0];
         }
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
 
         op->attrs["0"] = Attribute();
         op->attrs["0"].data = {0, 0, 0, 0};
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             op->params["4"] = captured_params.at("padding").ai[0];
         }
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
         op->params["7"] = captured_params.at("groups");
 
         op->attrs["0"] = Attribute();
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Conv2d.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Conv2d.cpp
index fa83e2e6c..74aee445a 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Conv2d.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Conv2d.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             op->params["14"] = captured_params.at("padding").ai[0];
         }
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
 
         op->attrs["0"] = Attribute();
         op->attrs["0"].data = {0, 0, 0, 0};
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             op->params["14"] = captured_params.at("padding").ai[0];
         }
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
         op->params["7"] = captured_params.at("groups");
 
         op->attrs["0"] = Attribute();
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Conv3d.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Conv3d.cpp
index 5f6e34562..0f33cb0d8 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Conv3d.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Conv3d.cpp
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             op->params["24"] = captured_params.at("padding").ai[0];
         }
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
 
         op->attrs["0"] = Attribute();
         op->attrs["0"].data = {0, 0, 0, 0};
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             op->params["24"] = captured_params.at("padding").ai[0];
         }
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
         op->params["7"] = captured_params.at("groups");
 
         op->attrs["0"] = Attribute();
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_ConvTranspose1d.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_ConvTranspose1d.cpp
index 80a889c9c..68023bed6 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_ConvTranspose1d.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_ConvTranspose1d.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         op->params["4"] = captured_params.at("padding").ai[0];
         op->params["18"] = captured_params.at("output_padding").ai[0];
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
 
         // transpose inch-outch-kw to outch-inch-kw
         const int inch = captured_params.at("in_channels").i;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         const int kw = captured_params.at("kernel_size").ai[0];
         std::vector<float> new_weight;
         {
-            const float* w = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.data();
+            auto w = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").get_float32_data();
 
             new_weight.resize(outch * inch * kw);
             float* w2 = (float*)new_weight.data();
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         op->params["4"] = captured_params.at("padding").ai[0];
         op->params["18"] = captured_params.at("output_padding").ai[0];
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
         op->params["7"] = captured_params.at("groups");
 
         // transpose group-inch/group-outch/group-kw to group-outch/group-inch/group-kw
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         const int kw = captured_params.at("kernel_size").ai[0];
         std::vector<float> new_weight;
         {
-            const float* w = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.data();
+            auto w = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").get_float32_data();
 
             new_weight.resize(outch / groups * inch * kw);
             float* w2 = (float*)new_weight.data();
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             {
                 // reorder weight from inch-outch to outch-inch
                 float* wg2 = w2 + g * outch_g * inch_g * kw;
-                const float* wg = w + g * inch_g * outch_g * kw;
+                const float* wg = (const float*)w.data() + g * inch_g * outch_g * kw;
                 for (int i = 0; i < outch_g; i++)
                 {
                     for (int j = 0; j < inch_g; j++)
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_ConvTranspose2d.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_ConvTranspose2d.cpp
index 832aadf70..f304ecfd5 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_ConvTranspose2d.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_ConvTranspose2d.cpp
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         op->params["18"] = captured_params.at("output_padding").ai[1];
         op->params["19"] = captured_params.at("output_padding").ai[0];
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
 
         // transpose inch-outch-kh-kw to outch-inch-kh-kw
         const int inch = captured_params.at("in_channels").i;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         const int kw = captured_params.at("kernel_size").ai[1];
         std::vector<float> new_weight;
         {
-            const float* w = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.data();
+            auto w = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").get_float32_data();
 
             new_weight.resize(outch * inch * kh * kw);
             float* w2 = (float*)new_weight.data();
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         op->params["18"] = captured_params.at("output_padding").ai[1];
         op->params["19"] = captured_params.at("output_padding").ai[0];
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
         op->params["7"] = captured_params.at("groups");
 
