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  284.           

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  287.     Install OpenBLAS

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  298.     Install OpenBLAS

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  322.       Installing with a package manager

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  373.       Building from source

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  460.   <a href="#building-for-armv8" class="md-nav__link">

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  920. 

  921. <h1 id="install-openblas">Install OpenBLAS</h1>

  922. <p>OpenBLAS can be installed through package managers or from source. If you only

  923. want to use OpenBLAS rather than make changes to it, we recommend installing a

  924. pre-built binary package with your package manager of choice.</p>

  925. <p>This page contains an overview of installing with package managers as well as

  926. from source. For the latter, see <a href="#building-from-source">further down on this page</a>.</p>

  927. <h2 id="installing-with-a-package-manager">Installing with a package manager</h2>

  928. <div class="admonition note">

  929. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  930. <p>Almost every package manager provides OpenBLAS packages; the list on this

  931. page is not comprehensive. If your package manager of choice isn't shown

  932. here, please search its package database for <code>openblas</code> or <code>libopenblas</code>.</p>

  933. </div>

  934. <h3 id="linux">Linux</h3>

  935. <p>On Linux, OpenBLAS can be installed with the system package manager, or with a

  936. package manager like <a href="https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/">Conda</a>

  937. (or alternative package managers for the conda-forge ecosystem, like

  938. <a href="https://mamba.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">Mamba</a>,

  939. <a href="https://mamba.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/micromamba.html">Micromamba</a>,

  940. or <a href="https://pixi.sh/latest/#windows-installer">Pixi</a>),

  941. <a href="https://spack.io/">Spack</a>, or <a href="https://nixos.org/">Nix</a>. For the latter set of

  942. tools, the package name in all cases is <code>openblas</code>. Since package management in

  943. quite a few of these tools is declarative (i.e., managed by adding <code>openblas</code>

  944. to a metadata file describing the dependencies for your project or

  945. environment), we won't attempt to give detailed instructions for these tools here.</p>

  946. <p>Linux distributions typically split OpenBLAS up in two packages: one containing

  947. the library itself (typically named <code>openblas</code> or <code>libopenblas</code>), and one containing headers,

  948. pkg-config and CMake files (typically named the same as the package for the

  949. library with <code>-dev</code> or <code>-devel</code> appended; e.g., <code>openblas-devel</code>). Please keep

  950. in mind that if you want to install OpenBLAS in order to use it directly in

  951. your own project, you will need to install both of those packages.</p>

  952. <p>Distro-specific installation commands:</p>

  953. <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:4"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Debian/Ubuntu/Mint/Kali</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">openSUSE/SLE</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Fedora/CentOS/RHEL</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Arch/Manjaro/Antergos</label></div>

  954. <div class="tabbed-content">

  955. <div class="tabbed-block">

  956. <p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>apt<span class="w"> </span>update

  957. $<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>apt<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>libopenblas-dev

  958. </code></pre></div>

  959. OpenBLAS can be configured as the default BLAS through the <code>update-alternatives</code> mechanism:</p>

  960. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>update-alternatives<span class="w"> </span>--config<span class="w"> </span>libblas.so.3

  961. </code></pre></div>

  962. </div>

  963. <div class="tabbed-block">

  964. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>zypper<span class="w"> </span>refresh

  965. $<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>zypper<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>openblas-devel

  966. </code></pre></div>

  967. <p>OpenBLAS can be configured as the default BLAS through the <code>update-alternatives</code> mechanism:

  968. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>update-alternatives<span class="w"> </span>--config<span class="w"> </span>libblas.so.3

  969. </code></pre></div></p>

  970. </div>

  971. <div class="tabbed-block">

  972. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>dnf<span class="w"> </span>check-update

  973. $<span class="w"> </span>dnf<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>openblas-devel

  974. </code></pre></div>

  975. <div class="admonition warning">

  976. <p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>

  977. <p>Fedora does not ship the pkg-config files for OpenBLAS. Instead, it wants you to

  978. link against <a href="https://www.mpi-magdeburg.mpg.de/projects/flexiblas">FlexiBLAS</a> (which

  979. uses OpenBLAS by default as its backend on Fedora), which you can install with:</p>

  980. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>dnf<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>flexiblas-devel

  981. </code></pre></div>

  982. </div>

  983. <p>For CentOS and RHEL, OpenBLAS packages are provided via the <a href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL">Fedora EPEL repository</a>.

  984. After adding that repository and its repository keys, you can install

  985. <code>openblas-devel</code> with either <code>dnf</code> or <code>yum</code>.</p>

  986. </div>

  987. <div class="tabbed-block">

  988. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>pacman<span class="w"> </span>-S<span class="w"> </span>openblas

  989. </code></pre></div>

  990. </div>

  991. </div>

  992. </div>

  993. <h3 id="windows">Windows</h3>

  994. <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:3"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">Conda-forge</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">vcpkg</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">OpenBLAS releases</label></div>

  995. <div class="tabbed-content">

  996. <div class="tabbed-block">

  997. <p>OpenBLAS can be installed with <code>conda</code> (or <code>mamba</code>, <code>micromamba</code>, or

  998. <code>pixi</code>) from conda-forge:

  999. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>conda install openblas

  1000. </code></pre></div></p>

  1001. <p>Conda-forge provides a method for switching the default BLAS implementation

  1002. used by all packages. To use that for OpenBLAS, install <code>libblas=*=*openblas</code>

  1003. (see <a href="https://conda-forge.org/docs/maintainer/knowledge_base/#switching-blas-implementation">the docs on this mechanism</a>

  1004. for more details).</p>

  1005. </div>

  1006. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1007. <p>OpenBLAS can be installed with vcpkg:

  1008. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># In classic mode:

  1009. vcpkg install openblas

  1010. 

