diff --git a/apis/python/node/generate_stubs.py b/apis/python/node/generate_stubs.py
index 298928bd..0acc9595 100644
--- a/apis/python/node/generate_stubs.py
+++ b/apis/python/node/generate_stubs.py
@@ -287,8 +287,7 @@ def arguments_stub(
         param_names = list(real_parameters.keys())
         if param_names and param_names[0] == "self":
             del param_names[0]
-        for name, t in zip(param_names, builtin[0]):
-            parsed_param_types[name] = t
+        parsed_param_types = {name: t for name, t in zip(param_names, builtin[0])}
 
     # Types from comment
     for match in re.findall(
diff --git a/binaries/cli/src/template/python/listener/listener-template.py b/binaries/cli/src/template/python/listener/listener-template.py
index 140718f2..ebcc5501 100644
--- a/binaries/cli/src/template/python/listener/listener-template.py
+++ b/binaries/cli/src/template/python/listener/listener-template.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from dora import Node
 
+
 def main():
     """Listen for input events and print received messages."""
     node = Node()
diff --git a/binaries/cli/src/template/python/talker/talker-template.py b/binaries/cli/src/template/python/talker/talker-template.py
index 703d6f72..e8811b65 100644
--- a/binaries/cli/src/template/python/talker/talker-template.py
+++ b/binaries/cli/src/template/python/talker/talker-template.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import pyarrow as pa
 from dora import Node
 
+
 def main():
     """Process node input events and send speech output."""
     node = Node()
diff --git a/examples/alexk-lcr/bus.py b/examples/alexk-lcr/bus.py
index d123fa67..78043e6a 100644
--- a/examples/alexk-lcr/bus.py
+++ b/examples/alexk-lcr/bus.py
@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
-import enum
+"""Module for managing Dynamixel servo bus communication and control.
 
-import pyarrow as pa
+This module provides functionality for communicating with and controlling Dynamixel servos
+through a serial bus interface. It includes methods for reading and writing servo parameters,
+managing torque and operating modes, and handling joint positions and velocities.
+"""
 
+import enum
 from typing import Union
 
+import pyarrow as pa
 from dynamixel_sdk import (
-    PacketHandler,
-    PortHandler,
     COMM_SUCCESS,
+    DXL_HIBYTE,
+    DXL_HIWORD,
+    DXL_LOBYTE,
+    DXL_LOWORD,
     GroupSyncRead,
     GroupSyncWrite,
+    PacketHandler,
+    PortHandler,
 )
-from dynamixel_sdk import DXL_HIBYTE, DXL_HIWORD, DXL_LOBYTE, DXL_LOWORD
 
 PROTOCOL_VERSION = 2.0
 BAUD_RATE = 1_000_000
@@ -20,40 +28,37 @@ TIMEOUT_MS = 1000
 
 def wrap_joints_and_values(
     joints: Union[list[str], pa.Array],
-    values: Union[int, list[int], pa.Array],
+    values: Union[list[int], pa.Array],
 ) -> pa.StructArray:
-    """
-    Wraps joints and their corresponding values into a structured array.
+    """Wrap joints and their corresponding values into a structured array.
 
-    :param joints: A list, numpy array, or pyarrow array of joint names.
-    :type joints: Union[list[str], np.array, pa.Array]
-    :param values: A single integer value, or a list, numpy array, or pyarrow array of integer values.
-                   If a single integer is provided, it will be broadcasted to all joints.
-    :type values: Union[int, list[int], np.array, pa.Array]
+    Args:
+        joints: A list, numpy array, or pyarrow array of joint names.
+        values: A single integer value, or a list, numpy array, or pyarrow array of integer values.
+               If a single integer is provided, it will be broadcasted to all joints.
 
-    :return: A structured array with two fields:
-             - "joints": A string field containing the names of the joints.
-             - "values": An Int32Array containing the values corresponding to the joints.
-    :rtype: pa.StructArray
+    Returns:
+        A structured array with two fields:
+        - "joints": A string field containing the names of the joints.
+        - "values": An Int32Array containing the values corresponding to the joints.
 
-    :raises ValueError: If lengths of joints and values do not match.
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If lengths of joints and values do not match.
 
     Example:
-    --------
-    joints = ["shoulder_pan", "shoulder_lift", "elbow_flex"]
-    values = [100, 200, 300]
-    struct_array = wrap_joints_and_values(joints, values)
+        joints = ["shoulder_pan", "shoulder_lift", "elbow_flex"]
+        values = [100, 200, 300]
+        struct_array = wrap_joints_and_values(joints, values)
 
-    This example wraps the given joints and their corresponding values into a structured array.
+        This example wraps the given joints and their corresponding values into a structured array.
 
-    Another example with a single integer value:
-    joints = ["shoulder_pan", "shoulder_lift", "elbow_flex"]
-    value = 150
-    struct_array = wrap_joints_and_values(joints, value)
+        Another example with a single integer value:
+        joints = ["shoulder_pan", "shoulder_lift", "elbow_flex"]
+        value = 150
+        struct_array = wrap_joints_and_values(joints, value)
 
-    This example broadcasts the single integer value to all joints and wraps them into a structured array.
+        This example broadcasts the single integer value to all joints and wraps them into a structured array.
     """
-
     if isinstance(values, int):
         values = [values] * len(joints)
 
@@ -69,16 +74,20 @@ def wrap_joints_and_values(
         mask = values.is_null()
 
     return pa.StructArray.from_arrays(
-        arrays=[joints, values], names=["joints", "values"], mask=mask
+        arrays=[joints, values], names=["joints", "values"], mask=mask,
     ).drop_null()
 
 
 class TorqueMode(enum.Enum):
+    """Enumeration for servo torque control modes."""
+
     ENABLED = pa.scalar(1, pa.uint32())
     DISABLED = pa.scalar(0, pa.uint32())
 
 
 class OperatingMode(enum.Enum):
+    """Enumeration for servo operating modes."""
+
     VELOCITY = pa.scalar(1, pa.uint32())
     POSITION = pa.scalar(3, pa.uint32())
     EXTENDED_POSITION = pa.scalar(4, pa.uint32())
@@ -152,8 +161,17 @@ MODEL_CONTROL_TABLE = {
 
 
 class DynamixelBus:
+    """Class for managing communication with Dynamixel servos on a serial bus."""
 
     def __init__(self, port: str, description: dict[str, (int, str)]):
+        """Initialize the Dynamixel bus connection.
+
+        Args:
+            port: The serial port to connect to the Dynamixel bus.
+            description: A dictionary containing the description of the motors connected to the bus.
+                       The keys are the motor names and the values are tuples containing the motor id
+                       and the motor model.
+        """
         self.port = port
         self.descriptions = description
         self.motor_ctrl = {}
@@ -184,9 +202,16 @@ class DynamixelBus:
         self.group_writers = {}
 
     def close(self):
+        """Close the serial port connection."""
         self.port_handler.closePort()
 
     def write(self, data_name: str, data: pa.StructArray):
+        """Write data to the specified servo parameters.
+
+        Args:
+            data_name: Name of the parameter to write.
+            data: Structured array containing the data to write.
+        """
         motor_ids = [
             self.motor_ctrl[motor_name.as_py()]["id"]
             for motor_name in data.field("joints")
@@ -239,7 +264,7 @@ class DynamixelBus:
             else:
                 raise NotImplementedError(
                     f"Value of the number of bytes to be sent is expected to be in [1, 2, 4], but {packet_bytes_size} "
-                    f"is provided instead."
+                    f"is provided instead.",
                 )
 
             if init_group:
@@ -251,10 +276,19 @@ class DynamixelBus:
         if comm != COMM_SUCCESS:
             raise ConnectionError(
                 f"Write failed due to communication error on port {self.port} for group_key {group_key}: "
-                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}"
+                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}",
             )
 
     def read(self, data_name: str, motor_names: pa.Array) -> pa.StructArray:
+        """Read data from the specified servo parameters.
+
+        Args:
+            data_name: Name of the parameter to read.
+            motor_names: Array of motor names to read from.
+
+        Returns:
+            Structured array containing the read data.
+        """
         motor_ids = [
             self.motor_ctrl[motor_name.as_py()]["id"] for motor_name in motor_names
         ]
@@ -281,13 +315,13 @@ class DynamixelBus:
         if comm != COMM_SUCCESS:
             raise ConnectionError(
                 f"Read failed due to communication error on port {self.port} for group_key {group_key}: "
-                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}"
+                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}",
             )
 
         values = pa.array(
             [
                 self.group_readers[group_key].getData(
-                    idx, packet_address, packet_bytes_size
+                    idx, packet_address, packet_bytes_size,
                 )
                 for idx in motor_ids
             ],
@@ -298,31 +332,90 @@ class DynamixelBus:
         return wrap_joints_and_values(motor_names, values)
 
     def write_torque_enable(self, torque_mode: pa.StructArray):
+        """Enable or disable torque for the specified servos.
+
+        Args:
+            torque_mode: Structured array containing the torque mode for each servo.
+        """
         self.write("Torque_Enable", torque_mode)
 
     def write_operating_mode(self, operating_mode: pa.StructArray):
+        """Set the operating mode for the specified servos.
+
+        Args:
+            operating_mode: Structured array containing the operating mode for each servo.
+        """
         self.write("Operating_Mode", operating_mode)
 
     def read_position(self, motor_names: pa.Array) -> pa.StructArray:
+        """Read the current position of the specified servos.
+
+        Args:
+            motor_names: Array of motor names to read positions from.
+
+        Returns:
+            Structured array containing the current positions.
+        """
         return self.read("Present_Position", motor_names)
 
     def read_velocity(self, motor_names: pa.Array) -> pa.StructArray:
+        """Read the current velocity of the specified servos.
+
+        Args:
+            motor_names: Array of motor names to read velocities from.
+
+        Returns:
+            Structured array containing the current velocities.
+        """
         return self.read("Present_Velocity", motor_names)
 
     def read_current(self, motor_names: pa.Array) -> pa.StructArray:
+        """Read the current current of the specified servos.
+
+        Args:
+            motor_names: Array of motor names to read currents from.
+
+        Returns:
+            Structured array containing the current currents.
+        """
         return self.read("Present_Current", motor_names)
 
     def write_goal_position(self, goal_position: pa.StructArray):
+        """Set the goal position for the specified servos.
+
+        Args:
+            goal_position: Structured array containing the goal positions.
+        """
         self.write("Goal_Position", goal_position)
 
     def write_goal_current(self, goal_current: pa.StructArray):
+        """Set the goal current for the specified servos.
+
+        Args:
+            goal_current: Structured array containing the goal currents.
+        """
         self.write("Goal_Current", goal_current)
 
     def write_position_p_gain(self, position_p_gain: pa.StructArray):
+        """Set the position P gain for the specified servos.
+
+        Args:
+            position_p_gain: Structured array containing the position P gains.
+        """
         self.write("Position_P_Gain", position_p_gain)
 
     def write_position_i_gain(self, position_i_gain: pa.StructArray):
+        """Set the position I gain for the specified servos.
+
+        Args:
+            position_i_gain: Structured array containing the position I gains.
+        """
         self.write("Position_I_Gain", position_i_gain)
 
     def write_position_d_gain(self, position_d_gain: pa.StructArray):
+        """Set the position D gain for the specified servos.
+
+        Args:
+            position_d_gain: Structured array containing the position D gains.
+        """
         self.write("Position_D_Gain", position_d_gain)
diff --git a/examples/alexk-lcr/configure.py b/examples/alexk-lcr/configure.py
index 723a8401..dd72bd58 100644
--- a/examples/alexk-lcr/configure.py
+++ b/examples/alexk-lcr/configure.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-"""
-LCR Configuration Tool: This program is used to automatically configure the Low Cost Robot (LCR) for the user.
+"""LCR Configuration Tool: This program is used to automatically configure the Low Cost Robot (LCR) for the user.
 
 The program will:
 1. Disable all torque motors of provided LCR.
@@ -14,21 +13,17 @@ It will also enable all appropriate operating modes for the LCR.
 """
 
 import argparse
-import time
 import json
+import time
 
 import pyarrow as pa
-
-from bus import DynamixelBus, TorqueMode, OperatingMode
-
-from pwm_position_control.transform import pwm_to_logical_arrow, wrap_joints_and_values
-
+from bus import DynamixelBus, OperatingMode, TorqueMode
+from pwm_position_control.functions import construct_control_table
 from pwm_position_control.tables import (
     construct_logical_to_pwm_conversion_table_arrow,
     construct_pwm_to_logical_conversion_table_arrow,
 )
-
-from pwm_position_control.functions import construct_control_table
+from pwm_position_control.transform import pwm_to_logical_arrow, wrap_joints_and_values
 
 FULL_ARM = pa.array(
     [
@@ -56,26 +51,26 @@ def pause():
 
 def configure_servos(bus: DynamixelBus):
     bus.write_torque_enable(
-        wrap_joints_and_values(FULL_ARM, [TorqueMode.DISABLED.value] * 6)
+        wrap_joints_and_values(FULL_ARM, [TorqueMode.DISABLED.value] * 6),
     )
 
     bus.write_operating_mode(
         wrap_joints_and_values(
-            ARM_WITHOUT_GRIPPER, [OperatingMode.EXTENDED_POSITION.value] * 5
-        )
+            ARM_WITHOUT_GRIPPER, [OperatingMode.EXTENDED_POSITION.value] * 5,
+        ),
     )
 
     bus.write_operating_mode(
         wrap_joints_and_values(
-            GRIPPER, [OperatingMode.CURRENT_CONTROLLED_POSITION.value]
-        )
+            GRIPPER, [OperatingMode.CURRENT_CONTROLLED_POSITION.value],
+        ),
     )
 
 
 def main():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="LCR Auto Configure: This program is used to automatically configure the Low Cost Robot (LCR) for "
-        "the user."
+        "the user.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument("--port", type=str, required=True, help="The port of the LCR.")
@@ -95,7 +90,7 @@ def main():
         help="If the LCR is the follower of the user.",
     )
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--leader", action="store_true", help="If the LCR is the leader of the user."
+        "--leader", action="store_true", help="If the LCR is the leader of the user.",
     )
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
@@ -138,10 +133,10 @@ def main():
     pwm_positions = (pwm_position_1, pwm_position_2)
 
     pwm_to_logical_conversion_table = construct_pwm_to_logical_conversion_table_arrow(
-        pwm_positions, targets
+        pwm_positions, targets,
     )
     logical_to_pwm_conversion_table = construct_logical_to_pwm_conversion_table_arrow(
-        pwm_positions, targets
+        pwm_positions, targets,
     )
 
     control_table_json = {}
@@ -180,7 +175,7 @@ def main():
 
     path = (
         input(
-            f"Please enter the path of the configuration file (default is ./examples/alexk-lcr/configs/{leader}.{left}.json): "
+            f"Please enter the path of the configuration file (default is ./examples/alexk-lcr/configs/{leader}.{left}.json): ",
         )
         or f"./examples/alexk-lcr/configs/{leader}.{left}.json"
     )
@@ -189,21 +184,21 @@ def main():
         json.dump(control_table_json, file)
 
     control_table = construct_control_table(
-        pwm_to_logical_conversion_table, logical_to_pwm_conversion_table
+        pwm_to_logical_conversion_table, logical_to_pwm_conversion_table,
     )
 