         // transpose group-inch/group-outch/group-kh-kw to group-outch/group-inch/group-kh-kw
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         const int kw = captured_params.at("kernel_size").ai[1];
         std::vector<float> new_weight;
         {
-            const float* w = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.data();
+            auto w = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").get_float32_data();
 
             new_weight.resize(outch / groups * inch * kh * kw);
             float* w2 = (float*)new_weight.data();
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             {
                 // reorder weight from inch-outch to outch-inch
                 float* wg2 = w2 + g * outch_g * inch_g * maxk;
-                const float* wg = w + g * inch_g * outch_g * maxk;
+                const float* wg = (const float*)w.data() + g * inch_g * outch_g * maxk;
                 for (int i = 0; i < outch_g; i++)
                 {
                     for (int j = 0; j < inch_g; j++)
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_ConvTranspose3d.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_ConvTranspose3d.cpp
index 34219f00a..94e540c6e 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_ConvTranspose3d.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_ConvTranspose3d.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         op->params["19"] = captured_params.at("output_padding").ai[1];
         op->params["20"] = captured_params.at("output_padding").ai[0];
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
 
         // transpose inch-outch-kd-kh-kw to outch-inch-kd-kh-kw
         const int inch = captured_params.at("in_channels").i;
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         const int kw = captured_params.at("kernel_size").ai[2];
         std::vector<float> new_weight;
         {
-            const float* w = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.data();
+            auto w = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").get_float32_data();
 
             new_weight.resize(outch * inch * kd * kh * kw);
             float* w2 = (float*)new_weight.data();
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         op->params["19"] = captured_params.at("output_padding").ai[1];
         op->params["20"] = captured_params.at("output_padding").ai[0];
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
         op->params["7"] = captured_params.at("groups");
 
         // transpose group-inch/group-outch/group-kd-kh-kw to group-outch/group-inch/group-kd-kh-kw
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         const int kw = captured_params.at("kernel_size").ai[2];
         std::vector<float> new_weight;
         {
-            const float* w = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.data();
+            auto w = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").get_float32_data();
 
             new_weight.resize(outch / groups * inch * kd * kh * kw);
             float* w2 = (float*)new_weight.data();
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             {
                 // reorder weight from inch-outch to outch-inch
                 float* wg2 = w2 + g * outch_g * inch_g * maxk;
-                const float* wg = w + g * inch_g * outch_g * maxk;
+                const float* wg = (const float*)w.data() + g * inch_g * outch_g * maxk;
                 for (int i = 0; i < outch_g; i++)
                 {
                     for (int j = 0; j < inch_g; j++)
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Embedding.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Embedding.cpp
index f8885c025..e37f6d047 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Embedding.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Embedding.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         op->params["0"] = captured_params.at("embedding_dim");
         op->params["1"] = captured_params.at("num_embeddings");
         op->params["2"] = 0;
-        op->params["3"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["3"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
 
         op->attrs["0"] = Attribute();
         op->attrs["0"].data = {0, 0, 0, 0};
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_GRU.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_GRU.cpp
index 0514fd7cc..5c7a90a26 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_GRU.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_GRU.cpp
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ pnnx.Output             output      2 0 out out_hidden
             // reduce bias_ih and bias_hh
             std::vector<float> new_bias;
             {
-                const float* bias_ih = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_ih_l0").data.data();
-                const float* bias_hh = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_hh_l0").data.data();
+                auto bias_ih = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_ih_l0").get_float32_data();
+                auto bias_hh = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_hh_l0").get_float32_data();
 
                 new_bias.resize(4 * num_output);
                 float* bias = (float*)new_bias.data();
@@ -82,16 +82,16 @@ pnnx.Output             output      2 0 out out_hidden
                 {
                     bias[i] = bias_ih[i] + bias_hh[i];
                 }
-                memcpy(bias + num_output * 2, bias_ih + num_output * 2, num_output * sizeof(float));
-                memcpy(bias + num_output * 3, bias_hh + num_output * 2, num_output * sizeof(float));
+                memcpy(bias + num_output * 2, (const float*)bias_ih.data() + num_output * 2, num_output * sizeof(float));
+                memcpy(bias + num_output * 3, (const float*)bias_hh.data() + num_output * 2, num_output * sizeof(float));
             }
 