  1011. # Or in manifest mode:

  1012. vcpkg add port openblas

  1013. </code></pre></div></p>

  1014. </div>

  1015. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1016. <p>Windows is the only platform for which binaries are made available by the

  1017. OpenBLAS project itself. They can be downloaded from the GitHub

  1018. Releases](https://github.com/OpenMathLib/OpenBLAS/releases) page. These

  1019. binaries are built with MinGW, using the following build options:

  1020. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>NUM_THREADS=64 TARGET=GENERIC DYNAMIC_ARCH=1 DYNAMIC_OLDER=1 CONSISTENT_FPCSR=1 INTERFACE=0

  1021. </code></pre></div>

  1022. There are separate packages for x86-64 and x86. The zip archive contains

  1023. the include files, static and shared libraries, as well as configuration

  1024. files for getting them found via CMake or pkg-config. To use these

  1025. binaries, create a suitable folder for your OpenBLAS installation and unzip

  1026. the <code>.zip</code> bundle there (note that you will need to edit the provided

  1027. <code>openblas.pc</code> and <code>OpenBLASConfig.cmake</code> to reflect the installation path

  1028. on your computer, as distributed they have "win" or "win64" reflecting the

  1029. local paths on the system they were built on).</p>

  1030. <p>Note that the same binaries can be downloaded

  1031. <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/openblas/files">from SourceForge</a>; this is

  1032. mostly of historical interest.</p>

  1033. </div>

  1034. </div>

  1035. </div>

  1036. <h3 id="macos">macOS</h3>

  1037. <p>To install OpenBLAS with a package manager on macOS, run:</p>

  1038. <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="3:3"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_3_1" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_2" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_3" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_3_1">Homebrew</label><label for="__tabbed_3_2">MacPorts</label><label for="__tabbed_3_3">Conda-forge</label></div>

  1039. <div class="tabbed-content">

  1040. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1041. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>%<span class="w"> </span>brew<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>openblas

  1042. </code></pre></div>

  1043. </div>

  1044. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1045. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>%<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>port<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>OpenBLAS-devel

  1046. </code></pre></div>

  1047. </div>

  1048. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1049. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>%<span class="w"> </span>conda<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>openblas

  1050. </code></pre></div>

  1051. <p>Conda-forge provides a method for switching the default BLAS implementation

  1052. used by all packages. To use that for OpenBLAS, install <code>libblas=*=*openblas</code>

  1053. (see <a href="https://conda-forge.org/docs/maintainer/knowledge_base/#switching-blas-implementation">the docs on this mechanism</a>

  1054. for more details).</p>

  1055. </div>

  1056. </div>

  1057. </div>

  1058. <h3 id="freebsd">FreeBSD</h3>

  1059. <p>You can install OpenBLAS from the FreeBSD <a href="https://www.freebsd.org/ports/index.html">Ports collection</a>:

  1060. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>pkg install openblas

  1061. </code></pre></div></p>

  1062. <h2 id="building-from-source">Building from source</h2>

  1063. <p>We recommend download the latest <a href="https://github.com/OpenMathLib/OpenBLAS/releases">stable version</a>

  1064. from the GitHub Releases page, or checking it out from a git tag, rather than a

  1065. dev version from the <code>develop</code> branch.</p>

  1066. <div class="admonition tip">

  1067. <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>

  1068. <p>The User manual contains <a href="../user_manual/#compiling-openblas">a section with detailed information on compiling OpenBLAS</a>,

  1069. including how to customize builds and how to cross-compile. Please read

  1070. that documentation first. This page contains only platform-specific build

  1071. information, and assumes you already understand the general build system

  1072. invocations to build OpenBLAS, with the specific build options you want to

  1073. control multi-threading and other non-platform-specific behavior).</p>

  1074. </div>

  1075. <h3 id="linux-and-macos">Linux and macOS</h3>

  1076. <p>Ensure you have C and Fortran compilers installed, then simply type <code>make</code> to compile the library.

  1077. There are no other build dependencies, nor unusual platform-specific

  1078. environment variables to set or other system setup to do.</p>

  1079. <div class="admonition note">

  1080. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  1081. <p>When building in an emulator (KVM, QEMU, etc.), please make sure that the combination of CPU features exposed to

  1082. the virtual environment matches that of an existing CPU to allow detection of the CPU model to succeed.

  1083. (With <code>qemu</code>, this can be done by passing <code>-cpu host</code> or a supported model name at invocation).</p>

  1084. </div>

  1085. <h3 id="windows_1">Windows</h3>

  1086. <p>We support building OpenBLAS with either MinGW or Visual Studio on Windows.