     while True:
         try:
             pwm_position = arm.read_position(FULL_ARM)
             logical_position = pwm_to_logical_arrow(
-                pwm_position, control_table, ranged=True
+                pwm_position, control_table, ranged=True,
             ).field("values")
 
             print(f"Logical Position: {logical_position}")
 
         except ConnectionError:
             print(
-                "Connection error occurred. Please check the connection and try again."
+                "Connection error occurred. Please check the connection and try again.",
             )
 
         time.sleep(0.5)
diff --git a/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_lcr.py b/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_lcr.py
index 9f9abc33..c3c42fb3 100644
--- a/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_lcr.py
+++ b/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_lcr.py
@@ -1,24 +1,22 @@
-import os
 import argparse
 import json
+import os
 
 import pyarrow as pa
 import pyarrow.compute as pc
-
 from dora import Node
-
+from pwm_position_control.load import load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables
 from pwm_position_control.transform import (
-    wrap_joints_and_values,
-    pwm_to_logical_arrow,
     logical_to_pwm_with_offset_arrow,
+    pwm_to_logical_arrow,
+    wrap_joints_and_values,
 )
-from pwm_position_control.load import load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables
 
 
 def main():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Interpolation LCR Node: This Dora node is used to calculates appropriate goal positions for the "
-        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position."
+        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -46,19 +44,19 @@ def main():
     if not os.environ.get("LEADER_CONTROL") and args.leader_control is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The leader control is not set. Please set the configuration of the leader in the environment variables or "
-            "as an argument."
+            "as an argument.",
         )
 
     if not os.environ.get("FOLLOWER_CONTROL") and args.follower_control is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The follower control is not set. Please set the configuration of the follower in the environment "
-            "variables or as an argument."
+            "variables or as an argument.",
         )
 
     with open(
         os.environ.get("LEADER_CONTROL")
         if args.leader_control is None
-        else args.leader_control
+        else args.leader_control,
     ) as file:
         leader_control = json.load(file)
         load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables(leader_control, leader_control)
@@ -66,11 +64,11 @@ def main():
     with open(
         os.environ.get("FOLLOWER_CONTROL")
         if args.follower_control is None
-        else args.follower_control
+        else args.follower_control,
     ) as file:
         follower_control = json.load(file)
         load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables(
-            follower_control, follower_control
+            follower_control, follower_control,
         )
 
     initial_mask = [
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@ def main():
                 )
 
                 pwm_goal = logical_to_pwm_with_offset_arrow(
-                    follower_position, logical_goal, follower_control
+                    follower_position, logical_goal, follower_control,
                 )
 
                 node.send_output("follower_goal", pwm_goal, event["metadata"])
diff --git a/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_record.py b/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_record.py
index ce3d43d9..c04022f8 100644
--- a/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_record.py
+++ b/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_record.py
@@ -1,23 +1,21 @@
-import os
 import argparse
 import json
+import os
 
 import pyarrow as pa
 import pyarrow.compute as pc
-
 from dora import Node
-
 from pwm_position_control.load import load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables
 from pwm_position_control.transform import (
-    wrap_joints_and_values,
     pwm_to_logical_arrow,
+    wrap_joints_and_values,
 )
 
 
 def main():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Interpolation LCR Node: This Dora node is used to calculates appropriate goal positions for the "
-        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position."
+        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -45,19 +43,19 @@ def main():
     if not os.environ.get("LEADER_CONTROL") and args.leader_control is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The leader control is not set. Please set the configuration of the leader in the environment variables or "
-            "as an argument."
+            "as an argument.",
         )
 
     if not os.environ.get("FOLLOWER_CONTROL") and args.follower_control is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The follower control is not set. Please set the configuration of the follower in the environment "
-            "variables or as an argument."
+            "variables or as an argument.",
         )
 
     with open(
         os.environ.get("LEADER_CONTROL")
         if args.leader_control is None
-        else args.leader_control
+        else args.leader_control,
     ) as file:
         leader_control = json.load(file)
         load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables(leader_control, leader_control)
@@ -65,11 +63,11 @@ def main():
     with open(
         os.environ.get("FOLLOWER_CONTROL")
         if args.follower_control is None
-        else args.follower_control
+        else args.follower_control,
     ) as file:
         follower_control = json.load(file)
         load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables(
-            follower_control, follower_control
+            follower_control, follower_control,
         )
 
     node = Node(args.name)
@@ -98,11 +96,11 @@ def main():
                 follower_position = event["value"]
 
                 follower_position = pwm_to_logical_arrow(
-                    follower_position, follower_control
+                    follower_position, follower_control,
                 )
 
                 node.send_output(
-                    "logical_position", follower_position, event["metadata"]
+                    "logical_position", follower_position, event["metadata"],
                 )
 
         elif event_type == "ERROR":
diff --git a/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_simu_lcr.py b/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_simu_lcr.py
index e0e2d396..925af277 100644
--- a/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_simu_lcr.py
+++ b/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_simu_lcr.py
@@ -1,25 +1,23 @@
-import os
 import argparse
 import json
+import os
 
 import numpy as np
 import pyarrow as pa
 import pyarrow.compute as pc
-
 from dora import Node
-
 from pwm_position_control.load import load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables
 from pwm_position_control.transform import (
-    wrap_joints_and_values,
-    pwm_to_logical_arrow,
     logical_to_pwm_with_offset_arrow,
+    pwm_to_logical_arrow,
+    wrap_joints_and_values,
 )
 
 
 def main():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Interpolation LCR Node: This Dora node is used to calculates appropriate goal positions for the "
-        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position."
+        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -41,13 +39,13 @@ def main():
     if not os.environ.get("LEADER_CONTROL") and args.leader_control is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The leader control is not set. Please set the configuration of the leader in the environment variables or "
-            "as an argument."
+            "as an argument.",
         )
 
     with open(
         os.environ.get("LEADER_CONTROL")
         if args.leader_control is None
-        else args.leader_control
+        else args.leader_control,
     ) as file:
         leader_control = json.load(file)
         load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables(leader_control, leader_control)
@@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ def main():
                         [
                             joint.as_py() + "_joint"
                             for joint in leader_position.field("joints")
-                        ]
+                        ],
                     ),
                     pc.multiply(
                         pc.add(leader_position.field("values"), interpolation_a),
diff --git a/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_replay_to_lcr.py b/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_replay_to_lcr.py
index 53024c35..b4ee763b 100644
--- a/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_replay_to_lcr.py
+++ b/examples/alexk-lcr/nodes/interpolate_replay_to_lcr.py
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-import os
 import argparse
 import json
+import os
 
 from dora import Node
-
 from pwm_position_control.load import load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables
 from pwm_position_control.transform import logical_to_pwm_with_offset_arrow
 
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ from pwm_position_control.transform import logical_to_pwm_with_offset_arrow
 def main():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Interpolation LCR Node: This Dora node is used to calculates appropriate goal positions for the "
-        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position."
+        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -33,17 +32,17 @@ def main():
     if not os.environ.get("FOLLOWER_CONTROL") and args.follower_control is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The follower control is not set. Please set the configuration of the follower in the environment "
-            "variables or as an argument."
+            "variables or as an argument.",
         )
 
     with open(
         os.environ.get("FOLLOWER_CONTROL")
         if args.follower_control is None
-        else args.follower_control
+        else args.follower_control,
     ) as file:
         follower_control = json.load(file)
         load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables(
-            follower_control, follower_control
+            follower_control, follower_control,
         )
 
     node = Node(args.name)
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ def main():
                     continue
 
                 physical_goal = logical_to_pwm_with_offset_arrow(
-                    follower_position, leader_position, follower_control
+                    follower_position, leader_position, follower_control,
                 )
 
                 node.send_output("follower_goal", physical_goal, event["metadata"])
diff --git a/examples/aloha/benchmark/python/dynamixel.py b/examples/aloha/benchmark/python/dynamixel.py
index 636522b6..fefa28f8 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/benchmark/python/dynamixel.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/benchmark/python/dynamixel.py
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
+
+import enum
 import math
 import os
-from dynamixel_sdk import *  # Uses Dynamixel SDK library
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-import enum
 import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from dynamixel_sdk import *  # Uses Dynamixel SDK library
 
 
 class ReadAttribute(enum.Enum):
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ class Dynamixel:
 
         # self._enable_torque(motor_id)
         dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.write4ByteTxRx(
-            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.ADDR_GOAL_POSITION, goal_position
+            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.ADDR_GOAL_POSITION, goal_position,
         )
         # self._process_response(dxl_comm_result, dxl_error)
         # print(f'set position of motor {motor_id} to {goal_position}')
@@ -101,24 +103,23 @@ class Dynamixel:
             self._enable_torque(motor_id)
             # print(f'enabling torque')
         dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.write2ByteTxRx(
-            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.ADDR_GOAL_PWM, pwm_value
+            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.ADDR_GOAL_PWM, pwm_value,
         )
         # self._process_response(dxl_comm_result, dxl_error)
         # print(f'set pwm of motor {motor_id} to {pwm_value}')
         if dxl_comm_result != COMM_SUCCESS:
             if tries <= 1:
                 raise ConnectionError(
-                    f"dxl_comm_result: {self.packetHandler.getTxRxResult(dxl_comm_result)}"
-                )
-            else:
-                print(
-                    f"dynamixel pwm setting failure trying again with {tries - 1} tries"
+                    f"dxl_comm_result: {self.packetHandler.getTxRxResult(dxl_comm_result)}",
                 )
-                self.set_pwm_value(motor_id, pwm_value, tries=tries - 1)
+            print(
+                f"dynamixel pwm setting failure trying again with {tries - 1} tries",
+            )
+            self.set_pwm_value(motor_id, pwm_value, tries=tries - 1)
         elif dxl_error != 0:
             print(f"dxl error {dxl_error}")
             raise ConnectionError(
-                f"dynamixel error: {self.packetHandler.getTxRxResult(dxl_error)}"
+                f"dynamixel error: {self.packetHandler.getTxRxResult(dxl_error)}",
             )
 
     def read_temperature(self, motor_id: int):
@@ -157,8 +158,7 @@ class Dynamixel:
         return self._read_value(motor_id, ReadAttribute.HARDWARE_ERROR_STATUS, 1)
 
     def set_id(self, old_id, new_id, use_broadcast_id: bool = False):
-        """
-        sets the id of the dynamixel servo
+        """Sets the id of the dynamixel servo
         @param old_id: current id of the servo
         @param new_id: new id
         @param use_broadcast_id: set ids of all connected dynamixels if True.
@@ -170,21 +170,21 @@ class Dynamixel:
         else:
             current_id = old_id
         dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.write1ByteTxRx(
-            self.portHandler, current_id, self.ADDR_ID, new_id
+            self.portHandler, current_id, self.ADDR_ID, new_id,
         )
         self._process_response(dxl_comm_result, dxl_error, old_id)
         self.config.id = id
 
     def _enable_torque(self, motor_id):
         dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.write1ByteTxRx(
-            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.ADDR_TORQUE_ENABLE, 1
+            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.ADDR_TORQUE_ENABLE, 1,
         )
         self._process_response(dxl_comm_result, dxl_error, motor_id)
         self.torque_enabled[motor_id] = True
 
     def _disable_torque(self, motor_id):
         dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.write1ByteTxRx(
-            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.ADDR_TORQUE_ENABLE, 0
+            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.ADDR_TORQUE_ENABLE, 0,
         )
         self._process_response(dxl_comm_result, dxl_error, motor_id)
         self.torque_enabled[motor_id] = False
@@ -192,42 +192,42 @@ class Dynamixel:
     def _process_response(self, dxl_comm_result: int, dxl_error: int, motor_id: int):
         if dxl_comm_result != COMM_SUCCESS:
             raise ConnectionError(
-                f"dxl_comm_result for motor {motor_id}: {self.packetHandler.getTxRxResult(dxl_comm_result)}"
+                f"dxl_comm_result for motor {motor_id}: {self.packetHandler.getTxRxResult(dxl_comm_result)}",
             )
-        elif dxl_error != 0:
+        if dxl_error != 0:
             print(f"dxl error {dxl_error}")
             raise ConnectionError(
-                f"dynamixel error for motor {motor_id}: {self.packetHandler.getTxRxResult(dxl_error)}"
+                f"dynamixel error for motor {motor_id}: {self.packetHandler.getTxRxResult(dxl_error)}",
             )
 
     def set_operating_mode(self, motor_id: int, operating_mode: OperatingMode):
         dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.write2ByteTxRx(
-            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.OPERATING_MODE_ADDR, operating_mode.value
+            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.OPERATING_MODE_ADDR, operating_mode.value,
         )
         self._process_response(dxl_comm_result, dxl_error, motor_id)
         self.operating_modes[motor_id] = operating_mode
 
     def set_pwm_limit(self, motor_id: int, limit: int):
         dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.write2ByteTxRx(
-            self.portHandler, motor_id, 36, limit
+            self.portHandler, motor_id, 36, limit,
         )
         self._process_response(dxl_comm_result, dxl_error, motor_id)
 
     def set_velocity_limit(self, motor_id: int, velocity_limit):
         dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.write4ByteTxRx(
-            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.ADDR_VELOCITY_LIMIT, velocity_limit
+            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.ADDR_VELOCITY_LIMIT, velocity_limit,
         )
         self._process_response(dxl_comm_result, dxl_error, motor_id)
 
     def set_P(self, motor_id: int, P: int):
         dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.write2ByteTxRx(
-            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.POSITION_P, P
+            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.POSITION_P, P,
         )
         self._process_response(dxl_comm_result, dxl_error, motor_id)
 
     def set_I(self, motor_id: int, I: int):
         dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.write2ByteTxRx(
-            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.POSITION_I, I
+            self.portHandler, motor_id, self.POSITION_I, I,
         )
         self._process_response(dxl_comm_result, dxl_error, motor_id)
 
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ class Dynamixel:
     def set_home_offset(self, motor_id: int, home_position: int):
         self._disable_torque(motor_id)
         dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.write4ByteTxRx(
-            self.portHandler, motor_id, ReadAttribute.HOMING_OFFSET.value, home_position
+            self.portHandler, motor_id, ReadAttribute.HOMING_OFFSET.value, home_position,
         )
         self._process_response(dxl_comm_result, dxl_error, motor_id)
         self._enable_torque(motor_id)
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ class Dynamixel:
 
         self._disable_torque(motor_id)
         dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.write1ByteTxRx(
-            self.portHandler, motor_id, ReadAttribute.BAUDRATE.value, baudrate_id
+            self.portHandler, motor_id, ReadAttribute.BAUDRATE.value, baudrate_id,
         )
         self._process_response(dxl_comm_result, dxl_error, motor_id)
 