             if (bidirectional)
             {
                 std::vector<float> new_bias_reverse;
                 {
-                    const float* bias_ih = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_ih_l0_reverse").data.data();
-                    const float* bias_hh = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_hh_l0_reverse").data.data();
+                    auto bias_ih = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_ih_l0_reverse").get_float32_data();
+                    auto bias_hh = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_hh_l0_reverse").get_float32_data();
 
                     new_bias_reverse.resize(4 * num_output);
                     float* bias = (float*)new_bias_reverse.data();
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ pnnx.Output             output      2 0 out out_hidden
                     {
                         bias[i] = bias_ih[i] + bias_hh[i];
                     }
-                    memcpy(bias + num_output * 2, bias_ih + num_output * 2, num_output * sizeof(float));
-                    memcpy(bias + num_output * 3, bias_hh + num_output * 2, num_output * sizeof(float));
+                    memcpy(bias + num_output * 2, (const float*)bias_ih.data() + num_output * 2, num_output * sizeof(float));
+                    memcpy(bias + num_output * 3, (const float*)bias_hh.data() + num_output * 2, num_output * sizeof(float));
                 }
 
                 op->attrs["3"] = Attribute({4, num_output}, new_bias) + Attribute({4, num_output}, new_bias_reverse);
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_LSTM.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_LSTM.cpp
index 1a1511680..3b25cc597 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_LSTM.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_LSTM.cpp
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ pnnx.Output             output      3 0 out out_hidden out_cell
             {
                 const int weight_data_size_g = hidden_size * input_size;
 
-                const float* weight_ih = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight_ih_l0").data.data();
-                const float* iptr = weight_ih;
-                const float* fptr = weight_ih + weight_data_size_g;
-                const float* gptr = weight_ih + weight_data_size_g * 2;
-                const float* optr = weight_ih + weight_data_size_g * 3;
+                auto weight_ih = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight_ih_l0").get_float32_data();
+                const float* iptr = (const float*)weight_ih.data();
+                const float* fptr = (const float*)weight_ih.data() + weight_data_size_g;
+                const float* gptr = (const float*)weight_ih.data() + weight_data_size_g * 2;
+                const float* optr = (const float*)weight_ih.data() + weight_data_size_g * 3;
 
                 new_weight_ih.resize(4 * hidden_size * input_size);
                 float* weight = (float*)new_weight_ih.data();
@@ -93,11 +93,11 @@ pnnx.Output             output      3 0 out out_hidden out_cell
                 {
                     const int weight_data_size_g = hidden_size * input_size;
 
-                    const float* weight_ih = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight_ih_l0_reverse").data.data();
-                    const float* iptr = weight_ih;
-                    const float* fptr = weight_ih + weight_data_size_g;
-                    const float* gptr = weight_ih + weight_data_size_g * 2;
-                    const float* optr = weight_ih + weight_data_size_g * 3;
+                    auto weight_ih = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight_ih_l0_reverse").get_float32_data();
+                    const float* iptr = (const float*)weight_ih.data();
+                    const float* fptr = (const float*)weight_ih.data() + weight_data_size_g;
+                    const float* gptr = (const float*)weight_ih.data() + weight_data_size_g * 2;
+                    const float* optr = (const float*)weight_ih.data() + weight_data_size_g * 3;
 