  1087. Using MSVC will yield an OpenBLAS build with the Windows platform-native ABI.

  1088. Using MinGW will yield a different ABI. We'll describe both methods in detail

  1089. in this section, since the process for each is quite different.</p>

  1090. <h4 id="visual-studio-native-windows-abi">Visual Studio &amp; native Windows ABI</h4>

  1091. <p>For Visual Studio, you can use CMake to generate Visual Studio solution files;

  1092. note that you will need at least CMake 3.11 for linking to work correctly).</p>

  1093. <p>Note that you need a Fortran compiler if you plan to build and use the LAPACK

  1094. functions included with OpenBLAS. The sections below describe using either

  1095. <code>flang</code> as an add-on to clang/LLVM or <code>gfortran</code> as part of MinGW for this

  1096. purpose. If you want to use the Intel Fortran compiler (<code>ifort</code> or <code>ifx</code>) for

  1097. this, be sure to also use the Intel C compiler (<code>icc</code> or <code>icx</code>) for building

  1098. the C parts, as the ABI imposed by <code>ifort</code> is incompatible with MSVC</p>

  1099. <p>A fully-optimized OpenBLAS that can be statically or dynamically linked to your

  1100. application can currently be built for the 64-bit architecture with the LLVM

  1101. compiler infrastructure. We're going to use <a href="https://docs.anaconda.com/miniconda/">Miniconda3</a>

  1102. to grab all of the tools we need, since some of them are in an experimental

  1103. status. Before you begin, you'll need to have Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 or

  1104. newer installed.</p>

  1105. <ol>

  1106. <li>Install Miniconda3 for 64-bit Windows using <code>winget install --id Anaconda.Miniconda3</code>,

  1107.    or easily download from <a href="https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda.html">conda.io</a>.</li>

  1108. <li>Open the "Anaconda Command Prompt" now available in the Start Menu, or at <code>%USERPROFILE%\miniconda3\shell\condabin\conda-hook.ps1</code>.</li>

  1109. <li>In that command prompt window, use <code>cd</code> to change to the directory where you want to build OpenBLAS.</li>

  1110. <li>Now install all of the tools we need:

  1111.    <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>conda update -n base conda

  1112. conda config --add channels conda-forge

  1113. conda install -y cmake flang clangdev perl libflang ninja

  1114. </code></pre></div></li>

  1115. <li>

  1116. <p>Still in the Anaconda Command Prompt window, activate the 64-bit MSVC environment with <code>vcvarsall x64</code>.

  1117.     On Windows 11 with Visual Studio 2022, this would be done by invoking:</p>

  1118. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="s2">&quot;c:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\vc\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat&quot;</span>

  1119. </code></pre></div>

  1120. <p>With VS2019, the command should be the same (except for the year number of course).

  1121. For other versions of MSVC, please check the Visual Studio documentation for

  1122. exactly how to invoke the <code>vcvars64.bat</code> script.</p>

  1123. <p>Confirm that the environment is active by typing <code>link</code>. This should return

  1124. a long list of possible options for the <code>link</code> command. If it just returns

  1125. <em>"command not found"</em> or similar, review and retype the call to <code>vcvars64.bat</code>.</p>

  1126. <div class="admonition note">

  1127. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  1128. <p>if you are working from a Visual Studio command prompt window instead

  1129. (so that you do not have to do the <code>vcvars</code> call), you need to invoke

  1130. <code>conda activate</code> so that <code>CONDA_PREFIX</code> etc. get set up correctly before

  1131. proceeding to step 6. Failing to do so will lead to link errors like

  1132. <code>libflangmain.lib</code> not getting found later in the build.</p>

  1133. </div>

  1134. </li>

  1135. <li>

  1136. <p>Now configure the project with CMake. Starting in the project directory, execute the following:

  1137.     <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>set &quot;LIB=%CONDA_PREFIX%\Library\lib;%LIB%&quot;

  1138. set &quot;CPATH=%CONDA_PREFIX%\Library\include;%CPATH%&quot;

  1139. mkdir build

  1140. cd build

  1141. cmake .. -G &quot;Ninja&quot; -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang-cl -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-cl -DCMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER=flang -DCMAKE_MT=mt -DBUILD_WITHOUT_LAPACK=no -DNOFORTRAN=0 -DDYNAMIC_ARCH=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release

  1142. </code></pre></div></p>

  1143. <p>You may want to add further options in the <code>cmake</code> command here. For

  1144. instance, the default only produces a static <code>.lib</code> version of the library.

  1145. If you would rather have a DLL, add <code>-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON</code> above. Note that

  1146. this step only creates some command files and directories, the actual build

  1147. happens next.</p>

  1148. </li>

  1149. <li>

  1150. <p>Build the project:</p>

  1151. <p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>cmake --build . --config Release

  1152. </code></pre></div>

  1153. This step will create the OpenBLAS library in the <code>lib</code> directory, and

  1154. various build-time tests in the <code>test</code>, <code>ctest</code> and <code>openblas_utest</code>

  1155. directories. However it will not separate the header files you might need

  1156. for building your own programs from those used internally. To put all

  1157. relevant files in a more convenient arrangement, run the next step.</p>

  1158. </li>

  1159. <li>

  1160. <p>Install all relevant files created by the build:</p>

  1161. <p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>cmake --install . --prefix c:\opt -v

  1162. </code></pre></div>

  1163. This will copy all files that are needed for building and running your own

  1164. programs with OpenBLAS to the given location, creating appropriate

  1165. subdirectories for the individual kinds of files. In the case of <code>C:\opt</code> as

  1166. given above, this would be:</p>

  1167. <ul>

  1168. <li><code>C:\opt\include\openblas</code> for the header files, </li>

  1169. <li><code>C:\opt\bin</code> for the <code>libopenblas.dll</code> shared library,</li>

  1170. <li><code>C:\opt\lib</code> for the static library, and</li>

  1171. <li><code>C:\opt\share</code> holds various support files that enable other cmake-based

  1172.   build scripts to find OpenBLAS automatically.</li>

  1173. </ul>

  1174. </li>

  1175. </ol>

  1176. <div class="admonition tip">

  1177. <p class="admonition-title">Change in complex types for Visual Studio 2017 and up</p>

  1178. <p>In newer Visual Studio versions, Microsoft has changed

  1179. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/complex-math-support?view=msvc-170#types-used-in-complex-math">how it handles complex types</a>.