@@ -273,43 +273,40 @@ class Dynamixel:
         try:
             if num_bytes == 1:
                 value, dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.read1ByteTxRx(
-                    self.portHandler, motor_id, attribute.value
+                    self.portHandler, motor_id, attribute.value,
                 )
             elif num_bytes == 2:
                 value, dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.read2ByteTxRx(
-                    self.portHandler, motor_id, attribute.value
+                    self.portHandler, motor_id, attribute.value,
                 )
             elif num_bytes == 4:
                 value, dxl_comm_result, dxl_error = self.packetHandler.read4ByteTxRx(
-                    self.portHandler, motor_id, attribute.value
+                    self.portHandler, motor_id, attribute.value,
                 )
         except Exception:
             if tries == 0:
                 raise Exception
-            else:
-                return self._read_value(motor_id, attribute, num_bytes, tries=tries - 1)
+            return self._read_value(motor_id, attribute, num_bytes, tries=tries - 1)
         if dxl_comm_result != COMM_SUCCESS:
             if tries <= 1:
                 # print("%s" % self.packetHandler.getTxRxResult(dxl_comm_result))
                 raise ConnectionError(
-                    f"dxl_comm_result {dxl_comm_result} for servo {motor_id} value {value}"
-                )
-            else:
-                print(
-                    f"dynamixel read failure for servo {motor_id} trying again with {tries - 1} tries"
+                    f"dxl_comm_result {dxl_comm_result} for servo {motor_id} value {value}",
                 )
-                time.sleep(0.02)
-                return self._read_value(motor_id, attribute, num_bytes, tries=tries - 1)
-        elif (
+            print(
+                f"dynamixel read failure for servo {motor_id} trying again with {tries - 1} tries",
+            )
+            time.sleep(0.02)
+            return self._read_value(motor_id, attribute, num_bytes, tries=tries - 1)
+        if (
             dxl_error != 0
         ):  # # print("%s" % self.packetHandler.getRxPacketError(dxl_error))
             # raise ConnectionError(f'dxl_error {dxl_error} binary ' + "{0:b}".format(37))
             if tries == 0 and dxl_error != 128:
                 raise Exception(
-                    f"Failed to read value from motor {motor_id} error is {dxl_error}"
+                    f"Failed to read value from motor {motor_id} error is {dxl_error}",
                 )
-            else:
-                return self._read_value(motor_id, attribute, num_bytes, tries=tries - 1)
+            return self._read_value(motor_id, attribute, num_bytes, tries=tries - 1)
         return value
 
     def set_home_position(self, motor_id: int):
diff --git a/examples/aloha/benchmark/python/robot.py b/examples/aloha/benchmark/python/robot.py
index b57ff7b7..b2c1b0d6 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/benchmark/python/robot.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/benchmark/python/robot.py
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-import numpy as np
-from dynamixel import Dynamixel, OperatingMode, ReadAttribute
 import time
+from enum import Enum, auto
+from typing import Union
+
+import numpy as np
+from dynamixel import OperatingMode, ReadAttribute
 from dynamixel_sdk import (
-    GroupSyncRead,
-    GroupSyncWrite,
-    DXL_LOBYTE,
     DXL_HIBYTE,
-    DXL_LOWORD,
     DXL_HIWORD,
+    DXL_LOBYTE,
+    DXL_LOWORD,
+    GroupSyncRead,
+    GroupSyncWrite,
 )
-from enum import Enum, auto
-from typing import Union
 
 
 class MotorControlType(Enum):
@@ -65,8 +66,7 @@ class Robot:
         self.motor_control_state = MotorControlType.DISABLED
 
     def read_position(self, tries=2):
-        """
-        Reads the joint positions of the robot. 2048 is the center position. 0 and 4096 are 180 degrees in each direction.
+        """Reads the joint positions of the robot. 2048 is the center position. 0 and 4096 are 180 degrees in each direction.
         :param tries: maximum number of tries to read the position
         :return: list of joint positions in range [0, 4096]
         """
@@ -74,8 +74,7 @@ class Robot:
         if result != 0:
             if tries > 0:
                 return self.read_position(tries=tries - 1)
-            else:
-                print(f"failed to read position!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!")
+            print("failed to read position!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!")
         positions = []
         for id in self.servo_ids:
             position = self.position_reader.getData(id, ReadAttribute.POSITION.value, 4)
@@ -85,8 +84,7 @@ class Robot:
         return positions
 
     def read_velocity(self):
-        """
-        Reads the joint velocities of the robot.
+        """Reads the joint velocities of the robot.
         :return: list of joint velocities,
         """
         self.velocity_reader.txRxPacket()
@@ -99,11 +97,9 @@ class Robot:
         return velocties
 
     def set_goal_pos(self, action):
+        """:param action: list or numpy array of target joint positions in range [0, 4096]
         """
-
-        :param action: list or numpy array of target joint positions in range [0, 4096]
-        """
-        if not self.motor_control_state is MotorControlType.POSITION_CONTROL:
+        if self.motor_control_state is not MotorControlType.POSITION_CONTROL:
             self._set_position_control()
         for i, motor_id in enumerate(self.servo_ids):
             data_write = [
@@ -117,11 +113,10 @@ class Robot:
         self.pos_writer.txPacket()
 
     def set_pwm(self, action):
-        """
-        Sets the pwm values for the servos.
+        """Sets the pwm values for the servos.
         :param action: list or numpy array of pwm values in range [0, 885]
         """
-        if not self.motor_control_state is MotorControlType.PWM:
+        if self.motor_control_state is not MotorControlType.PWM:
             self._set_pwm_control()
         for i, motor_id in enumerate(self.servo_ids):
             data_write = [
@@ -133,15 +128,13 @@ class Robot:
         self.pwm_writer.txPacket()
 
     def set_trigger_torque(self):
-        """
-        Sets a constant torque torque for the last servo in the chain. This is useful for the trigger of the leader arm
+        """Sets a constant torque torque for the last servo in the chain. This is useful for the trigger of the leader arm
         """
         self.dynamixel._enable_torque(self.servo_ids[-1])
         self.dynamixel.set_pwm_value(self.servo_ids[-1], 200)
 
     def limit_pwm(self, limit: Union[int, list, np.ndarray]):
-        """
-        Limits the pwm values for the servos in for position control
+        """Limits the pwm values for the servos in for position control
         @param limit: 0 ~ 885
         @return:
         """
diff --git a/examples/aloha/benchmark/python/teleoperate_real_robot.py b/examples/aloha/benchmark/python/teleoperate_real_robot.py
index fb67bb16..74675656 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/benchmark/python/teleoperate_real_robot.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/benchmark/python/teleoperate_real_robot.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-from robot import Robot
 from dynamixel import Dynamixel
+from robot import Robot
 
 leader_dynamixel = Dynamixel.Config(
-    baudrate=1_000_000, device_name="/dev/ttyDXL_master_right"
+    baudrate=1_000_000, device_name="/dev/ttyDXL_master_right",
 ).instantiate()
 follower_dynamixel = Dynamixel.Config(
-    baudrate=1_000_000, device_name="/dev/ttyDXL_puppet_right"
+    baudrate=1_000_000, device_name="/dev/ttyDXL_puppet_right",
 ).instantiate()
 follower = Robot(follower_dynamixel, servo_ids=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
 leader = Robot(leader_dynamixel, servo_ids=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
diff --git a/examples/aloha/benchmark/ros2/teleop.py b/examples/aloha/benchmark/ros2/teleop.py
index b68939ae..dc127a67 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/benchmark/ros2/teleop.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/benchmark/ros2/teleop.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import dora
-from dora import Node
-import pyarrow as pa
 import numpy as np
-
+import pyarrow as pa
+from dora import Node
 
 ros2_context = dora.experimental.ros2_bridge.Ros2Context()
 ros2_node = ros2_context.new_node(
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@ ros2_node = ros2_context.new_node(
 
 # Define a ROS2 QOS
 topic_qos = dora.experimental.ros2_bridge.Ros2QosPolicies(
-    reliable=True, max_blocking_time=0.1
+    reliable=True, max_blocking_time=0.1,
 )
 
 # Create a publisher to cmd_vel topic
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ puppet_arm_command = ros2_node.create_publisher(
         "/robot_model_puppet/commands/joint_group",
         "interbotix_xs_msgs/JointGroupCommand",
         topic_qos,
-    )
+    ),
 )
 
 gripper_command = ros2_node.create_publisher(
@@ -30,13 +29,13 @@ gripper_command = ros2_node.create_publisher(
         "/robot_model_puppet/commands/joint_single",
         "interbotix_xs_msgs/JointSingleCommand",
         topic_qos,
-    )
+    ),
 )
 # Create a listener to pose topic
 master_state = ros2_node.create_subscription(
     ros2_node.create_topic(
-        "/robot_model_master/joint_states", "sensor_msgs/JointState", topic_qos
-    )
+        "/robot_model_master/joint_states", "sensor_msgs/JointState", topic_qos,
+    ),
 )
 
 # Create a dora node
@@ -74,8 +73,8 @@ for event in dora_node:
                     {
                         "name": "gripper",
                         "cmd": np.float32(values[6]),
-                    }
-                ]
+                    },
+                ],
             ),
         )
         puppet_arm_command.publish(
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ for event in dora_node:
                     {
                         "name": "arm",
                         "cmd": values[:6],
-                    }
-                ]
+                    },
+                ],
             ),
         )
diff --git a/examples/aloha/nodes/gym_dora_node.py b/examples/aloha/nodes/gym_dora_node.py
index 9cad666c..70af510d 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/nodes/gym_dora_node.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/nodes/gym_dora_node.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-import gymnasium as gym
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
 
 import gym_dora  # noqa: F401
+import gymnasium as gym
 import pandas as pd
-import time
-from pathlib import Path
 
 env = gym.make(
-    "gym_dora/DoraAloha-v0", disable_env_checker=True, max_episode_steps=10000
+    "gym_dora/DoraAloha-v0", disable_env_checker=True, max_episode_steps=10000,
 )
 observation = env.reset()
 
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ class ReplayPolicy:
 
 policy = ReplayPolicy(
     Path(
-        "/home/rcadene/dora-aloha/aloha/graphs/out/018fa4ad-5942-7235-93d3-3efebe9b8a12"
-    )
+        "/home/rcadene/dora-aloha/aloha/graphs/out/018fa4ad-5942-7235-93d3-3efebe9b8a12",
+    ),
 )
 
 
diff --git a/examples/aloha/nodes/keyboard_node.py b/examples/aloha/nodes/keyboard_node.py
index 213ba448..32fee0dc 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/nodes/keyboard_node.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/nodes/keyboard_node.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-from pynput import keyboard
-from pynput.keyboard import Key, Events
 import pyarrow as pa
 from dora import Node
-
+from pynput import keyboard
+from pynput.keyboard import Events, Key
 
 node = Node()
 buffer_text = ""
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ with keyboard.Events() as events:
                 cursor += 1
                 node.send_output("space", pa.array([cursor]))
                 space = True
-            
+
 
         elif event is not None and isinstance(event, Events.Release):
             if event.key == Key.space:
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ with keyboard.Events() as events:
                 space = False
             elif event.key == Key.backspace:
                 node.send_output("failed", pa.array([cursor]))
-                
+
 
         if node.next(0.001) is None:
             break
diff --git a/examples/aloha/nodes/lerobot_webcam_saver.py b/examples/aloha/nodes/lerobot_webcam_saver.py
index 864b47f0..840a39fe 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/nodes/lerobot_webcam_saver.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/nodes/lerobot_webcam_saver.py
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 import os
-import time
-import numpy as np
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import cv2
 import pyarrow as pa
-from pathlib import Path
 from dora import Node
-import subprocess
 
 node = Node()
 
@@ -40,12 +38,12 @@ for event in node:
                     f"ffmpeg -r {FPS} "
                     "-f image2 "
                     "-loglevel error "
-                    f"-i {str(out_dir / 'frame_%06d.png')} "
+                    f"-i {out_dir / 'frame_%06d.png'!s} "
                     "-vcodec libx264 "
                     "-g 2 "
                     "-pix_fmt yuv444p "
-                    f"{str(video_path)} &&"
-                    f"rm -r {str(out_dir)}"
+                    f"{video_path!s} &&"
+                    f"rm -r {out_dir!s}"
                 )
                 print(ffmpeg_cmd, flush=True)
                 subprocess.Popen([ffmpeg_cmd], start_new_session=True, shell=True)
diff --git a/examples/aloha/nodes/llm_op.py b/examples/aloha/nodes/llm_op.py
index acaea635..07797349 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/nodes/llm_op.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/nodes/llm_op.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-from dora import DoraStatus
-import pylcs
-import os
-import pyarrow as pa
-from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
-import torch
-
 import gc  # garbage collect library
+import os
 import re
 import time
 
+import pyarrow as pa
+import pylcs
+import torch
+from dora import DoraStatus
+from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
+
 CHATGPT = False
 MODEL_NAME_OR_PATH = "TheBloke/deepseek-coder-6.7B-instruct-GPTQ"
 
@@ -39,14 +39,16 @@ tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(MODEL_NAME_OR_PATH, use_fast=True)
 
 
 def extract_python_code_blocks(text):
-    """
-    Extracts Python code blocks from the given text that are enclosed in triple backticks with a python language identifier.
+    """Extracts Python code blocks from the given text that are enclosed in triple backticks with a python language identifier.
 
-    Parameters:
+    Parameters
+    ----------
     - text: A string that may contain one or more Python code blocks.
 
-    Returns:
+    Returns
+    -------
     - A list of strings, where each string is a block of Python code extracted from the text.
+
     """
     pattern = r"```python\n(.*?)\n```"
     matches = re.findall(pattern, text, re.DOTALL)
@@ -55,21 +57,22 @@ def extract_python_code_blocks(text):
         matches = re.findall(pattern, text, re.DOTALL)
         if len(matches) == 0:
             return [text]
-        else:
-            matches = [remove_last_line(matches[0])]
+        matches = [remove_last_line(matches[0])]
 
     return matches
 
 
 def remove_last_line(python_code):
-    """
-    Removes the last line from a given string of Python code.
+    """Removes the last line from a given string of Python code.
 
-    Parameters:
+    Parameters
+    ----------
     - python_code: A string representing Python source code.
 