                     new_weight_ih_reverse.resize(4 * hidden_size * input_size);
                     float* weight = (float*)new_weight_ih_reverse.data();
@@ -126,16 +126,16 @@ pnnx.Output             output      3 0 out out_hidden out_cell
             // reorder IFGO-hidden to IFOG-hidden
             std::vector<float> new_bias;
             {
-                const float* bias_ih = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_ih_l0").data.data();
-                const float* bias_hh = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_hh_l0").data.data();
-                const float* bias_ih_iptr = bias_ih;
-                const float* bias_ih_fptr = bias_ih + hidden_size;
-                const float* bias_ih_gptr = bias_ih + hidden_size * 2;
-                const float* bias_ih_optr = bias_ih + hidden_size * 3;
-                const float* bias_hh_iptr = bias_hh;
-                const float* bias_hh_fptr = bias_hh + hidden_size;
-                const float* bias_hh_gptr = bias_hh + hidden_size * 2;
-                const float* bias_hh_optr = bias_hh + hidden_size * 3;
+                auto bias_ih = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_ih_l0").get_float32_data();
+                auto bias_hh = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_hh_l0").get_float32_data();
+                const float* bias_ih_iptr = (const float*)bias_ih.data();
+                const float* bias_ih_fptr = (const float*)bias_ih.data() + hidden_size;
+                const float* bias_ih_gptr = (const float*)bias_ih.data() + hidden_size * 2;
+                const float* bias_ih_optr = (const float*)bias_ih.data() + hidden_size * 3;
+                const float* bias_hh_iptr = (const float*)bias_hh.data();
+                const float* bias_hh_fptr = (const float*)bias_hh.data() + hidden_size;
+                const float* bias_hh_gptr = (const float*)bias_hh.data() + hidden_size * 2;
+                const float* bias_hh_optr = (const float*)bias_hh.data() + hidden_size * 3;
 
                 new_bias.resize(4 * hidden_size);
                 float* bias = (float*)new_bias.data();
@@ -165,16 +165,16 @@ pnnx.Output             output      3 0 out out_hidden out_cell
             {
                 std::vector<float> new_bias_reverse;
                 {
-                    const float* bias_ih = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_ih_l0_reverse").data.data();
-                    const float* bias_hh = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_hh_l0_reverse").data.data();
-                    const float* bias_ih_iptr = bias_ih;
-                    const float* bias_ih_fptr = bias_ih + hidden_size;
-                    const float* bias_ih_gptr = bias_ih + hidden_size * 2;
-                    const float* bias_ih_optr = bias_ih + hidden_size * 3;
-                    const float* bias_hh_iptr = bias_hh;
-                    const float* bias_hh_fptr = bias_hh + hidden_size;
-                    const float* bias_hh_gptr = bias_hh + hidden_size * 2;
-                    const float* bias_hh_optr = bias_hh + hidden_size * 3;
+                    auto bias_ih = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_ih_l0_reverse").get_float32_data();
+                    auto bias_hh = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_hh_l0_reverse").get_float32_data();
+                    const float* bias_ih_iptr = (const float*)bias_ih.data();
+                    const float* bias_ih_fptr = (const float*)bias_ih.data() + hidden_size;
+                    const float* bias_ih_gptr = (const float*)bias_ih.data() + hidden_size * 2;
+                    const float* bias_ih_optr = (const float*)bias_ih.data() + hidden_size * 3;
+                    const float* bias_hh_iptr = (const float*)bias_hh.data();
+                    const float* bias_hh_fptr = (const float*)bias_hh.data() + hidden_size;
+                    const float* bias_hh_gptr = (const float*)bias_hh.data() + hidden_size * 2;
+                    const float* bias_hh_optr = (const float*)bias_hh.data() + hidden_size * 3;
 
                     new_bias_reverse.resize(4 * hidden_size);
                     float* bias = (float*)new_bias_reverse.data();
@@ -226,11 +226,11 @@ pnnx.Output             output      3 0 out out_hidden out_cell
             {
                 const int weight_data_size_g = hidden_size * proj_size;
 
-                const float* weight_hh = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight_hh_l0").data.data();
-                const float* iptr = weight_hh;
-                const float* fptr = weight_hh + weight_data_size_g;
-                const float* gptr = weight_hh + weight_data_size_g * 2;
-                const float* optr = weight_hh + weight_data_size_g * 3;
+                auto weight_hh = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight_hh_l0").get_float32_data();
+                const float* iptr = (const float*)weight_hh.data();
+                const float* fptr = (const float*)weight_hh.data() + weight_data_size_g;
+                const float* gptr = (const float*)weight_hh.data() + weight_data_size_g * 2;
+                const float* optr = (const float*)weight_hh.data() + weight_data_size_g * 3;
 
                 new_weight_hh.resize(4 * hidden_size * proj_size);
                 float* weight = (float*)new_weight_hh.data();
@@ -250,11 +250,11 @@ pnnx.Output             output      3 0 out out_hidden out_cell
                 {
                     const int weight_data_size_g = hidden_size * proj_size;
 