  1180. Even when using a precompiled version of OpenBLAS, you might need to define

  1181. <code>LAPACK_COMPLEX_CUSTOM</code> in order to define complex types properly for MSVC.

  1182. For example, some variant of the following might help:</p>

  1183. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="cp">#if defined(_MSC_VER)</span>

  1184. <span class="w">    </span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;complex.h&gt;</span>

  1185. <span class="w">    </span><span class="cp">#define LAPACK_COMPLEX_CUSTOM</span>

  1186. <span class="w">    </span><span class="cp">#define lapack_complex_float _Fcomplex</span>

  1187. <span class="w">    </span><span class="cp">#define lapack_complex_double _Dcomplex</span>

  1188. <span class="cp">#endif</span>

  1189. </code></pre></div>

  1190. <p>For reference, see

  1191. <a href="https://github.com/OpenMathLib/OpenBLAS/issues/3661">openblas#3661</a>,

  1192. <a href="https://github.com/Reference-LAPACK/lapack/issues/683">lapack#683</a>, and

  1193. <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47520244/using-openblas-lapacke-in-visual-studio">this Stack Overflow question</a>.</p>

  1194. </div>

  1195. <div class="admonition warning">

  1196. <p class="admonition-title">Building 32-bit binaries with MSVC</p>

  1197. <p>This method may produce binaries which demonstrate significantly lower

  1198. performance than those built with the other methods. The Visual Studio

  1199. compiler does not support the dialect of assembly used in the cpu-specific

  1200. optimized files, so only the "generic" <code>TARGET</code> which is written in pure C

  1201. will get built. For the same reason it is not possible (and not necessary)

  1202. to use <code>-DDYNAMIC_ARCH=ON</code> in a Visual Studio build. You may consider

  1203. building for the 32-bit architecture using the GNU (MinGW) ABI instead.</p>

  1204. </div>

  1205. <h5 id="cmake-visual-studio-integration">CMake &amp; Visual Studio integration</h5>

  1206. <p>To generate Visual Studio solution files, ensure CMake is installed and then run:

  1207. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># Do this from Powershell so cmake can find visual studio

  1208. cmake -G &quot;Visual Studio 14 Win64&quot; -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release .

  1209. </code></pre></div></p>

  1210. <p>To then build OpenBLAS using those solution files from within Visual Studio, we

  1211. also need Perl. Please install it and ensure it's on the <code>PATH</code> (see, e.g.,

  1212. <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3051049/active-perl-installation-on-windows-operating-system">this Stack Overflow question for how</a>).</p>

  1213. <p>If you build from within Visual Studio, the dependencies may not be

  1214. automatically configured: if you try to build <code>libopenblas</code> directly, it may

  1215. fail with a message saying that some <code>.obj</code> files aren't found. If this

  1216. happens, you can work around the problem by building the projects that

  1217. <code>libopenblas</code> depends on before building <code>libopenblas</code> itself.</p>

  1218. <h6 id="build-openblas-for-universal-windows-platform">Build OpenBLAS for Universal Windows Platform</h6>

  1219. <p>OpenBLAS can be built targeting <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a>

  1220. (UWP) like this:</p>

  1221. <ol>

  1222. <li>Follow the steps above to build the Visual Studio solution files for

  1223.     Windows. This builds the helper executables which are required when building

  1224.     the OpenBLAS Visual Studio solution files for UWP in step 2.</li>

  1225. <li>

  1226. <p>Remove the generated <code>CMakeCache.txt</code> and the <code>CMakeFiles</code> directory from

  1227.     the OpenBLAS source directory, then re-run CMake with the following options:</p>

  1228. <p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># do this to build UWP compatible solution files

  1229. cmake -G &quot;Visual Studio 14 Win64&quot; -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=WindowsStore -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION=&quot;10.0&quot; -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=AMD64 -DVS_WINRT_COMPONENT=TRUE -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release .

  1230. </code></pre></div>

  1231. 3.  Now build the solution with Visual Studio.</p>

  1232. </li>

  1233. </ol>

  1234. <h4 id="mingw-gnu-abi">MinGW &amp; GNU ABI</h4>

  1235. <div class="admonition note">

  1236. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  1237. <p>The resulting library from building with MinGW as described below can be

  1238. used in Visual Studio, but it can only be linked dynamically. This

  1239. configuration has not been thoroughly tested and should be considered

  1240. experimental.</p>

  1241. </div>

  1242. <p>To build OpenBLAS on Windows with MinGW:</p>

  1243. <ol>

  1244. <li>Install the MinGW (GCC) compiler suite, either the 32-bit

  1245.     [MinGW]((http://www.mingw.org/) or the 64-bit

  1246.     <a href="http://mingw-w64.sourceforge.net/">MinGW-w64</a> toolchain. Be sure to install

  1247.     its <code>gfortran</code> package as well (unless you really want to build the BLAS part

  1248.     of OpenBLAS only) and check that <code>gcc</code> and <code>gfortran</code> are the same version.