-    Returns:
+    Returns
+    -------
     - A string with the last line removed.
+
     """
     lines = python_code.split("\n")  # Split the string into lines
     if lines:  # Check if there are any lines to remove
@@ -78,8 +81,7 @@ def remove_last_line(python_code):
 
 
 def calculate_similarity(source, target):
-    """
-    Calculate a similarity score between the source and target strings.
+    """Calculate a similarity score between the source and target strings.
     This uses the edit distance relative to the length of the strings.
     """
     edit_distance = pylcs.edit_distance(source, target)
@@ -90,8 +92,7 @@ def calculate_similarity(source, target):
 
 
 def find_best_match_location(source_code, target_block):
-    """
-    Find the best match for the target_block within the source_code by searching line by line,
+    """Find the best match for the target_block within the source_code by searching line by line,
     considering blocks of varying lengths.
     """
     source_lines = source_code.split("\n")
@@ -121,8 +122,7 @@ def find_best_match_location(source_code, target_block):
 
 
 def replace_code_in_source(source_code, replacement_block: str):
-    """
-    Replace the best matching block in the source_code with the replacement_block, considering variable block lengths.
+    """Replace the best matching block in the source_code with the replacement_block, considering variable block lengths.
     """
     replacement_block = extract_python_code_blocks(replacement_block)[0]
     start_index, end_index = find_best_match_location(source_code, replacement_block)
@@ -132,8 +132,7 @@ def replace_code_in_source(source_code, replacement_block: str):
             source_code[:start_index] + replacement_block + source_code[end_index:]
         )
         return new_source
-    else:
-        return source_code
+    return source_code
 
 
 class Operator:
@@ -155,14 +154,14 @@ class Operator:
             current_directory = os.path.dirname(current_file_path)
             path = current_directory + "/policy.py"
 
-            with open(path, "r", encoding="utf8") as f:
+            with open(path, encoding="utf8") as f:
                 code = f.read()
 
             user_message = input
             start_llm = time.time()
 
             output = self.ask_llm(
-                CODE_MODIFIER_TEMPLATE.format(code=code, user_message=user_message)
+                CODE_MODIFIER_TEMPLATE.format(code=code, user_message=user_message),
             )
 
             source_code = replace_code_in_source(code, output)
@@ -213,7 +212,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     current_directory = os.path.dirname(current_file_path)
 
     path = current_directory + "/policy.py"
-    with open(path, "r", encoding="utf8") as f:
+    with open(path, encoding="utf8") as f:
         raw = f.read()
 
     op.on_event(
@@ -226,7 +225,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
                         "path": path,
                         "user_message": "When I say suit up, get the hat and the get the food.",
                     },
-                ]
+                ],
             ),
             "metadata": [],
         },
diff --git a/examples/aloha/nodes/plot_node.py b/examples/aloha/nodes/plot_node.py
index 55fc641c..cfb482d9 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/nodes/plot_node.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/nodes/plot_node.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import os
+
 import cv2
 from dora import Node
 
-
 IMAGE_WIDTH = int(os.getenv("IMAGE_WIDTH", "1280"))
 IMAGE_HEIGHT = int(os.getenv("IMAGE_HEIGHT", "720"))
 FONT = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
diff --git a/examples/aloha/nodes/policy.py b/examples/aloha/nodes/policy.py
index 1de183dc..3825c987 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/nodes/policy.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/nodes/policy.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import pyarrow as pa
 from dora import DoraStatus
 
 
diff --git a/examples/aloha/nodes/realsense_node.py b/examples/aloha/nodes/realsense_node.py
index ef5be285..0d8998d8 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/nodes/realsense_node.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/nodes/realsense_node.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-import pyrealsense2 as rs
-import numpy as np
-from dora import Node
-import pyarrow as pa
 import os
+
 import cv2
+import numpy as np
+import pyarrow as pa
+import pyrealsense2 as rs
+from dora import Node
 
 IMAGE_WIDTH = int(os.getenv("IMAGE_WIDTH", "640"))
 IMAGE_HEIGHT = int(os.getenv("IMAGE_HEIGHT", "480"))
diff --git a/examples/aloha/nodes/replay.py b/examples/aloha/nodes/replay.py
index de485cf6..755403e1 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/nodes/replay.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/nodes/replay.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-from dora import Node
-import pandas as pd
-import pyarrow as pa
 import time
 
+import pandas as pd
+import pyarrow as pa
+from dora import Node
 
 TOPIC = "puppet_goal_position"
 
diff --git a/examples/aloha/nodes/webcam.py b/examples/aloha/nodes/webcam.py
index 2d4806ab..219099f5 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/nodes/webcam.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/nodes/webcam.py
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 import os
-import time
-import numpy as np
+
 import cv2
+import numpy as np
 import pyarrow as pa
-
 from dora import Node
 
 node = Node()
@@ -26,8 +24,8 @@ for event in node:
             frame = np.zeros((CAMERA_HEIGHT, CAMERA_WIDTH, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
             cv2.putText(
                 frame,
-                "No Webcam was found at index %d" % (CAMERA_ID),
-                (int(30), int(30)),
+                f"No Webcam was found at index {CAMERA_ID}",
+                (30, 30),
                 font,
                 0.75,
                 (255, 255, 255),
diff --git a/examples/aloha/nodes/whisper_node.py b/examples/aloha/nodes/whisper_node.py
index 903f5cb5..bf3ad1fe 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/nodes/whisper_node.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/nodes/whisper_node.py
@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
-import pyarrow as pa
-import whisper
-from pynput import keyboard
-from pynput.keyboard import Key, Events
-from dora import Node
-
-import torch
 import numpy as np
 import pyarrow as pa
 import sounddevice as sd
-import gc  # garbage collect library
+import whisper
+from dora import Node
+from pynput import keyboard
+from pynput.keyboard import Events, Key
 
 model = whisper.load_model("base")
 
@@ -48,7 +44,7 @@ with keyboard.Events() as events:
                 if event.key == Key.alt_r:
                     result = get_text(5)
                     node.send_output(
-                        "text_llm", pa.array([result["text"]]), dora_event["metadata"]
+                        "text_llm", pa.array([result["text"]]), dora_event["metadata"],
                     )
                 elif event.key == Key.ctrl_r:
                     result = get_text(3)
diff --git a/examples/aloha/tests/test_realsense.py b/examples/aloha/tests/test_realsense.py
index a7750d59..30ae9d89 100644
--- a/examples/aloha/tests/test_realsense.py
+++ b/examples/aloha/tests/test_realsense.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-import pyrealsense2 as rs
+import os
+
 import cv2
 import numpy as np
-import os
+import pyrealsense2 as rs
 
 CAMERA_ID = os.getenv("CAMERA_ID")
 pipe = rs.pipeline()
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ profile = pipe.start(config)
 
 
 try:
-    for i in range(0, 1000):
+    for i in range(1000):
         frames = pipe.wait_for_frames()
         color_frame = frames.get_color_frame()
         color_images = np.asanyarray(color_frame.get_data())
diff --git a/examples/lebai/nodes/interpolation.py b/examples/lebai/nodes/interpolation.py
index f14baedc..06a40302 100644
--- a/examples/lebai/nodes/interpolation.py
+++ b/examples/lebai/nodes/interpolation.py
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-from dora import Node
-import pyarrow as pa
 from enum import Enum
 
+import pyarrow as pa
+from dora import Node
+
 node = Node()
 
 
 class Action(Enum):
-    """
-    Action abstraction
-    """
+    """Action abstraction for robot movement commands."""
 
     YAW_RIGHT = ("yaw right", "movej", [0, 0, 0, 0, -0.1, 0, 0.1])
     YAW_LEFT = ("yaw left", "movej", [0, 0, 0, 0, 0.1, 0, 0.1])
diff --git a/examples/lebai/nodes/key_interpolation.py b/examples/lebai/nodes/key_interpolation.py
index 25d7361f..1776fa6b 100644
--- a/examples/lebai/nodes/key_interpolation.py
+++ b/examples/lebai/nodes/key_interpolation.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-from dora import Node
 import pyarrow as pa
+from dora import Node
 
 node = Node()
 
diff --git a/examples/lebai/nodes/prompt_interpolation.py b/examples/lebai/nodes/prompt_interpolation.py
index 4c5ecc32..f81f6b69 100644
--- a/examples/lebai/nodes/prompt_interpolation.py
+++ b/examples/lebai/nodes/prompt_interpolation.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-from dora import Node
 import pyarrow as pa
+from dora import Node
 
 node = Node()
 
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ for event in node:
                     pa.array(
                         [
                             "Respond with left, right, forward, back, up, down or go home in order for the robotic arm to "
-                            + text
-                        ]
+                            + text,
+                        ],
                     ),
                 )
diff --git a/examples/lebai/nodes/voice_interpolation.py b/examples/lebai/nodes/voice_interpolation.py
index 43479e82..72d5c9c2 100644
--- a/examples/lebai/nodes/voice_interpolation.py
+++ b/examples/lebai/nodes/voice_interpolation.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-from dora import Node
 import pyarrow as pa
+from dora import Node
 
 node = Node()
 
diff --git a/examples/reachy/nodes/gym_dora_node.py b/examples/reachy/nodes/gym_dora_node.py
index 96030682..c1ce0640 100644
--- a/examples/reachy/nodes/gym_dora_node.py
+++ b/examples/reachy/nodes/gym_dora_node.py
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 import time
-from pathlib import Path
 
+import gym_dora  # noqa: F401
 import gymnasium as gym
 import pandas as pd
 from lerobot.common.datasets.lerobot_dataset import LeRobotDataset
 
-import gym_dora  # noqa: F401
-
 env = gym.make(
-    "gym_dora/DoraReachy2-v0", disable_env_checker=True, max_episode_steps=10000
+    "gym_dora/DoraReachy2-v0", disable_env_checker=True, max_episode_steps=10000,
 )
 observation = env.reset()
 
diff --git a/examples/reachy/nodes/keyboard_node.py b/examples/reachy/nodes/keyboard_node.py
index 213ba448..32fee0dc 100644
--- a/examples/reachy/nodes/keyboard_node.py
+++ b/examples/reachy/nodes/keyboard_node.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-from pynput import keyboard
-from pynput.keyboard import Key, Events
 import pyarrow as pa
 from dora import Node
-
+from pynput import keyboard
+from pynput.keyboard import Events, Key
 
 node = Node()
 buffer_text = ""
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ with keyboard.Events() as events:
                 cursor += 1
                 node.send_output("space", pa.array([cursor]))
                 space = True
-            
+
 
         elif event is not None and isinstance(event, Events.Release):
             if event.key == Key.space:
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ with keyboard.Events() as events:
                 space = False
             elif event.key == Key.backspace:
                 node.send_output("failed", pa.array([cursor]))
-                
+
 
         if node.next(0.001) is None:
             break
diff --git a/examples/reachy/nodes/lerobot_webcam_saver.py b/examples/reachy/nodes/lerobot_webcam_saver.py
index 971bc791..28ba5271 100644
--- a/examples/reachy/nodes/lerobot_webcam_saver.py
+++ b/examples/reachy/nodes/lerobot_webcam_saver.py
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 import os
-import time
-import numpy as np
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import cv2
 import pyarrow as pa
-from pathlib import Path
 from dora import Node
-import subprocess
 
 node = Node()
 
@@ -40,12 +38,12 @@ for event in node:
                     f"ffmpeg -r {FPS} "
                     "-f image2 "
                     "-loglevel error "
-                    f"-i {str(out_dir / 'frame_%06d.png')} "
+                    f"-i {out_dir / 'frame_%06d.png'!s} "
                     "-vcodec libx264 "
                     "-g 2 "
                     "-pix_fmt yuv444p "
-                    f"{str(video_path)} &&"
-                    f"rm -r {str(out_dir)}"
+                    f"{video_path!s} &&"
+                    f"rm -r {out_dir!s}"
                 )
                 print(ffmpeg_cmd, flush=True)
                 subprocess.Popen([ffmpeg_cmd], start_new_session=True, shell=True)
diff --git a/examples/reachy/nodes/plot_node.py b/examples/reachy/nodes/plot_node.py
index a2c4ea2b..ebc8ebd3 100644
--- a/examples/reachy/nodes/plot_node.py
+++ b/examples/reachy/nodes/plot_node.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import os
+
 import cv2
 from dora import Node
 
-
 IMAGE_WIDTH = int(os.getenv("IMAGE_WIDTH", "1280"))
 IMAGE_HEIGHT = int(os.getenv("IMAGE_HEIGHT", "720"))
 FONT = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
diff --git a/examples/reachy/nodes/reachy_client.py b/examples/reachy/nodes/reachy_client.py
index 0fb16bc1..4477fa72 100644
--- a/examples/reachy/nodes/reachy_client.py
+++ b/examples/reachy/nodes/reachy_client.py
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-import argparse
-import os
 import time
-from pathlib import Path
 
 # import h5py
 import numpy as np
@@ -83,7 +80,7 @@ for event in node:
             #     min(100, max(0, action[7] / 2.26 * 100))
             # )  # replay true action value
             reachy.l_arm.gripper.set_opening(
-                0 if action[7] < 2.0 else 100
+                0 if action[7] < 2.0 else 100,
             )  # trick to force the gripper to close fully
 
             reachy.r_arm.shoulder.pitch.goal_position = np.rad2deg(action[8])
@@ -97,7 +94,7 @@ for event in node:
             #     min(100, max(0, action[15] / 2.26 * 100))
             # )  # replay true action value
             reachy.r_arm.gripper.set_opening(
-                0 if action[15] < 2.0 else 100
+                0 if action[15] < 2.0 else 100,
             )  # trick to force the gripper to close fully
             reachy.mobile_base.set_speed(action[16], action[17], np.rad2deg(action[18]))
             reachy.head.neck.roll.goal_position = np.rad2deg(action[19])
@@ -110,38 +107,38 @@ for event in node:
                 mobile_base_pos = {"vx": 0, "vy": 0, "vtheta": 0}
             qpos = {
                 "l_arm_shoulder_pitch": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.l_arm.shoulder.pitch.present_position
+                    reachy.l_arm.shoulder.pitch.present_position,
                 ),
                 "l_arm_shoulder_roll": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.l_arm.shoulder.roll.present_position
+                    reachy.l_arm.shoulder.roll.present_position,
                 ),
                 "l_arm_elbow_yaw": np.deg2rad(reachy.l_arm.elbow.yaw.present_position),
                 "l_arm_elbow_pitch": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.l_arm.elbow.pitch.present_position
+                    reachy.l_arm.elbow.pitch.present_position,
                 ),
                 "l_arm_wrist_roll": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.l_arm.wrist.roll.present_position
+                    reachy.l_arm.wrist.roll.present_position,
                 ),
                 "l_arm_wrist_pitch": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.l_arm.wrist.pitch.present_position
+                    reachy.l_arm.wrist.pitch.present_position,
                 ),
                 "l_arm_wrist_yaw": np.deg2rad(reachy.l_arm.wrist.yaw.present_position),
                 "l_gripper": reachy.l_arm.gripper._present_position,
                 "r_arm_shoulder_pitch": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.r_arm.shoulder.pitch.present_position
+                    reachy.r_arm.shoulder.pitch.present_position,
                 ),
                 "r_arm_shoulder_roll": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.r_arm.shoulder.roll.present_position
+                    reachy.r_arm.shoulder.roll.present_position,
                 ),
                 "r_arm_elbow_yaw": np.deg2rad(reachy.r_arm.elbow.yaw.present_position),
                 "r_arm_elbow_pitch": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.r_arm.elbow.pitch.present_position
+                    reachy.r_arm.elbow.pitch.present_position,
                 ),
                 "r_arm_wrist_roll": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.r_arm.wrist.roll.present_position
+                    reachy.r_arm.wrist.roll.present_position,
                 ),
                 "r_arm_wrist_pitch": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.r_arm.wrist.pitch.present_position
+                    reachy.r_arm.wrist.pitch.present_position,
                 ),
                 "r_arm_wrist_yaw": np.deg2rad(reachy.r_arm.wrist.yaw.present_position),
                 "r_gripper": reachy.r_arm.gripper._present_position,
diff --git a/examples/reachy/nodes/reachy_vision_client.py b/examples/reachy/nodes/reachy_vision_client.py
index 1cce7c26..1a4cb7d1 100644
--- a/examples/reachy/nodes/reachy_vision_client.py
+++ b/examples/reachy/nodes/reachy_vision_client.py
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-import argparse
-import os
 import time
-from pathlib import Path
 
 import numpy as np
 import pyarrow as pa
@@ -21,7 +18,6 @@ cam = SDKWrapper(get_config_file_path("CONFIG_SR"), fps=freq)
 # ret, image = cap.read()
 
 import cv2
-import numpy as np
 
 episode = 1
 dataset = LeRobotDataset("cadene/reachy2_teleop_remi")
@@ -41,8 +37,6 @@ images = images.astype(np.uint8)
 images = cv2.cvtColor(images, cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
 