-                    const float* weight_hh = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight_hh_l0_reverse").data.data();
-                    const float* iptr = weight_hh;
-                    const float* fptr = weight_hh + weight_data_size_g;
-                    const float* gptr = weight_hh + weight_data_size_g * 2;
-                    const float* optr = weight_hh + weight_data_size_g * 3;
+                    auto weight_hh = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight_hh_l0_reverse").get_float32_data();
+                    const float* iptr = (const float*)weight_hh.data();
+                    const float* fptr = (const float*)weight_hh.data() + weight_data_size_g;
+                    const float* gptr = (const float*)weight_hh.data() + weight_data_size_g * 2;
+                    const float* optr = (const float*)weight_hh.data() + weight_data_size_g * 3;
 
                     new_weight_hh_reverse.resize(4 * hidden_size * proj_size);
                     float* weight = (float*)new_weight_hh_reverse.data();
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Linear.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Linear.cpp
index 06b028664..d828afab1 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Linear.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_Linear.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
     {
         op->params["0"] = captured_params.at("out_features");
         op->params["1"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["2"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["2"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
 
         op->attrs["0"] = Attribute();
         op->attrs["0"].data = {0, 0, 0, 0};
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_MultiheadAttention.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_MultiheadAttention.cpp
index eedd751f4..a9a3ae153 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_MultiheadAttention.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_MultiheadAttention.cpp
@@ -67,9 +67,12 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         std::vector<float> v_bias(embed_dim);
         {
             // qkv - embed_dim - embed_dim
-            const float* wptr = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.in_proj_weight").data.data();
+            auto w = captured_attrs.at("op_0.in_proj_weight").get_float32_data();
             // qkv - embed_dim
-            const float* bptr = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.in_proj_bias").data.data();
+            auto b = captured_attrs.at("op_0.in_proj_bias").get_float32_data();
+
+            const float* wptr = (const float*)w.data();
+            const float* bptr = (const float*)b.data();
 
             {
                 memcpy(q_weight.data(), wptr, embed_dim * embed_dim * sizeof(float));
@@ -235,7 +238,9 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         std::vector<float> v_bias(embed_dim);
         {
             // qkv - embed_dim
-            const float* bptr = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.in_proj_bias").data.data();
+            auto b = captured_attrs.at("op_0.in_proj_bias").get_float32_data();
+
+            const float* bptr = (const float*)b.data();
 
             {
                 memcpy(q_bias.data(), bptr, embed_dim * sizeof(float));
@@ -264,7 +269,9 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
             std::vector<float> v_weight(embed_dim * vdim);
             {
                 // qkv - embed_dim - embed_dim
-                const float* wptr = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.in_proj_weight").data.data();
+                auto w = captured_attrs.at("op_0.in_proj_weight").get_float32_data();
+
+                const float* wptr = (const float*)w.data();
 
                 {
                     memcpy(q_weight.data(), wptr, embed_dim * embed_dim * sizeof(float));
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_RNN.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_RNN.cpp
index fd64f18f0..67b3d10eb 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_RNN.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/nn_RNN.cpp
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ pnnx.Output             output      2 0 out out_hidden
             // reduce bias_ih and bias_hh
             std::vector<float> new_bias;
             {
-                const float* bias_ih = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_ih_l0").data.data();
-                const float* bias_hh = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_hh_l0").data.data();
+                auto bias_ih = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_ih_l0").get_float32_data();
+                auto bias_hh = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_hh_l0").get_float32_data();
 