  1249.     In addition, please install MSYS2 with MinGW.</li>

  1250. <li>Build OpenBLAS in the MSYS2 shell. Usually, you can just type <code>make</code>.

  1251.     OpenBLAS will detect the compiler and CPU automatically. </li>

  1252. <li>After the build is complete, OpenBLAS will generate the static library

  1253.     <code>libopenblas.a</code> and the shared library <code>libopenblas.dll</code> in the folder. You

  1254.     can type <code>make PREFIX=/your/installation/path install</code> to install the

  1255.     library to a certain location.</li>

  1256. </ol>

  1257. <p>Note that OpenBLAS will generate the import library <code>libopenblas.dll.a</code> for

  1258. <code>libopenblas.dll</code> by default.</p>

  1259. <p>If you want to generate Windows-native PDB files from a MinGW build, you can

  1260. use the <a href="https://github.com/rainers/cv2pdb">cv2pdb</a> tool to do so.</p>

  1261. <p>To then use the built OpenBLAS shared library in Visual Studio:</p>

  1262. <ol>

  1263. <li>Copy the import library (<code>OPENBLAS_TOP_DIR/libopenblas.dll.a</code>) and the

  1264.     shared library (<code>libopenblas.dll</code>) into the same folder (this must be the

  1265.     folder of your project that is going to use the BLAS library. You may need

  1266.     to add <code>libopenblas.dll.a</code> to the linker input list: <code>properties-&gt;Linker-&gt;Input</code>).</li>

  1267. <li>Please follow the Visual Studio documentation about using third-party .dll

  1268.     libraries, and make sure to link against a library for the correct

  1269.     architecture.<sup id="fnref:1"><a class="footnote-ref" href="#fn:1">1</a></sup></li>

  1270. <li>If you need CBLAS, you should include <code>cblas.h</code> in

  1271.     <code>/your/installation/path/include</code> in Visual Studio. Please see

  1272.     <a href="http://github.com/OpenMathLib/OpenBLAS/issues/95">openblas#95</a> for more details.</li>

  1273. </ol>

  1274. <div class="admonition info">

  1275. <p class="admonition-title">Limitations of using the MinGW build within Visual Studio</p>

  1276. <ul>

  1277. <li>Both static and dynamic linking are supported with MinGW.  With Visual

  1278.   Studio, however, only dynamic linking is supported and so you should use

  1279.   the import library.</li>

  1280. <li>Debugging from Visual Studio does not work because MinGW and Visual

  1281.   Studio have incompatible formats for debug information (PDB vs.

  1282.   DWARF/STABS).  You should either debug with GDB on the command line or

  1283.   with a visual frontend, for instance <a href="http://www.eclipse.org/cdt/">Eclipse</a> or

  1284.   <a href="http://qt.nokia.com/products/developer-tools/">Qt Creator</a>.</li>

  1285. </ul>

  1286. </div>

  1287. <h4 id="windows-on-arm">Windows on Arm</h4>

  1288. <p>The following tools needs to be installed to build for Windows on Arm (WoA):</p>

  1289. <ul>

  1290. <li>Clang for Windows on Arm.

  1291.     Find the latest LLVM build for WoA from <a href="https://releases.llvm.org/">LLVM release page</a>.

  1292.     E.g: LLVM 12 build for WoA64 can be found <a href="https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/download/llvmorg-12.0.0/LLVM-12.0.0-woa64.exe">here</a>

  1293.     Run the LLVM installer and ensure that LLVM is added to environment PATH.</li>

  1294. <li>Download and install classic Flang for Windows on Arm.

  1295.     Classic Flang is the only available Fortran compiler for Windows on Arm for now.

  1296.     A pre-release build can be found <a href="https://github.com/kaadam/flang/releases/tag/v0.1">here</a>

  1297.     There is no installer for classic flang and the zip package can be

  1298.     extracted and the path needs to be added to environment <code>PATH</code>.

  1299.     E.g., in PowerShell:

  1300.     <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$env:Path += &quot;;C:\flang_woa\bin&quot;

  1301. </code></pre></div></li>

  1302. </ul>

  1303. <p>The following steps describe how to build the static library for OpenBLAS with and without LAPACK:</p>

  1304. <ol>

  1305. <li>

  1306. <p>Build OpenBLAS static library with BLAS and LAPACK routines with Make:</p>

  1307. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;clang-cl&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;clang-cl&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;llvm-ar&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BUILD_WITHOUT_LAPACK</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">NOFORTRAN</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">DYNAMIC_ARCH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ARMV8<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ARCH</span><span class="o">=</span>arm64<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">64</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">USE_OPENMP</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PARALLEL</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">RANLIB</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;llvm-ranlib&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">MAKE</span><span class="o">=</span>make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">F_COMPILER</span><span class="o">=</span>FLANG<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FC</span><span class="o">=</span>FLANG<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FFLAGS_NOOPT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-march=armv8-a -cpp&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-march=armv8-a -cpp&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">NEED_PIC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTARCH</span><span class="o">=</span>arm64<span class="w"> </span>libs<span class="w"> </span>netlib

  1308. </code></pre></div>

  1309. </li>

  1310. <li>

  1311. <p>Build static library with BLAS routines using CMake:</p>

  1312. <p>Classic Flang has compatibility issues with CMake, hence only BLAS routines can be compiled with CMake:</p>

  1313. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>mkdir<span class="w"> </span>build

  1314. $<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">cd</span><span class="w"> </span>build