 # start = time.time()
-import PIL
-import torch
 
 # frame_hwc = (images.permute((1, 2, 0)) * 255).type(torch.uint8).cpu().numpy()
 
diff --git a/examples/reachy/nodes/replay_node.py b/examples/reachy/nodes/replay_node.py
index f268f3fc..4f56b02d 100644
--- a/examples/reachy/nodes/replay_node.py
+++ b/examples/reachy/nodes/replay_node.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-from lerobot.common.datasets.lerobot_dataset import LeRobotDataset
 import time
-from dora import Node
+
 import pyarrow as pa
+from dora import Node
+from lerobot.common.datasets.lerobot_dataset import LeRobotDataset
 
 episode = 1
 dataset = LeRobotDataset("cadene/reachy2_teleop_remi")
diff --git a/examples/reachy1/nodes/gym_dora_node.py b/examples/reachy1/nodes/gym_dora_node.py
index 96030682..c1ce0640 100644
--- a/examples/reachy1/nodes/gym_dora_node.py
+++ b/examples/reachy1/nodes/gym_dora_node.py
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 import time
-from pathlib import Path
 
+import gym_dora  # noqa: F401
 import gymnasium as gym
 import pandas as pd
 from lerobot.common.datasets.lerobot_dataset import LeRobotDataset
 
-import gym_dora  # noqa: F401
-
 env = gym.make(
-    "gym_dora/DoraReachy2-v0", disable_env_checker=True, max_episode_steps=10000
+    "gym_dora/DoraReachy2-v0", disable_env_checker=True, max_episode_steps=10000,
 )
 observation = env.reset()
 
diff --git a/examples/reachy1/nodes/key_interpolation.py b/examples/reachy1/nodes/key_interpolation.py
index b997c7a0..b5107614 100644
--- a/examples/reachy1/nodes/key_interpolation.py
+++ b/examples/reachy1/nodes/key_interpolation.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-from dora import Node
 import pyarrow as pa
+from dora import Node
 
 node = Node()
 
diff --git a/examples/reachy1/nodes/keyboard_node.py b/examples/reachy1/nodes/keyboard_node.py
index 213ba448..32fee0dc 100644
--- a/examples/reachy1/nodes/keyboard_node.py
+++ b/examples/reachy1/nodes/keyboard_node.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-from pynput import keyboard
-from pynput.keyboard import Key, Events
 import pyarrow as pa
 from dora import Node
-
+from pynput import keyboard
+from pynput.keyboard import Events, Key
 
 node = Node()
 buffer_text = ""
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ with keyboard.Events() as events:
                 cursor += 1
                 node.send_output("space", pa.array([cursor]))
                 space = True
-            
+
 
         elif event is not None and isinstance(event, Events.Release):
             if event.key == Key.space:
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ with keyboard.Events() as events:
                 space = False
             elif event.key == Key.backspace:
                 node.send_output("failed", pa.array([cursor]))
-                
+
 
         if node.next(0.001) is None:
             break
diff --git a/examples/reachy1/nodes/lerobot_webcam_saver.py b/examples/reachy1/nodes/lerobot_webcam_saver.py
index 971bc791..28ba5271 100644
--- a/examples/reachy1/nodes/lerobot_webcam_saver.py
+++ b/examples/reachy1/nodes/lerobot_webcam_saver.py
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 import os
-import time
-import numpy as np
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import cv2
 import pyarrow as pa
-from pathlib import Path
 from dora import Node
-import subprocess
 
 node = Node()
 
@@ -40,12 +38,12 @@ for event in node:
                     f"ffmpeg -r {FPS} "
                     "-f image2 "
                     "-loglevel error "
-                    f"-i {str(out_dir / 'frame_%06d.png')} "
+                    f"-i {out_dir / 'frame_%06d.png'!s} "
                     "-vcodec libx264 "
                     "-g 2 "
                     "-pix_fmt yuv444p "
-                    f"{str(video_path)} &&"
-                    f"rm -r {str(out_dir)}"
+                    f"{video_path!s} &&"
+                    f"rm -r {out_dir!s}"
                 )
                 print(ffmpeg_cmd, flush=True)
                 subprocess.Popen([ffmpeg_cmd], start_new_session=True, shell=True)
diff --git a/examples/reachy1/nodes/plot_node.py b/examples/reachy1/nodes/plot_node.py
index a2c4ea2b..ebc8ebd3 100644
--- a/examples/reachy1/nodes/plot_node.py
+++ b/examples/reachy1/nodes/plot_node.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import os
+
 import cv2
 from dora import Node
 
-
 IMAGE_WIDTH = int(os.getenv("IMAGE_WIDTH", "1280"))
 IMAGE_HEIGHT = int(os.getenv("IMAGE_HEIGHT", "720"))
 FONT = cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
diff --git a/examples/reachy1/nodes/reachy_client.py b/examples/reachy1/nodes/reachy_client.py
index 0fb16bc1..4477fa72 100644
--- a/examples/reachy1/nodes/reachy_client.py
+++ b/examples/reachy1/nodes/reachy_client.py
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-import argparse
-import os
 import time
-from pathlib import Path
 
 # import h5py
 import numpy as np
@@ -83,7 +80,7 @@ for event in node:
             #     min(100, max(0, action[7] / 2.26 * 100))
             # )  # replay true action value
             reachy.l_arm.gripper.set_opening(
-                0 if action[7] < 2.0 else 100
+                0 if action[7] < 2.0 else 100,
             )  # trick to force the gripper to close fully
 
             reachy.r_arm.shoulder.pitch.goal_position = np.rad2deg(action[8])
@@ -97,7 +94,7 @@ for event in node:
             #     min(100, max(0, action[15] / 2.26 * 100))
             # )  # replay true action value
             reachy.r_arm.gripper.set_opening(
-                0 if action[15] < 2.0 else 100
+                0 if action[15] < 2.0 else 100,
             )  # trick to force the gripper to close fully
             reachy.mobile_base.set_speed(action[16], action[17], np.rad2deg(action[18]))
             reachy.head.neck.roll.goal_position = np.rad2deg(action[19])
@@ -110,38 +107,38 @@ for event in node:
                 mobile_base_pos = {"vx": 0, "vy": 0, "vtheta": 0}
             qpos = {
                 "l_arm_shoulder_pitch": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.l_arm.shoulder.pitch.present_position
+                    reachy.l_arm.shoulder.pitch.present_position,
                 ),
                 "l_arm_shoulder_roll": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.l_arm.shoulder.roll.present_position
+                    reachy.l_arm.shoulder.roll.present_position,
                 ),
                 "l_arm_elbow_yaw": np.deg2rad(reachy.l_arm.elbow.yaw.present_position),
                 "l_arm_elbow_pitch": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.l_arm.elbow.pitch.present_position
+                    reachy.l_arm.elbow.pitch.present_position,
                 ),
                 "l_arm_wrist_roll": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.l_arm.wrist.roll.present_position
+                    reachy.l_arm.wrist.roll.present_position,
                 ),
                 "l_arm_wrist_pitch": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.l_arm.wrist.pitch.present_position
+                    reachy.l_arm.wrist.pitch.present_position,
                 ),
                 "l_arm_wrist_yaw": np.deg2rad(reachy.l_arm.wrist.yaw.present_position),
                 "l_gripper": reachy.l_arm.gripper._present_position,
                 "r_arm_shoulder_pitch": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.r_arm.shoulder.pitch.present_position
+                    reachy.r_arm.shoulder.pitch.present_position,
                 ),
                 "r_arm_shoulder_roll": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.r_arm.shoulder.roll.present_position
+                    reachy.r_arm.shoulder.roll.present_position,
                 ),
                 "r_arm_elbow_yaw": np.deg2rad(reachy.r_arm.elbow.yaw.present_position),
                 "r_arm_elbow_pitch": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.r_arm.elbow.pitch.present_position
+                    reachy.r_arm.elbow.pitch.present_position,
                 ),
                 "r_arm_wrist_roll": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.r_arm.wrist.roll.present_position
+                    reachy.r_arm.wrist.roll.present_position,
                 ),
                 "r_arm_wrist_pitch": np.deg2rad(
-                    reachy.r_arm.wrist.pitch.present_position
+                    reachy.r_arm.wrist.pitch.present_position,
                 ),
                 "r_arm_wrist_yaw": np.deg2rad(reachy.r_arm.wrist.yaw.present_position),
                 "r_gripper": reachy.r_arm.gripper._present_position,
diff --git a/examples/reachy1/nodes/reachy_vision_client.py b/examples/reachy1/nodes/reachy_vision_client.py
index 1cce7c26..1a4cb7d1 100644
--- a/examples/reachy1/nodes/reachy_vision_client.py
+++ b/examples/reachy1/nodes/reachy_vision_client.py
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-import argparse
-import os
 import time
-from pathlib import Path
 
 import numpy as np
 import pyarrow as pa
@@ -21,7 +18,6 @@ cam = SDKWrapper(get_config_file_path("CONFIG_SR"), fps=freq)
 # ret, image = cap.read()
 
 import cv2
-import numpy as np
 
 episode = 1
 dataset = LeRobotDataset("cadene/reachy2_teleop_remi")
@@ -41,8 +37,6 @@ images = images.astype(np.uint8)
 images = cv2.cvtColor(images, cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
 
 # start = time.time()
-import PIL
-import torch
 
 # frame_hwc = (images.permute((1, 2, 0)) * 255).type(torch.uint8).cpu().numpy()
 
diff --git a/examples/reachy1/nodes/replay_node.py b/examples/reachy1/nodes/replay_node.py
index f268f3fc..4f56b02d 100644
--- a/examples/reachy1/nodes/replay_node.py
+++ b/examples/reachy1/nodes/replay_node.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-from lerobot.common.datasets.lerobot_dataset import LeRobotDataset
 import time
-from dora import Node
+
 import pyarrow as pa
+from dora import Node
+from lerobot.common.datasets.lerobot_dataset import LeRobotDataset
 
 episode = 1
 dataset = LeRobotDataset("cadene/reachy2_teleop_remi")
diff --git a/examples/reachy1/nodes/text_interpolation.py b/examples/reachy1/nodes/text_interpolation.py
index 0910b350..2d9a514b 100644
--- a/examples/reachy1/nodes/text_interpolation.py
+++ b/examples/reachy1/nodes/text_interpolation.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-from dora import Node
 import pyarrow as pa
-import numpy as np
+from dora import Node
 
 node = Node()
 
@@ -19,19 +18,19 @@ for event in node:
             node.send_output("head_action", pa.array([0, head_step, 0]))
         elif text == "look up":
             node.send_output(
-                "head_action", pa.array([head_step / 2, 0, -head_step / 2])
+                "head_action", pa.array([head_step / 2, 0, -head_step / 2]),
             )
         elif text == "look down":
             node.send_output(
-                "head_action", pa.array([-head_step / 2, 0, head_step / 2])
+                "head_action", pa.array([-head_step / 2, 0, head_step / 2]),
             )
         elif text == "look up":
             node.send_output(
-                "head_action", pa.array([head_step / 2, 0, -head_step / 2])
+                "head_action", pa.array([head_step / 2, 0, -head_step / 2]),
             )
         elif text == "look down":
             node.send_output(
-                "head_action", pa.array([-head_step / 2, 0, head_step / 2])
+                "head_action", pa.array([-head_step / 2, 0, head_step / 2]),
             )
         elif text == "smile":
             node.send_output("antenna_action", pa.array(["smile"]))
@@ -54,8 +53,8 @@ for event in node:
                 "question",
                 pa.array(
                     [
-                        "Respond with right, left, forward, backward, open, or close to grab the trash"
-                    ]
+                        "Respond with right, left, forward, backward, open, or close to grab the trash",
+                    ],
                 ),
             )
 
@@ -65,8 +64,8 @@ for event in node:
                 "question",
                 pa.array(
                     [
-                        "Respond with right, left, forward, backward, open, or close to put the trash in your hand in the right bin"
-                    ]
+                        "Respond with right, left, forward, backward, open, or close to put the trash in your hand in the right bin",
+                    ],
                 ),
             )
             node.send_output("gripper_action", pa.array([100]))
diff --git a/examples/so100/bus.py b/examples/so100/bus.py
index 2b231615..569ca9d2 100644
--- a/examples/so100/bus.py
+++ b/examples/so100/bus.py
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 import enum
-
-import pyarrow as pa
-
 from typing import Union
 
+import pyarrow as pa
 from scservo_sdk import (
-    PacketHandler,
-    PortHandler,
     COMM_SUCCESS,
+    SCS_HIBYTE,
+    SCS_HIWORD,
+    SCS_LOBYTE,
+    SCS_LOWORD,
     GroupSyncRead,
     GroupSyncWrite,
+    PacketHandler,
+    PortHandler,
 )
-from scservo_sdk import SCS_HIBYTE, SCS_HIWORD, SCS_LOBYTE, SCS_LOWORD
 
 PROTOCOL_VERSION = 0
 BAUD_RATE = 1_000_000
@@ -93,13 +94,12 @@ MODEL_CONTROL_TABLE = {
 class FeetechBus:
 
     def __init__(self, port: str, description: dict[str, (np.uint8, str)]):
-        """
-        Args:
-            port: the serial port to connect to the Feetech bus
-            description: a dictionary containing the description of the motors connected to the bus. The keys are the
-            motor names and the values are tuples containing the motor id and the motor model.
-        """
+        """Args:
+        port: the serial port to connect to the Feetech bus
+        description: a dictionary containing the description of the motors connected to the bus. The keys are the
+        motor names and the values are tuples containing the motor id and the motor model.
 
+        """
         self.port = port
         self.descriptions = description
         self.motor_ctrl = {}
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class FeetechBus:
             else:
                 raise NotImplementedError(
                     f"Value of the number of bytes to be sent is expected to be in [1, 2, 4], but {packet_bytes_size} "
-                    f"is provided instead."
+                    f"is provided instead.",
                 )
 
             if init_group:
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ class FeetechBus:
         if comm != COMM_SUCCESS:
             raise ConnectionError(
                 f"Write failed due to communication error on port {self.port} for group_key {group_key}: "
-                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}"
+                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}",
             )
 
     def read(self, data_name: str, motor_names: pa.Array) -> pa.StructArray:
@@ -225,13 +225,13 @@ class FeetechBus:
         if comm != COMM_SUCCESS:
             raise ConnectionError(
                 f"Read failed due to communication error on port {self.port} for group_key {group_key}: "
-                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}"
+                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}",
             )
 
         values = pa.array(
             [
                 self.group_readers[group_key].getData(
-                    idx, packet_address, packet_bytes_size
+                    idx, packet_address, packet_bytes_size,
                 )
                 for idx in motor_ids
             ],
diff --git a/examples/so100/configure.py b/examples/so100/configure.py
index 40b998d5..b99848bc 100644
--- a/examples/so100/configure.py
+++ b/examples/so100/configure.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-"""
-SO100 Auto Configure: This program is used to automatically configure the SO-ARM100 (SO100) for the user.
+"""SO100 Auto Configure: This program is used to automatically configure the SO-ARM100 (SO100) for the user.
 