                 new_bias.resize(num_output);
                 float* bias = (float*)new_bias.data();
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ pnnx.Output             output      2 0 out out_hidden
             {
                 std::vector<float> new_bias_reverse;
                 {
-                    const float* bias_ih = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_ih_l0_reverse").data.data();
-                    const float* bias_hh = (const float*)captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_hh_l0_reverse").data.data();
+                    auto bias_ih = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_ih_l0_reverse").get_float32_data();
+                    auto bias_hh = captured_attrs.at("op_0.bias_hh_l0_reverse").get_float32_data();
 
                     new_bias_reverse.resize(num_output);
                     float* bias = (float*)new_bias_reverse.data();
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/torch_addmm.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/torch_addmm.cpp
index f0eeaf939..5a5df0771 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/torch_addmm.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/torch_addmm.cpp
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         const int outch = weight.shape[1];
         std::vector<float> new_weight;
         {
-            const float* w = (const float*)weight.data.data();
+            auto w = weight.get_float32_data();
 
             new_weight.resize(outch * inch);
             float* w2 = (float*)new_weight.data();
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
 
         op->params["0"] = outch;
         op->params["1"] = 1;
-        op->params["2"] = (int)(weight.data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["2"] = weight.elemcount();
 
         op->attrs["0"] = Attribute();
         op->attrs["0"].data = {0, 0, 0, 0};
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/torchvision_DeformConv2d.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/torchvision_DeformConv2d.cpp
index 0c012e4b5..16af85fea 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/torchvision_DeformConv2d.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/pass_ncnn/torchvision_DeformConv2d.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         op->params["4"] = captured_params.at("padding").ai[1];
         op->params["14"] = captured_params.at("padding").ai[0];
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
 
         op->attrs["0"] = Attribute();
         op->attrs["0"].data = {0, 0, 0, 0};
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ pnnx.Output             output      1 0 out
         op->params["4"] = captured_params.at("padding").ai[1];
         op->params["14"] = captured_params.at("padding").ai[0];
         op->params["5"] = captured_params.at("bias").b ? 1 : 0;
-        op->params["6"] = (int)(captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").data.size() / sizeof(float));
+        op->params["6"] = captured_attrs.at("op_0.weight").elemcount();
 
         op->attrs["0"] = Attribute();
         op->attrs["0"].data = {0, 0, 0, 0};
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/save_onnx.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/save_onnx.cpp
index 55bb10cf7..87e8e95b0 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/save_onnx.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/save_onnx.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>
 
+#include "utils.h"
+
 namespace pnnx {
 
 // from cxxabi bridge
@@ -33,60 +35,6 @@ extern const Attribute& get_operator_attr(const Operator* op, const char* key);
 extern const char* get_param_s(const Parameter& p);
 extern std::vector<const char*> get_param_as(const Parameter& p);
 
-static unsigned short float32_to_float16(float value)
-{
-    // 1 : 8 : 23
-    union
-    {
-        unsigned int u;
-        float f;
-    } tmp;
-
-    tmp.f = value;
-
-    // 1 : 8 : 23
-    unsigned short sign = (tmp.u & 0x80000000) >> 31;
-    unsigned short exponent = (tmp.u & 0x7F800000) >> 23;
-    unsigned int significand = tmp.u & 0x7FFFFF;
-
-    //     NCNN_LOGE("%d %d %d", sign, exponent, significand);
-
-    // 1 : 5 : 10
-    unsigned short fp16;
-    if (exponent == 0)
-    {
-        // zero or denormal, always underflow
-        fp16 = (sign << 15) | (0x00 << 10) | 0x00;
-    }
-    else if (exponent == 0xFF)
-    {
-        // infinity or NaN
-        fp16 = (sign << 15) | (0x1F << 10) | (significand ? 0x200 : 0x00);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // normalized
-        short newexp = exponent + (-127 + 15);
-        if (newexp >= 31)
-        {
-            // overflow, return infinity
-            fp16 = (sign << 15) | (0x1F << 10) | 0x00;
-        }
-        else if (newexp <= 0)
-        {
-            // Some normal fp32 cannot be expressed as normal fp16
-            fp16 = (sign << 15) | (0x00 << 10) | 0x00;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            // normal fp16
-            fp16 = (sign << 15) | (newexp << 10) | (significand >> 13);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return fp16;
-}
-
 int save_onnx(const Graph& g, const char* onnxpath, int fp16)
 {
     onnx::ModelProto model;
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/utils.cpp b/tools/pnnx/src/utils.cpp
index cbd07dcb4..bfc8919c0 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/utils.cpp
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/utils.cpp
@@ -27,4 +27,109 @@ const torch::jit::Node* find_node_by_kind(const std::shared_ptr<torch::jit::Grap
     return 0;
 }
 