  1315. $<span class="w"> </span>cmake<span class="w"> </span>..<span class="w">  </span>-G<span class="w"> </span>Ninja<span class="w"> </span>-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER<span class="o">=</span>clang<span class="w"> </span>-DBUILD_WITHOUT_LAPACK<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span>-DNOFORTRAN<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span>-DDYNAMIC_ARCH<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span>-DTARGET<span class="o">=</span>ARMV8<span class="w"> </span>-DARCH<span class="o">=</span>arm64<span class="w"> </span>-DBINARY<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">64</span><span class="w"> </span>-DUSE_OPENMP<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span>-DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR<span class="o">=</span>ARM64<span class="w"> </span>-DCMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span>-DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME<span class="o">=</span>Windows

  1316. $<span class="w"> </span>cmake<span class="w"> </span>--build<span class="w"> </span>.<span class="w"> </span>--config<span class="w"> </span>Release

  1317. </code></pre></div>

  1318. </li>

  1319. </ol>

  1320. <div class="admonition tip">

  1321. <p class="admonition-title"><code>getarch.exe</code> execution error</p>

  1322. <p>If you notice that platform-specific headers by <code>getarch.exe</code> are not

  1323. generated correctly, this could be due to a known debug runtime DLL issue for

  1324. arm64 platforms. Please check out <a href="https://linaro.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/WOAR/pages/28677636097/Debug+run-time+DLL+issue#Workaround">this page</a>

  1325. for a workaround.</p>

  1326. </div>

  1327. <h4 id="generating-an-import-library">Generating an import library</h4>

  1328. <p>Microsoft Windows has this thing called "import libraries". You need it for

  1329. MSVC; you don't need it for MinGW because the <code>ld</code> linker is smart enough -

  1330. however, you may still want it for some reason, so we'll describe the process

  1331. for both MSVC and MinGW.</p>

  1332. <p>Import libraries are compiled from a list of what symbols to use, which are

  1333. contained in a <code>.def</code> file. A <code>.def</code> file should be already be present in the

  1334. <code>exports</code> directory under the top-level OpenBLAS directory after you've run a build.

  1335. In your shell, move to this directory: <code>cd exports</code>.</p>

  1336. <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="4:2"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_4_1" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_2" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_4_1">MSVC</label><label for="__tabbed_4_2">MinGW</label></div>

  1337. <div class="tabbed-content">

  1338. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1339. <p>Unlike MinGW, MSVC absolutely requires an import library. Now the C ABI of

  1340. MSVC and MinGW are actually identical, so linking is actually okay (any

  1341. incompatibility in the C ABI would be a bug).</p>

  1342. <p>The import libraries of MSVC have the suffix <code>.lib</code>. They are generated

  1343. from a <code>.def</code> file using MSVC's <code>lib.exe</code>. See <a href="use_visual_studio.md#generate-import-library-before-0210-version">the MSVC instructions</a>.</p>

  1344. </div>

  1345. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1346. <p>MinGW import libraries have the suffix <code>.a</code>, just like static libraries.

  1347. Our goal is to produce the file <code>libopenblas.dll.a</code>.</p>

  1348. <p>You need to first insert a line <code>LIBRARY libopenblas.dll</code> in <code>libopenblas.def</code>:

  1349. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>cat &lt;(echo &quot;LIBRARY libopenblas.dll&quot;) libopenblas.def &gt; libopenblas.def.1

  1350. mv libopenblas.def.1 libopenblas.def

  1351. </code></pre></div></p>

  1352. <p>Now the <code>.def</code> file probably looks like:

  1353. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>LIBRARY libopenblas.dll

  1354. EXPORTS

  1355.    caxpy=caxpy_  @1

  1356.    caxpy_=caxpy_  @2

  1357.        ...

  1358. </code></pre></div>

  1359. Then, generate the import library: <code>dlltool -d libopenblas.def -l libopenblas.dll.a</code></p>

  1360. <p><em>Again, there is basically <strong>no point</strong> in making an import library for use in MinGW. It actually slows down linking.</em></p>

  1361. </div>

  1362. </div>

  1363. </div>

  1364. <h3 id="android">Android</h3>

  1365. <p>To build OpenBLAS for Android, you will need the following tools installed on your machine:</p>

  1366. <ul>

  1367. <li><a href="https://developer.android.com/ndk/">The Android NDK</a></li>

  1368. <li>Perl</li>

  1369. <li>Clang compiler on the build machine</li>

  1370. </ul>

  1371. <p>The next two sections below describe how to build with Clang for ARMV7 and

  1372. ARMV8 targets, respectively. The same basic principles as described below for

  1373. ARMV8 should also apply to building an x86 or x86-64 version (substitute

  1374. something like <code>NEHALEM</code> for the target instead of <code>ARMV8</code>, and replace all the

  1375. <code>aarch64</code> in the toolchain paths with <code>x86</code> or <code>x96_64</code> as appropriate).</p>

  1376. <div class="admonition info">

  1377. <p class="admonition-title">Historic note</p>

  1378. <p>Since NDK version 19, the default toolchain is provided as a standalone

  1379. toolchain, so building one yourself following

  1380. <a href="http://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/standalone_toolchain.html">building a standalone toolchain</a>

  1381. should no longer be necessary.</p>

  1382. </div>

  1383. <h4 id="building-for-armv7">Building for ARMV7</h4>

  1384. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># Set path to ndk-bundle</span>

  1385. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="o">=</span>/path/to/ndk-bundle

  1386. 