 The program will:
 1. Disable all torque motors of provided SO100.
@@ -14,20 +13,17 @@ It will also enable all appropriate operating modes for the SO100.
 """
 
 import argparse
-import time
 import json
+import time
 
 import pyarrow as pa
-
-from bus import FeetechBus, TorqueMode, OperatingMode
-from pwm_position_control.transform import pwm_to_logical_arrow, wrap_joints_and_values
-
+from bus import FeetechBus, OperatingMode, TorqueMode
+from pwm_position_control.functions import construct_control_table
 from pwm_position_control.tables import (
     construct_logical_to_pwm_conversion_table_arrow,
     construct_pwm_to_logical_conversion_table_arrow,
 )
-
-from pwm_position_control.functions import construct_control_table
+from pwm_position_control.transform import pwm_to_logical_arrow, wrap_joints_and_values
 
 FULL_ARM = pa.array(
     [
@@ -50,35 +46,42 @@ GRIPPER = pa.array(["gripper"], type=pa.string())
 
 
 def pause():
+    """Pause execution and wait for user input."""
     input("Press Enter to continue...")
 
 
 def configure_servos(bus: FeetechBus):
+    """Configure the servos with default settings.
+
+    Args:
+        bus: The FeetechBus instance to configure.
+    """
     bus.write_torque_enable(
-        wrap_joints_and_values(FULL_ARM, [TorqueMode.DISABLED.value] * 6)
+        wrap_joints_and_values(FULL_ARM, [TorqueMode.DISABLED.value] * 6),
     )
 
     bus.write_operating_mode(
-        wrap_joints_and_values(FULL_ARM, [OperatingMode.ONE_TURN.value] * 6)
+        wrap_joints_and_values(FULL_ARM, [OperatingMode.ONE_TURN.value] * 6),
     )
 
     bus.write_max_angle_limit(
-        wrap_joints_and_values(FULL_ARM, [pa.scalar(0, pa.uint32())] * 6)
+        wrap_joints_and_values(FULL_ARM, [pa.scalar(0, pa.uint32())] * 6),
     )
 
     bus.write_min_angle_limit(
-        wrap_joints_and_values(FULL_ARM, [pa.scalar(0, pa.uint32())] * 6)
+        wrap_joints_and_values(FULL_ARM, [pa.scalar(0, pa.uint32())] * 6),
     )
 
 
 def main():
+    """Main function to run the servo configuration process."""
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="SO100 Auto Configure: This program is used to automatically configure the Low Cost Robot (SO100) "
-        "for the user."
+        "for the user.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--port", type=str, required=True, help="The port of the SO100."
+        "--port", type=str, required=True, help="The port of the SO100.",
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--right",
@@ -130,10 +133,10 @@ def main():
     pwm_positions = (pwm_position_1, pwm_position_2)
 
     pwm_to_logical_conversion_table = construct_pwm_to_logical_conversion_table_arrow(
-        pwm_positions, targets
+        pwm_positions, targets,
     )
     logical_to_pwm_conversion_table = construct_logical_to_pwm_conversion_table_arrow(
-        pwm_positions, targets
+        pwm_positions, targets,
     )
 
     control_table_json = {}
@@ -149,7 +152,7 @@ def main():
     left = "left" if args.left else "right"
     path = (
         input(
-            f"Please enter the path of the configuration file (default is ./examples/so100/configs/follower.{left}.json): "
+            f"Please enter the path of the configuration file (default is ./examples/so100/configs/follower.{left}.json): ",
         )
         or f"./examples/so100/configs/follower.{left}.json"
     )
@@ -158,21 +161,21 @@ def main():
         json.dump(control_table_json, file)
 
     control_table = construct_control_table(
-        pwm_to_logical_conversion_table, logical_to_pwm_conversion_table
+        pwm_to_logical_conversion_table, logical_to_pwm_conversion_table,
     )
 
     while True:
         try:
             pwm_position = arm.read_position(FULL_ARM)
             logical_position = pwm_to_logical_arrow(
-                pwm_position, control_table, ranged=True
+                pwm_position, control_table, ranged=True,
             ).field("values")
 
             print(f"Logical Position: {logical_position}")
 
         except ConnectionError:
             print(
-                "Connection error occurred. Please check the connection and try again."
+                "Connection error occurred. Please check the connection and try again.",
             )
 
         time.sleep(0.5)
diff --git a/examples/so100/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_so100.py b/examples/so100/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_so100.py
index c007bea7..c200cc7f 100644
--- a/examples/so100/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_so100.py
+++ b/examples/so100/nodes/interpolate_lcr_to_so100.py
@@ -1,25 +1,24 @@
-import os
 import argparse
 import json
+import os
 
 import pyarrow as pa
 import pyarrow.compute as pc
-
 from dora import Node
-
+from pwm_position_control.load import load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables
 from pwm_position_control.transform import (
-    wrap_joints_and_values,
-    pwm_to_logical_arrow,
     logical_to_pwm_with_offset_arrow,
+    pwm_to_logical_arrow,
+    wrap_joints_and_values,
 )
-from pwm_position_control.load import load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables
 
 
 def main():
+    """Main function to handle interpolation between LCR and SO100 robot configurations."""
     # Handle dynamic nodes, ask for the name of the node in the dataflow
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Interpolation LCR Node: This Dora node is used to calculates appropriate goal positions for the "
-        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position."
+        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -48,19 +47,19 @@ def main():
     if not os.environ.get("LEADER_CONTROL") and args.leader_control is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The leader control is not set. Please set the configuration of the leader in the environment variables or "
-            "as an argument."
+            "as an argument.",
         )
 
     if not os.environ.get("FOLLOWER_CONTROL") and args.follower_control is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The follower control is not set. Please set the configuration of the follower in the environment "
-            "variables or as an argument."
+            "variables or as an argument.",
         )
 
     with open(
         os.environ.get("LEADER_CONTROL")
         if args.leader_control is None
-        else args.leader_control
+        else args.leader_control,
     ) as file:
         leader_control = json.load(file)
         load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables(leader_control, leader_control)
@@ -68,11 +67,11 @@ def main():
     with open(
         os.environ.get("FOLLOWER_CONTROL")
         if args.follower_control is None
-        else args.follower_control
+        else args.follower_control,
     ) as file:
         follower_control = json.load(file)
         load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables(
-            follower_control, follower_control
+            follower_control, follower_control,
         )
 
     initial_mask = [
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ def main():
                 )
 
                 pwm_goal = logical_to_pwm_with_offset_arrow(
-                    follower_position, logical_goal, follower_control
+                    follower_position, logical_goal, follower_control,
                 )
 
                 node.send_output("follower_goal", pwm_goal, event["metadata"])
diff --git a/examples/so100/nodes/interpolate_lcr_x_so100_to_record.py b/examples/so100/nodes/interpolate_lcr_x_so100_to_record.py
index ce3d43d9..540c13d8 100644
--- a/examples/so100/nodes/interpolate_lcr_x_so100_to_record.py
+++ b/examples/so100/nodes/interpolate_lcr_x_so100_to_record.py
@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
-import os
 import argparse
 import json
+import os
 
 import pyarrow as pa
 import pyarrow.compute as pc
-
 from dora import Node
-
 from pwm_position_control.load import load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables
 from pwm_position_control.transform import (
-    wrap_joints_and_values,
     pwm_to_logical_arrow,
+    wrap_joints_and_values,
 )
 
 
 def main():
+    """Main function to handle interpolation and recording between LCR and SO100 robot configurations."""
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Interpolation LCR Node: This Dora node is used to calculates appropriate goal positions for the "
-        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position."
+        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -45,19 +44,19 @@ def main():
     if not os.environ.get("LEADER_CONTROL") and args.leader_control is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The leader control is not set. Please set the configuration of the leader in the environment variables or "
-            "as an argument."
+            "as an argument.",
         )
 
     if not os.environ.get("FOLLOWER_CONTROL") and args.follower_control is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The follower control is not set. Please set the configuration of the follower in the environment "
-            "variables or as an argument."
+            "variables or as an argument.",
         )
 
     with open(
         os.environ.get("LEADER_CONTROL")
         if args.leader_control is None
-        else args.leader_control
+        else args.leader_control,
     ) as file:
         leader_control = json.load(file)
         load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables(leader_control, leader_control)
@@ -65,11 +64,11 @@ def main():
     with open(
         os.environ.get("FOLLOWER_CONTROL")
         if args.follower_control is None
-        else args.follower_control
+        else args.follower_control,
     ) as file:
         follower_control = json.load(file)
         load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables(
-            follower_control, follower_control
+            follower_control, follower_control,
         )
 
     node = Node(args.name)
@@ -98,11 +97,11 @@ def main():
                 follower_position = event["value"]
 
                 follower_position = pwm_to_logical_arrow(
-                    follower_position, follower_control
+                    follower_position, follower_control,
                 )
 
                 node.send_output(
-                    "logical_position", follower_position, event["metadata"]
+                    "logical_position", follower_position, event["metadata"],
                 )
 
         elif event_type == "ERROR":
diff --git a/examples/so100/nodes/interpolate_replay_to_so100.py b/examples/so100/nodes/interpolate_replay_to_so100.py
index c4967aab..3621cde5 100644
--- a/examples/so100/nodes/interpolate_replay_to_so100.py
+++ b/examples/so100/nodes/interpolate_replay_to_so100.py
@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
-import os
 import argparse
 import json
-
-import pyarrow as pa
+import os
 
 from dora import Node
-
 from pwm_position_control.load import load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables
 from pwm_position_control.transform import logical_to_pwm_with_offset_arrow
 
 
 def main():
+    """Main function to handle replay interpolation for SO100 robot configurations."""
     # Handle dynamic nodes, ask for the name of the node in the dataflow
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Interpolation LCR Node: This Dora node is used to calculates appropriate goal positions for the "
-        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position."
+        "LCR followers knowing a Leader position and Follower position.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -36,17 +34,17 @@ def main():
     if not os.environ.get("FOLLOWER_CONTROL") and args.follower_control is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The follower control is not set. Please set the configuration of the follower in the environment "
-            "variables or as an argument."
+            "variables or as an argument.",
         )
 
     with open(
         os.environ.get("FOLLOWER_CONTROL")
         if args.follower_control is None
-        else args.follower_control
+        else args.follower_control,
     ) as file:
         follower_control = json.load(file)
         load_control_table_from_json_conversion_tables(
-            follower_control, follower_control
+            follower_control, follower_control,
         )
 
     node = Node(args.name)
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ def main():
                     continue
 
                 physical_goal = logical_to_pwm_with_offset_arrow(
-                    follower_position, leader_position, follower_control
+                    follower_position, leader_position, follower_control,
                 )
 
                 node.send_output("follower_goal", physical_goal, event["metadata"])
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-distil-whisper/dora_distil_whisper/main.py b/node-hub/dora-distil-whisper/dora_distil_whisper/main.py
index d25d8322..fba4f250 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-distil-whisper/dora_distil_whisper/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-distil-whisper/dora_distil_whisper/main.py
@@ -239,5 +239,5 @@ def main():
                 if text.strip() == "" or text.strip() == ".":
                     continue
                 node.send_output(
-                    "text", pa.array([text]), {"language": TARGET_LANGUAGE}
+                    "text", pa.array([text]), {"language": TARGET_LANGUAGE},
                 )
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-llama-cpp-python/dora_llama_cpp_python/__main__.py b/node-hub/dora-llama-cpp-python/dora_llama_cpp_python/__main__.py
index 7bc8a1f1..51a1554d 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-llama-cpp-python/dora_llama_cpp_python/__main__.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-llama-cpp-python/dora_llama_cpp_python/__main__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@
 
 from .main import main
 
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-llama-cpp-python/dora_llama_cpp_python/main.py b/node-hub/dora-llama-cpp-python/dora_llama_cpp_python/main.py
index ec9c888d..1acff6c0 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-llama-cpp-python/dora_llama_cpp_python/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-llama-cpp-python/dora_llama_cpp_python/main.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 """TODO: Add docstring."""
 
+import logging
 import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
 import pyarrow as pa
 from dora import Node
-from pathlib import Path
-import logging
 
 # Configure logging
 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ CONTEXT_SIZE = int(os.getenv("CONTEXT_SIZE", "4096"))
 def get_model():
     """Load a GGUF model using llama-cpp-python with optional GPU acceleration."""
     from llama_cpp import Llama
-    
+
     try:
         # Check if path exists locally
         model_path = Path(MODEL_NAME_OR_PATH)
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ def get_model():
                 n_gpu_layers=N_GPU_LAYERS,
                 n_ctx=CONTEXT_SIZE,
                 n_threads=N_THREADS,
-                verbose=False
+                verbose=False,
             )
         else:
             # Load from HuggingFace
@@ -46,14 +47,14 @@ def get_model():
                 n_gpu_layers=N_GPU_LAYERS,
                 n_ctx=CONTEXT_SIZE,
                 n_threads=N_THREADS,
-                verbose=False
+                verbose=False,
             )
-        
+
         logging.info("Model loaded successfully")
         return llm
-    
+
     except Exception as e:
-        logging.error(f"Error loading model: {e}")
+        logging.exception(f"Error loading model: {e}")
         raise
 
 
@@ -79,9 +80,9 @@ def main():
                     max_tokens=MAX_TOKENS,
                     stop=["Q:", "\n"],
                 )["choices"][0]["text"]
-                
+
                 node.send_output(
-                    output_id="text", data=pa.array([response]), metadata={}
+                    output_id="text", data=pa.array([response]), metadata={},
                 )
 
 
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-magma/dora_magma/__init__.py b/node-hub/dora-magma/dora_magma/__init__.py
index 0934c04c..740d94fc 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-magma/dora_magma/__init__.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-magma/dora_magma/__init__.py
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ except FileNotFoundError:
 
 
 submodule_path = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "Magma"
-sys.path.insert(0, str(submodule_path))
\ No newline at end of file
+sys.path.insert(0, str(submodule_path))
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-magma/dora_magma/main.py b/node-hub/dora-magma/dora_magma/main.py
index 5d50c151..66b98cd4 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-magma/dora_magma/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-magma/dora_magma/main.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def load_magma_models():
         DEFAULT_PATH = str(magma_dir.parent)
         if not os.path.exists(DEFAULT_PATH):
             logger.warning(
-                "Warning: Magma submodule not found, falling back to HuggingFace version"
+                "Warning: Magma submodule not found, falling back to HuggingFace version",
             )
             DEFAULT_PATH = "microsoft/Magma-8B"
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def load_magma_models():
             device_map="auto",
         )
         processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(
-            MODEL_NAME_OR_PATH, trust_remote_code=True
+            MODEL_NAME_OR_PATH, trust_remote_code=True,
         )
     except Exception as e:
         logger.error(f"Failed to load model: {e}")
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def generate(
     ]
 
     prompt = processor.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
-        convs, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True
+        convs, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True,
     )
 
     try:
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ def generate(
 
             # Parse the trajectories using the same approach as in `https://github.com/microsoft/Magma/blob/main/agents/robot_traj/app.py`
             traces_dict = ast.literal_eval(
-                "{" + traces_str.strip().replace("\n\n", ",") + "}"
+                "{" + traces_str.strip().replace("\n\n", ",") + "}",
             )
             for mark_id, trace in traces_dict.items():
                 trajectories[mark_id] = ast.literal_eval(trace)
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def main():
                         frame = cv2.imdecode(storage, cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
                         if frame is None:
                             raise ValueError(
-                                f"Failed to decode image with encoding {encoding}"
+                                f"Failed to decode image with encoding {encoding}",
                             )
                         frame = frame[:, :, ::-1]  # Convert BGR to RGB
                     else:
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ def main():
                     image = frames[image_id]
                     response, trajectories = generate(image, task_description)
                     node.send_output(
-                        "text", pa.array([response]), {"image_id": image_id}
+                        "text", pa.array([response]), {"image_id": image_id},
                     )
 