+unsigned short float32_to_float16(float value)
+{
+    // 1 : 8 : 23
+    union
+    {
+        unsigned int u;
+        float f;
+    } tmp;
+
+    tmp.f = value;
+
+    // 1 : 8 : 23
+    unsigned short sign = (tmp.u & 0x80000000) >> 31;
+    unsigned short exponent = (tmp.u & 0x7F800000) >> 23;
+    unsigned int significand = tmp.u & 0x7FFFFF;
+
+    //     NCNN_LOGE("%d %d %d", sign, exponent, significand);
+
+    // 1 : 5 : 10
+    unsigned short fp16;
+    if (exponent == 0)
+    {
+        // zero or denormal, always underflow
+        fp16 = (sign << 15) | (0x00 << 10) | 0x00;
+    }
+    else if (exponent == 0xFF)
+    {
+        // infinity or NaN
+        fp16 = (sign << 15) | (0x1F << 10) | (significand ? 0x200 : 0x00);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // normalized
+        short newexp = exponent + (-127 + 15);
+        if (newexp >= 31)
+        {
+            // overflow, return infinity
+            fp16 = (sign << 15) | (0x1F << 10) | 0x00;
+        }
+        else if (newexp <= 0)
+        {
+            // Some normal fp32 cannot be expressed as normal fp16
+            fp16 = (sign << 15) | (0x00 << 10) | 0x00;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // normal fp16
+            fp16 = (sign << 15) | (newexp << 10) | (significand >> 13);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return fp16;
+}
+
+float float16_to_float32(unsigned short value)
+{
+    // 1 : 5 : 10
+    unsigned short sign = (value & 0x8000) >> 15;
+    unsigned short exponent = (value & 0x7c00) >> 10;
+    unsigned short significand = value & 0x03FF;
+
+    //     NCNN_LOGE("%d %d %d", sign, exponent, significand);
+
+    // 1 : 8 : 23
+    union
+    {
+        unsigned int u;
+        float f;
+    } tmp;
+    if (exponent == 0)
+    {
+        if (significand == 0)
+        {
+            // zero
+            tmp.u = (sign << 31);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // denormal
+            exponent = 0;
+            // find non-zero bit
+            while ((significand & 0x200) == 0)
+            {
+                significand <<= 1;
+                exponent++;
+            }
+            significand <<= 1;
+            significand &= 0x3FF;
+            tmp.u = (sign << 31) | ((-exponent + (-15 + 127)) << 23) | (significand << 13);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (exponent == 0x1F)
+    {
+        // infinity or NaN
+        tmp.u = (sign << 31) | (0xFF << 23) | (significand << 13);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // normalized
+        tmp.u = (sign << 31) | ((exponent + (-15 + 127)) << 23) | (significand << 13);
+    }
+
+    return tmp.f;
+}
+
 } // namespace pnnx
diff --git a/tools/pnnx/src/utils.h b/tools/pnnx/src/utils.h
index 8eba09e7f..1892d26a9 100644
--- a/tools/pnnx/src/utils.h
+++ b/tools/pnnx/src/utils.h
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ namespace pnnx {
 
 const torch::jit::Node* find_node_by_kind(const std::shared_ptr<torch::jit::Graph>& graph, const std::string& kind);
 
+unsigned short float32_to_float16(float value);
+
+float float16_to_float32(unsigned short value);
+
 } // namespace pnnx
 
 #endif // PNNX_UTILS_H