  1387. <span class="c1"># Set the PATH to contain paths to clang and arm-linux-androideabi-* utilities</span>

  1388. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PATH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin:<span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin:<span class="nv">$PATH</span>

  1389. 

  1390. <span class="c1"># Set LDFLAGS so that the linker finds the appropriate libgcc</span>

  1391. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-L</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.9.x&quot;</span>

  1392. 

  1393. <span class="c1"># Set the clang cross compile flags</span>

  1394. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CLANG_FLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-target arm-linux-androideabi -marm -mfpu=vfp -mfloat-abi=softfp --sysroot </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/platforms/android-23/arch-arm -gcc-toolchain </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/&quot;</span>

  1395. 

  1396. <span class="c1">#OpenBLAS Compile</span>

  1397. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ARMV7<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span>ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;clang </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">CLANG_FLAGS</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ARM_SOFTFP_ABI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span>-j4

  1398. </code></pre></div>

  1399. <p>On macOS, it may also be necessary to give the complete path to the <code>ar</code>

  1400. utility in the make command above, like so:

  1401. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/prebuilt/darwin-x86_64/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc-ar

  1402. </code></pre></div>

  1403. otherwise you may get a linker error complaining like <code>malformed archive header

  1404. name at 8</code> when the native macOS <code>ar</code> command was invoked instead.</p>

  1405. <h4 id="building-for-armv8">Building for ARMV8</h4>

  1406. <p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># Set path to ndk-bundle</span>

  1407. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="o">=</span>/path/to/ndk-bundle/

  1408. 

  1409. <span class="c1"># Export PATH to contain directories of clang and aarch64-linux-android-* utilities</span>

  1410. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PATH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/toolchains/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/:<span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin:<span class="nv">$PATH</span>

  1411. 

  1412. <span class="c1"># Setup LDFLAGS so that loader can find libgcc and pass -lm for sqrt</span>

  1413. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-L</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/toolchains/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-android/4.9.x -lm&quot;</span>

  1414. 

  1415. <span class="c1"># Setup the clang cross compile options</span>

  1416. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CLANG_FLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-target aarch64-linux-android --sysroot </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/platforms/android-23/arch-arm64 -gcc-toolchain </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/toolchains/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/&quot;</span>

  1417. 

  1418. <span class="c1"># Compile</span>

  1419. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ARMV8<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span>ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;clang </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">CLANG_FLAGS</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span>-j4

  1420. </code></pre></div>

  1421. Note: using <code>TARGET=CORTEXA57</code> in place of <code>ARMV8</code> will pick up better

  1422. optimized routines. Implementations for the <code>CORTEXA57</code> target are compatible

  1423. with all other <code>ARMV8</code> targets.</p>

  1424. <p>Note: for NDK 23b, something as simple as:

  1425. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PATH</span><span class="o">=</span>/opt/android-ndk-r23b/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/:<span class="nv">$PATH</span>

  1426. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span>/opt/android-ndk-r23b/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/aarch64-linux-android31-clang<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ARMV8

  1427. </code></pre></div>

  1428. appears to be sufficient on Linux.</p>

  1429. <details class="note">

  1430. <summary>Alternative build script for 3 architectures</summary>

  1431. <p>This script will build OpenBLAS for 3 architecture (<code>ARMV7</code>, <code>ARMV8</code>, <code>X86</code>) and install them to <code>/opt/OpenBLAS/lib</code>.

  1432. It was tested on macOS with NDK version 21.3.6528147.</p>

  1433. <p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">NDK</span><span class="o">=</span>YOUR_PATH_TO_SDK/Android/sdk/ndk/21.3.6528147

  1434. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$NDK</span>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/darwin-x86_64

  1435. 

  1436. make<span class="w"> </span>clean

  1437. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1438. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ARMV7<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1439. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1440. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi21-clang<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1441. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1442. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1443. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">ARM_SOFTFP_ABI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1444. <span class="w">    </span>-j4

  1445. sudo<span class="w"> </span>make<span class="w"> </span>install

  1446. 

  1447. make<span class="w"> </span>clean

  1448. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1449. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>CORTEXA57<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1450. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1451. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span>/bin/aarch64-linux-android21-clang<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1452. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span>/bin/aarch64-linux-android-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1453. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1454. -j4

  1455. sudo<span class="w"> </span>make<span class="w"> </span>install

  1456. 

  1457. make<span class="w"> </span>clean

  1458. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1459. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ATOM<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1460. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1461. <span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>/bin/i686-linux-android21-clang<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1462. <span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>/bin/i686-linux-android-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1463. <span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1464. <span class="nv">ARM_SOFTFP_ABI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1465. -j4

  1466. sudo<span class="w"> </span>make<span class="w"> </span>install

  1467. 

  1468. <span class="c1">## This will build for x86_64 </span>

  1469. make<span class="w"> </span>clean

  1470. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1471. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ATOM<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">64</span><span class="se">\</span>

  1472. <span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1473. <span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>/bin/x86_64-linux-android21-clang<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1474. <span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>/bin/x86_64-linux-android-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1475. <span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1476. <span class="nv">ARM_SOFTFP_ABI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1477. -j4

  1478. sudo<span class="w"> </span>make<span class="w"> </span>install

  1479. </code></pre></div>

  1480. You can find full list of target architectures in <a href="https://github.com/OpenMathLib/OpenBLAS/blob/develop/TargetList.txt">TargetList.txt</a></p>

  1481. </details>

  1482. <h3 id="iphoneios">iPhone/iOS</h3>

  1483. <p>As none of the current developers uses iOS, the following instructions are what

  1484. was found to work in our Azure CI setup, but as far as we know this builds a

  1485. fully working OpenBLAS for this platform.</p>

  1486. <p>Go to the directory where you unpacked OpenBLAS,and enter the following commands:

  1487. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span>/Applications/Xcode_12.4.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang

  1488. 