                     # Send trajectory data if available
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-magma/tests/test_magma_node.py b/node-hub/dora-magma/tests/test_magma_node.py
index 7de0ede9..28cc7ca7 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-magma/tests/test_magma_node.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-magma/tests/test_magma_node.py
@@ -3,4 +3,4 @@
 
 def test_import_main():
     """TODO: Add docstring."""
-    pass  # Model is too big for the CI/CD
+    # Model is too big for the CI/CD
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-openai-server/tests/test_dora_openai_server.py b/node-hub/dora-openai-server/tests/test_dora_openai_server.py
index 47f02427..18cfb6cd 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-openai-server/tests/test_dora_openai_server.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-openai-server/tests/test_dora_openai_server.py
@@ -2,4 +2,3 @@
 
 def test_import_main():
     """TODO: Add docstring."""
-    pass
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-outtetts/dora_outtetts/tests/test_main.py b/node-hub/dora-outtetts/dora_outtetts/tests/test_main.py
index 45bf6183..ca1c6dd0 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-outtetts/dora_outtetts/tests/test_main.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-outtetts/dora_outtetts/tests/test_main.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import os
 
 import pytest
+
 from dora_outtetts.main import load_interface, main
 
 CI = os.getenv("CI", "false") in ["True", "true"]
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-phi4/dora_phi4/main.py b/node-hub/dora-phi4/dora_phi4/main.py
index 8932a48f..22a6c5d0 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-phi4/dora_phi4/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-phi4/dora_phi4/main.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ else:
 MODEL_PATH = "microsoft/Phi-4-multimodal-instruct"
 
 processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(
-    MODEL_PATH, trust_remote_code=True, use_fast=True
+    MODEL_PATH, trust_remote_code=True, use_fast=True,
 )
 
 # Define model config
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ MODEL_CONFIG = {
 
 # Infer device map without full initialization
 device_map = infer_auto_device_map(
-    AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(MODEL_PATH, **MODEL_CONFIG)
+    AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(MODEL_PATH, **MODEL_CONFIG),
 )
 
 # Load the model directly with the inferred device map
 model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
-    MODEL_PATH, **MODEL_CONFIG, device_map=device_map
+    MODEL_PATH, **MODEL_CONFIG, device_map=device_map,
 )
 
 generation_config = GenerationConfig.from_pretrained(MODEL_PATH)
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-reachy1/dora_reachy1/main.py b/node-hub/dora-reachy1/dora_reachy1/main.py
index f13129be..ad4355b3 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-reachy1/dora_reachy1/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-reachy1/dora_reachy1/main.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def r_arm_inverse_kinematics(reachy, pose, action) -> list:
             [0, 1, 0, pose[1] + action[1]],
             [1, 0, 0, pose[2] + action[2]],
             [0, 0, 0, 1],
-        ]
+        ],
     )
     return reachy.r_arm.inverse_kinematics(A)
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def main():
     default_pose = r_arm_inverse_kinematics(reachy, r_arm_pose, [0, 0, 0])
 
     goto(
-        {joint: pos for joint, pos in zip(reachy.r_arm.joints.values(), default_pose)},
+        {joint: pos for joint, pos in zip(reachy.r_arm.joints.values(), default_pose, strict=False)},
         duration=3,
     )
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def main():
             goto(
                 {
                     joint: pos
-                    for joint, pos in zip(reachy.r_arm.joints.values(), joint_pose)
+                    for joint, pos in zip(reachy.r_arm.joints.values(), joint_pose, strict=False)
                 },
                 duration=0.200,
             )
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ def main():
                     {
                         joint: pos
                         for joint, pos in zip(
-                            reachy.r_arm.joints.values(), default_pose
+                            reachy.r_arm.joints.values(), default_pose, strict=False,
                         )
                     },
                     duration=3,
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-reachy1/dora_reachy1_vision/main.py b/node-hub/dora-reachy1/dora_reachy1_vision/main.py
index 1ab20b21..1c087826 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-reachy1/dora_reachy1_vision/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-reachy1/dora_reachy1_vision/main.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 """TODO: Add docstring."""
 
-from reachy_sdk import ReachySDK
 import os
-from dora import Node
+
 import pyarrow as pa
+from dora import Node
+from reachy_sdk import ReachySDK
 
 
 def main():
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-reachy1/tests/test_dora_reachy1.py b/node-hub/dora-reachy1/tests/test_dora_reachy1.py
index 02a19b80..470cc4fc 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-reachy1/tests/test_dora_reachy1.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-reachy1/tests/test_dora_reachy1.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 def test_pass():
     """TODO: Add docstring."""
-    pass
 
 
 # def test_import_main():
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-reachy2/tests/test_dora_reachy2.py b/node-hub/dora-reachy2/tests/test_dora_reachy2.py
index 7a6d8fa4..824f256f 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-reachy2/tests/test_dora_reachy2.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-reachy2/tests/test_dora_reachy2.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 def test_pass():
     """TODO: Add docstring."""
-    pass
 
 
 # def test_import_camera_main():
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-transformers/dora_transformers/__init__.py b/node-hub/dora-transformers/dora_transformers/__init__.py
index 0d05dafb..79cbf370 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-transformers/dora_transformers/__init__.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-transformers/dora_transformers/__init__.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ readme_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)), "README.m
 
 # Read the content of the README file
 try:
-    with open(readme_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+    with open(readme_path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
         __doc__ = f.read()
 except FileNotFoundError:
     __doc__ = "README file not found."
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-transformers/dora_transformers/__main__.py b/node-hub/dora-transformers/dora_transformers/__main__.py
index 7bc8a1f1..51a1554d 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-transformers/dora_transformers/__main__.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-transformers/dora_transformers/__main__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,5 @@
 
 from .main import main
 
-
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/node-hub/dora-transformers/dora_transformers/main.py b/node-hub/dora-transformers/dora_transformers/main.py
index f963b5cb..18323e78 100644
--- a/node-hub/dora-transformers/dora_transformers/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/dora-transformers/dora_transformers/main.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 """TODO: Add docstring."""
 
+import logging
 import os
+
 import pyarrow as pa
+import torch
 from dora import Node
 from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
-import logging
-import torch
 
 # Configure logging
 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
@@ -34,23 +35,23 @@ ACTIVATION_WORDS = os.getenv("ACTIVATION_WORDS", "what how who where you").split
 def load_model():
     """Load the transformer model and tokenizer."""
     logging.info(f"Loading model {MODEL_NAME} on {DEVICE}")
-    
+
     # Memory efficient loading
     model_kwargs = {
         "torch_dtype": TORCH_DTYPE,
         "device_map": DEVICE,
     }
-    
+
     if ENABLE_MEMORY_EFFICIENT and DEVICE == "cuda":
         model_kwargs.update({
             "low_cpu_mem_usage": True,
             "offload_folder": "offload",
-            "load_in_8bit": True
+            "load_in_8bit": True,
         })
-    
+
     model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
         MODEL_NAME,
-        **model_kwargs
+        **model_kwargs,
     )
     tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(MODEL_NAME)
     logging.info("Model loaded successfully")
@@ -61,37 +62,37 @@ def load_model():
 def generate_response(model, tokenizer, text: str, history) -> tuple[str, list]:
     """Generate text using the transformer model."""
     history += [{"role": "user", "content": text}]
-    
+
     prompt = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
-        history, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True
+        history, tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True,
     )
-    
+
     model_inputs = tokenizer([prompt], return_tensors="pt").to(DEVICE)
-    
+
     with torch.inference_mode():
         generated_ids = model.generate(
-            **model_inputs, 
+            **model_inputs,
             max_new_tokens=MAX_TOKENS,
             pad_token_id=tokenizer.pad_token_id,
             do_sample=True,
             temperature=0.7,
-            top_p=0.9,         
+            top_p=0.9,
             repetition_penalty=1.2,
             length_penalty=0.5,
         )
-    
+
     generated_ids = [
         output_ids[len(input_ids):]
         for input_ids, output_ids in zip(model_inputs.input_ids, generated_ids)
     ]
-    
+
     response = tokenizer.batch_decode(generated_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)[0]
     history += [{"role": "assistant", "content": response}]
-    
+
     # Clear CUDA cache after successful generation if enabled
     if ENABLE_MEMORY_EFFICIENT and DEVICE == "cuda":
         torch.cuda.empty_cache()
-        
+
     return response, history
 
 def main():
@@ -111,11 +112,11 @@ def main():
                 logging.info(f"Processing input: {text}")
                 response, history = generate_response(model, tokenizer, text, history)
                 logging.info(f"Generated response: {response}")
-                
+
                 node.send_output(
-                    output_id="text", 
-                    data=pa.array([response]), 
-                    metadata={}
+                    output_id="text",
+                    data=pa.array([response]),
+                    metadata={},
                 )
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/node-hub/dynamixel-client/dynamixel_client/bus.py b/node-hub/dynamixel-client/dynamixel_client/bus.py
index a1d7f167..6809f4e7 100644
--- a/node-hub/dynamixel-client/dynamixel_client/bus.py
+++ b/node-hub/dynamixel-client/dynamixel_client/bus.py
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 """TODO: Add docstring."""
 
 import enum
-
-import pyarrow as pa
-
 from typing import Union
 
+import pyarrow as pa
 from dynamixel_sdk import (
-    PacketHandler,
-    PortHandler,
     COMM_SUCCESS,
+    DXL_HIBYTE,
+    DXL_HIWORD,
+    DXL_LOBYTE,
+    DXL_LOWORD,
     GroupSyncRead,
     GroupSyncWrite,
+    PacketHandler,
+    PortHandler,
 )
-from dynamixel_sdk import DXL_HIBYTE, DXL_HIWORD, DXL_LOBYTE, DXL_LOWORD
 
 PROTOCOL_VERSION = 2.0
 BAUD_RATE = 1_000_000
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ def wrap_joints_and_values(
         mask = values.is_null()
 
     return pa.StructArray.from_arrays(
-        arrays=[joints, values], names=["joints", "values"], mask=mask
+        arrays=[joints, values], names=["joints", "values"], mask=mask,
     ).drop_null()
 
 
@@ -248,7 +249,7 @@ class DynamixelBus:
             else:
                 raise NotImplementedError(
                     f"Value of the number of bytes to be sent is expected to be in [1, 2, 4], but {packet_bytes_size} "
-                    f"is provided instead."
+                    f"is provided instead.",
                 )
 
             if init_group:
@@ -260,7 +261,7 @@ class DynamixelBus:
         if comm != COMM_SUCCESS:
             raise ConnectionError(
                 f"Write failed due to communication error on port {self.port} for group_key {group_key}: "
-                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}"
+                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}",
             )
 
     def read(self, data_name: str, motor_names: pa.Array) -> pa.StructArray:
@@ -291,13 +292,13 @@ class DynamixelBus:
         if comm != COMM_SUCCESS:
             raise ConnectionError(
                 f"Read failed due to communication error on port {self.port} for group_key {group_key}: "
-                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}"
+                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}",
             )
 
         values = pa.array(
             [
                 self.group_readers[group_key].getData(
-                    idx, packet_address, packet_bytes_size
+                    idx, packet_address, packet_bytes_size,
                 )
                 for idx in motor_ids
             ],
diff --git a/node-hub/dynamixel-client/dynamixel_client/main.py b/node-hub/dynamixel-client/dynamixel_client/main.py
index c54c1b22..fae0c375 100644
--- a/node-hub/dynamixel-client/dynamixel_client/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/dynamixel-client/dynamixel_client/main.py
@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@
 It can be used to read positions, velocities, currents, and set goal positions and currents.
 """
 
-import os
-import time
 import argparse
 import json
+import os
+import time
 
 import pyarrow as pa
-
 from dora import Node
 
 from .bus import DynamixelBus, TorqueMode, wrap_joints_and_values
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ class Client:
             wrap_joints_and_values(
                 self.config["joints"],
                 [TorqueMode.DISABLED.value] * len(self.config["joints"]),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
     def pull_position(self, node, metadata):
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ def main():
     """Handle dynamic nodes, ask for the name of the node in the dataflow."""
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Dynamixel Client: This node is used to represent a chain of dynamixel motors. It can be used to "
-        "read positions, velocities, currents, and set goal positions and currents."
+        "read positions, velocities, currents, and set goal positions and currents.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -162,7 +161,7 @@ def main():
     if not os.environ.get("PORT") and args.port is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The port is not set. Please set the port of the dynamixel motors in the environment variables or as an "
-            "argument."
+            "argument.",
         )
 
     port = os.environ.get("PORT") if args.port is None else args.port
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ def main():
     if not os.environ.get("CONFIG") and args.config is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The configuration is not set. Please set the configuration of the dynamixel motors in the environment "
-            "variables or as an argument."
+            "variables or as an argument.",
         )
 
     with open(os.environ.get("CONFIG") if args.config is None else args.config) as file:
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@ def main():
         "goal_current": wrap_joints_and_values(
             pa.array(config.keys(), pa.string()),
             pa.array(
-                [config[joint]["goal_current"] for joint in joints], type=pa.uint32()
+                [config[joint]["goal_current"] for joint in joints], type=pa.uint32(),
             ),
         ),
         "P": wrap_joints_and_values(
diff --git a/node-hub/dynamixel-client/tests/test_dynamixel_client.py b/node-hub/dynamixel-client/tests/test_dynamixel_client.py
index 7b8b9b4c..09b067cf 100644
--- a/node-hub/dynamixel-client/tests/test_dynamixel_client.py
+++ b/node-hub/dynamixel-client/tests/test_dynamixel_client.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 def test_pass():
     """TODO: Add docstring."""
-    pass
 
 
 # def test_import_main():
diff --git a/node-hub/feetech-client/feetech_client/__init__.py b/node-hub/feetech-client/feetech_client/__init__.py
index b8973a5a..a9cca0f7 100644
--- a/node-hub/feetech-client/feetech_client/__init__.py
+++ b/node-hub/feetech-client/feetech_client/__init__.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-"""TODO: Add docstring."""
\ No newline at end of file
+"""TODO: Add docstring."""
diff --git a/node-hub/feetech-client/feetech_client/bus.py b/node-hub/feetech-client/feetech_client/bus.py
index bca6030a..6e42d4db 100644
--- a/node-hub/feetech-client/feetech_client/bus.py
+++ b/node-hub/feetech-client/feetech_client/bus.py
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class FeetechBus:
             else:
                 raise NotImplementedError(
                     f"Value of the number of bytes to be sent is expected to be in [1, 2, 4], but {packet_bytes_size} "
-                    f"is provided instead."
+                    f"is provided instead.",
                 )
 
             if init_group:
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class FeetechBus:
         if comm != COMM_SUCCESS:
             raise ConnectionError(
                 f"Write failed due to communication error on port {self.port} for group_key {group_key}: "
-                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}"
+                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}",
             )
 
     def read(self, data_name: str, motor_names: pa.Array) -> pa.StructArray:
@@ -237,13 +237,13 @@ class FeetechBus:
         if comm != COMM_SUCCESS:
             raise ConnectionError(
                 f"Read failed due to communication error on port {self.port} for group_key {group_key}: "
-                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}"
+                f"{self.packet_handler.getTxRxResult(comm)}",
             )
 
         values = pa.array(
             [
                 self.group_readers[group_key].getData(
-                    idx, packet_address, packet_bytes_size
+                    idx, packet_address, packet_bytes_size,
                 )
                 for idx in motor_ids
             ],
diff --git a/node-hub/feetech-client/feetech_client/main.py b/node-hub/feetech-client/feetech_client/main.py
index c1f26d60..14203334 100644
--- a/node-hub/feetech-client/feetech_client/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/feetech-client/feetech_client/main.py
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 """Feetech Client: This node is used to represent a chain of feetech motors. It can be used to read positions, velocities, currents, and set goal positions and currents."""
 
-import os
 import argparse
 import json
+import os
 
 import pyarrow as pa
-
 from dora import Node
 
 from .bus import FeetechBus, TorqueMode, wrap_joints_and_values
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ class Client:
             wrap_joints_and_values(
                 self.config["joints"],
                 [TorqueMode.DISABLED.value] * len(self.config["joints"]),
-            )
+            ),
         )
 
     def pull_position(self, node, metadata):
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@ def main():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="Feetech Client: This node is used to represent a chain of feetech motors. "
         "It can be used to read "
-        "positions, velocities, currents, and set goal positions and currents."
+        "positions, velocities, currents, and set goal positions and currents.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ def main():
     if not os.environ.get("PORT") and args.port is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The port is not set. Please set the port of the feetech motors in the environment variables or as an "
-            "argument."
+            "argument.",
         )
 
     port = os.environ.get("PORT") if args.port is None else args.port
@@ -149,7 +148,7 @@ def main():
     if not os.environ.get("CONFIG") and args.config is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The configuration is not set. Please set the configuration of the feetech motors in the environment "
-            "variables or as an argument."
+            "variables or as an argument.",
         )
 
     with open(os.environ.get("CONFIG") if args.config is None else args.config) as file:
diff --git a/node-hub/feetech-client/tests/test_feetech_client.py b/node-hub/feetech-client/tests/test_feetech_client.py
index b57c9bbb..de98f7e7 100644
--- a/node-hub/feetech-client/tests/test_feetech_client.py
+++ b/node-hub/feetech-client/tests/test_feetech_client.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 def test_pass():
     """TODO: Add docstring."""
-    pass
 
 
 # def test_import_main():
diff --git a/node-hub/lebai-client/lebai_client/main.py b/node-hub/lebai-client/lebai_client/main.py
index e66b3e78..4c692a7f 100644
--- a/node-hub/lebai-client/lebai_client/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/lebai-client/lebai_client/main.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 """TODO: Add docstring."""
-import lebai_sdk
-import numpy as np
-from dora import Node
 import json
 import os
 import time
 
+import lebai_sdk
+import numpy as np
+from dora import Node
+
 
 def load_json_file(file_path):
     """Load JSON file and return the dictionary."""
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ SAVED_POSE_PATH = "pose_library.json"
 
 lebai_sdk.init()
 ROBOT_IP = os.getenv(
-    "LEBAI_IP", "10.42.0.253"
+    "LEBAI_IP", "10.42.0.253",
 )  # 设定机器人ip地址，需要根据机器人实际ip地址修改
 
 
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ def main():
                         "duration": time.time() - start_time,
                         "joint_position": joint_position,
                         "t": t * 2 if t == 0.1 else t,
-                    }
+                    },
                 ]
                 start_time = time.time()
 
diff --git a/node-hub/lebai-client/test/test.py b/node-hub/lebai-client/test/test.py
index 0239ff15..8937d413 100644
--- a/node-hub/lebai-client/test/test.py
+++ b/node-hub/lebai-client/test/test.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 """TODO: Add docstring."""
 import lebai_sdk
 
-
 lebai_sdk.init()
 
 
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ def main():
     r = 0  # 交融半径 (m)。用于指定路径的平滑效果
 
     lebai.movel(
-        cartesian_pose, a, v, t, r
+        cartesian_pose, a, v, t, r,
     )  # 直线运动 https://help.lebai.ltd/sdk/motion.html#%E7%9B%B4%E7%BA%BF%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8
     lebai.wait_move()  # 等待运动完成
     # scene_number = "10000" #需要调用的场景编号
diff --git a/node-hub/lebai-client/tests/test_lebai_client.py b/node-hub/lebai-client/tests/test_lebai_client.py
index 6bb9c958..a507997b 100644
--- a/node-hub/lebai-client/tests/test_lebai_client.py
+++ b/node-hub/lebai-client/tests/test_lebai_client.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 def test_pass():
     """TODO: Add docstring."""
-    pass
 
 
 # def test_import_main():
diff --git a/node-hub/lerobot-dashboard/lerobot_dashboard/__init__.py b/node-hub/lerobot-dashboard/lerobot_dashboard/__init__.py
index b8973a5a..a9cca0f7 100644
--- a/node-hub/lerobot-dashboard/lerobot_dashboard/__init__.py
+++ b/node-hub/lerobot-dashboard/lerobot_dashboard/__init__.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-"""TODO: Add docstring."""
\ No newline at end of file
+"""TODO: Add docstring."""
diff --git a/node-hub/lerobot-dashboard/lerobot_dashboard/main.py b/node-hub/lerobot-dashboard/lerobot_dashboard/main.py
index 1856bb97..2ddd742f 100644
--- a/node-hub/lerobot-dashboard/lerobot_dashboard/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/lerobot-dashboard/lerobot_dashboard/main.py
@@ -1,19 +1,17 @@
 """Following Dora node is a minimalistic interface that shows two images and text in a Pygame window."""
 
-import os
 import argparse
-
-import pygame
+import os
 
 import pyarrow as pa
-
+import pygame
 from dora import Node
 
 
 def main():
     """Handle dynamic nodes, ask for the name of the node in the dataflow."""
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="LeRobot Record: This node is used to record episodes of a robot interacting with the environment."
+        description="LeRobot Record: This node is used to record episodes of a robot interacting with the environment.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -66,7 +64,7 @@ def main():
         if event_type == "STOP":
             break
 
-        elif event_type == "INPUT":
+        if event_type == "INPUT":
             event_id = event["id"]
 
             if event_id == "image_left":
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@ def main():
                 }
 
                 image_left = pygame.image.frombuffer(
-                    image["data"], (image["width"], image["height"]), "BGR"
+                    image["data"], (image["width"], image["height"]), "BGR",
                 )
 
             elif event_id == "image_right":
@@ -93,7 +91,7 @@ def main():
                 }
 
                 image_right = pygame.image.frombuffer(
-                    image["data"], (image["width"], image["height"]), "BGR"
+                    image["data"], (image["width"], image["height"]), "BGR",
                 )
 
             elif event_id == "tick":
@@ -104,7 +102,7 @@ def main():
                     if pygame_event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                         running = False
                         break
-                    elif pygame_event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
+                    if pygame_event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                         key = pygame.key.name(pygame_event.key)
 
                         if key == "space":
diff --git a/node-hub/lerobot-dashboard/tests/test_lerobot_dashboard.py b/node-hub/lerobot-dashboard/tests/test_lerobot_dashboard.py
index c5ef139a..b3cab3b7 100644
--- a/node-hub/lerobot-dashboard/tests/test_lerobot_dashboard.py
+++ b/node-hub/lerobot-dashboard/tests/test_lerobot_dashboard.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 def test_pass():
     """TODO: Add docstring."""
-    pass
 
 
 # def test_import_main():
diff --git a/node-hub/mujoco-client/mujoco_client/__init__.py b/node-hub/mujoco-client/mujoco_client/__init__.py
index b8973a5a..a9cca0f7 100644
--- a/node-hub/mujoco-client/mujoco_client/__init__.py
+++ b/node-hub/mujoco-client/mujoco_client/__init__.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-"""TODO: Add docstring."""
\ No newline at end of file
+"""TODO: Add docstring."""
diff --git a/node-hub/mujoco-client/mujoco_client/main.py b/node-hub/mujoco-client/mujoco_client/main.py
index 1c2d80f1..d6543f33 100644
--- a/node-hub/mujoco-client/mujoco_client/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/mujoco-client/mujoco_client/main.py
@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
 """Mujoco Client: This node is used to represent simulated robot, it can be used to read virtual positions, or can be controlled."""
 
-import os
 import argparse
-import time
 import json
-
-import pyarrow as pa
-
-from dora import Node
+import os
+import time
 
 import mujoco
 import mujoco.viewer
+import pyarrow as pa
+from dora import Node
 
 
 class Client:
@@ -66,22 +64,19 @@ class Client:
 
                 elif event_type == "ERROR":
                     raise ValueError(
-                        "An error occurred in the dataflow: " + event["error"]
+                        "An error occurred in the dataflow: " + event["error"],
                     )
 
             self.node.send_output("end", pa.array([]))
 
     def pull_position(self, node, metadata):
         """TODO: Add docstring."""
-        pass
 
     def pull_velocity(self, node, metadata):
         """TODO: Add docstring."""
-        pass
 
     def pull_current(self, node, metadata):
         """TODO: Add docstring."""
-        pass
 
     def write_goal_position(self, goal_position_with_joints):
         """TODO: Add docstring."""
@@ -96,7 +91,7 @@ def main():
     """Handle dynamic nodes, ask for the name of the node in the dataflow."""
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         description="MujoCo Client: This node is used to represent a MuJoCo simulation. It can be used instead of a "
-        "follower arm to test the dataflow."
+        "follower arm to test the dataflow.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -114,14 +109,14 @@ def main():
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--config", type=str, help="The configuration of the joints.", default=None
+        "--config", type=str, help="The configuration of the joints.", default=None,
     )
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     if not os.getenv("SCENE") and args.scene is None:
         raise ValueError(
-            "Please set the SCENE environment variable or pass the --scene argument."
+            "Please set the SCENE environment variable or pass the --scene argument.",
         )
 
     scene = os.getenv("SCENE", args.scene)
@@ -130,7 +125,7 @@ def main():
     if not os.environ.get("CONFIG") and args.config is None:
         raise ValueError(
             "The configuration is not set. Please set the configuration of the simulated motors in the environment "
-            "variables or as an argument."
+            "variables or as an argument.",
         )
 
     with open(os.environ.get("CONFIG") if args.config is None else args.config) as file:
diff --git a/node-hub/mujoco-client/tests/test_mujoco_client.py b/node-hub/mujoco-client/tests/test_mujoco_client.py
index 603a1e20..5b4f371a 100644
--- a/node-hub/mujoco-client/tests/test_mujoco_client.py
+++ b/node-hub/mujoco-client/tests/test_mujoco_client.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 def test_pass():
     """TODO: Add docstring."""
-    pass
 
 
 # def test_import_main():
diff --git a/node-hub/replay-client/replay_client/__init__.py b/node-hub/replay-client/replay_client/__init__.py
index b8973a5a..a9cca0f7 100644
--- a/node-hub/replay-client/replay_client/__init__.py
+++ b/node-hub/replay-client/replay_client/__init__.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-"""TODO: Add docstring."""
\ No newline at end of file
+"""TODO: Add docstring."""
diff --git a/node-hub/replay-client/replay_client/main.py b/node-hub/replay-client/replay_client/main.py
index eca1931e..931662b9 100644
--- a/node-hub/replay-client/replay_client/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/replay-client/replay_client/main.py
@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@
 reading a dataset of actions and joints from a specific episode.
 """
 
-import os
 import argparse
+import os
 
-import pyarrow as pa
 import pandas as pd
-
+import pyarrow as pa
 from dora import Node
 
 
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ class Client:
 def main():
     """Handle dynamic nodes, ask for the name of the node in the dataflow."""
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Replay Client: This node is used to replay a sequence of goals for a followee robot."
+        description="Replay Client: This node is used to replay a sequence of goals for a followee robot.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
diff --git a/node-hub/replay-client/tests/test_replay_client.py b/node-hub/replay-client/tests/test_replay_client.py
index 6e30406e..d612f13d 100644
--- a/node-hub/replay-client/tests/test_replay_client.py
+++ b/node-hub/replay-client/tests/test_replay_client.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 def test_pass():
     """TODO: Add docstring."""
-    pass
 
 
 # def test_import_main():
diff --git a/node-hub/video-encoder/tests/test_video_encoder.py b/node-hub/video-encoder/tests/test_video_encoder.py
index b8b4c3da..6d3f7bed 100644
--- a/node-hub/video-encoder/tests/test_video_encoder.py
+++ b/node-hub/video-encoder/tests/test_video_encoder.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 def test_pass():
     """TODO: Add docstring."""
-    pass
 
 
 # def test_import_main():
diff --git a/node-hub/video-encoder/video_encoder/__init__.py b/node-hub/video-encoder/video_encoder/__init__.py
index 42a8a3b2..55941eec 100644
--- a/node-hub/video-encoder/video_encoder/__init__.py
+++ b/node-hub/video-encoder/video_encoder/__init__.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-"""TODO: Doc String."""
\ No newline at end of file
+"""TODO: Doc String."""
diff --git a/node-hub/video-encoder/video_encoder/main.py b/node-hub/video-encoder/video_encoder/main.py
index 8ccb0fa3..1f9355ed 100644
--- a/node-hub/video-encoder/video_encoder/main.py
+++ b/node-hub/video-encoder/video_encoder/main.py
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 """TODO : Doc String."""
+import argparse
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 
 import cv2
-import argparse
-
 import numpy as np
 import pyarrow as pa
-
 from dora import Node
 from ffmpeg import FFmpeg
 
@@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ from ffmpeg import FFmpeg
 def main():
     """Handle dynamic nodes, ask for the name of the node in the dataflow."""
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Video Encoder: This node is used to record episodes of a robot interacting with the environment."
+        description="Video Encoder: This node is used to record episodes of a robot interacting with the environment.",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -77,8 +75,8 @@ def main():
                                 {
                                     "path": f"videos/{name}",
                                     "timestamp": float(frame_count) / fps,
-                                }
-                            ]
+                                },
+                            ],
                         ),
                         event["metadata"],
                     )
@@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ def main():
                     }
 
                     data = image["data"].reshape(
-                        (image["height"], image["width"], image["channels"])
+                        (image["height"], image["width"], image["channels"]),
                     )
 
                     path = str(out_dir / f"frame_{frame_count:06d}.png")
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@ def main():
                         .option("y")
                         .input(str(out_dir / "frame_%06d.png"), f="image2", r=fps)
                         .output(
-                            str(video_path), vcodec="libx264", g=2, pix_fmt="yuv444p"
+                            str(video_path), vcodec="libx264", g=2, pix_fmt="yuv444p",
                         )
                     )