  1489. <span class="nv">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>-O2<span class="w"> </span>-Wno-macro-redefined<span class="w"> </span>-isysroot<span class="w"> </span>/Applications/Xcode_12.4.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS14.4.sdk<span class="w"> </span>-arch<span class="w"> </span>arm64<span class="w"> </span>-miphoneos-version-min<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">10</span>.0

  1490. 

  1491. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ARMV8<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">DYNAMIC_ARCH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">NUM_THREADS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>clang<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">NOFORTRAN</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span>

  1492. </code></pre></div>

  1493. Adjust <code>MIN_IOS_VERSION</code> as necessary for your installation. E.g., change the version number

  1494. to the minimum iOS version you want to target and execute this file to build the library.</p>

  1495. <h3 id="mips">MIPS</h3>

  1496. <p>For MIPS targets you will need latest toolchains:</p>

  1497. <ul>

  1498. <li>P5600 - MTI GNU/Linux Toolchain</li>

  1499. <li>I6400, P6600 - IMG GNU/Linux Toolchain</li>

  1500. </ul>

  1501. <p>You can use following commandlines for builds:</p>

  1502. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nv">IMG_TOOLCHAIN_DIR</span><span class="o">={</span>full<span class="w"> </span>IMG<span class="w"> </span>GNU/Linux<span class="w"> </span>Toolchain<span class="w"> </span>path<span class="w"> </span>including<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;bin&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span>directory<span class="w"> </span>--<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span>example,<span class="w"> </span>/opt/linux_toolchain/bin<span class="o">}</span>

  1503. <span class="nv">IMG_GCC_PREFIX</span><span class="o">=</span>mips-img-linux-gnu

  1504. <span class="nv">IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">IMG_TOOLCHAIN_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/<span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">IMG_GCC_PREFIX</span><span class="si">}</span>

  1505. 

  1506. <span class="c1"># I6400 Build (n32):</span>

  1507. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY32</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">-gfortran -EL -mabi=n32&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">RANLIB</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ranlib<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>I6400

  1508. 

  1509. <span class="c1"># I6400 Build (n64):</span>

  1510. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">64</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY64</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">-gfortran -EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">RANLIB</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ranlib<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>I6400

  1511. 

  1512. <span class="c1"># P6600 Build (n32):</span>

  1513. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY32</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">-gfortran -EL -mabi=n32&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">RANLIB</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ranlib<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>P6600

  1514. 

  1515. <span class="c1"># P6600 Build (n64):</span>

  1516. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">64</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY64</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">-gfortran -EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">RANLIB</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ranlib<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>P6600

  1517. 

  1518. <span class="nv">MTI_TOOLCHAIN_DIR</span><span class="o">={</span>full<span class="w"> </span>MTI<span class="w"> </span>GNU/Linux<span class="w"> </span>Toolchain<span class="w"> </span>path<span class="w"> </span>including<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;bin&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span>directory<span class="w"> </span>--<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span>example,<span class="w"> </span>/opt/linux_toolchain/bin<span class="o">}</span>

  1519. <span class="nv">MTI_GCC_PREFIX</span><span class="o">=</span>mips-mti-linux-gnu

  1520. <span class="nv">MTI_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">IMG_TOOLCHAIN_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/<span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">IMG_GCC_PREFIX</span><span class="si">}</span>

  1521. 

  1522. <span class="c1"># P5600 Build:</span>

  1523. 

  1524. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY32</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$MTI_TOOLCHAIN</span>-gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$MTI_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$MTI_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">-gfortran -EL&quot;</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">RANLIB</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$MTI_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ranlib<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>P5600

  1525. </code></pre></div>

  1526. <h3 id="freebsd_1">FreeBSD</h3>

  1527. <p>You will need to install the following tools from the FreeBSD ports tree:</p>

  1528. <ul>

  1529. <li>lang/gcc</li>

  1530. <li>lang/perl5.12</li>

  1531. <li>ftp/curl</li>

  1532. <li>devel/gmake</li>

  1533. <li>devel/patch</li>

  1534. </ul>

  1535. <p>To compile run the command:

  1536. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>gmake<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FC</span><span class="o">=</span>gfortran

  1537. </code></pre></div></p>

  1538. <h3 id="cortex-m">Cortex-M</h3>

  1539. <p>Cortex-M is a widely used microcontroller that is present in a variety of

  1540. industrial and consumer electronics. A common variant of the Cortex-M is the

  1541. <code>STM32F4xx</code> series. Here, we will give instructions for building for that

  1542. series.</p>

  1543. <p>First, install the embedded Arm GCC compiler from the Arm website. Then, create

  1544. the following <code>toolchain.cmake</code> file:</p>

  1545. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">Generic</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1546. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">arm</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1547. 

  1548. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_C_COMPILER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1549. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;arm-none-eabi-g++.exe&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1550. 

  1551. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;--specs=nosys.specs&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">CACHE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">INTERNAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1552. 

  1553. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">NEVER</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1554. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">ONLY</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1555. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">ONLY</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1556. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">ONLY</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1557. </code></pre></div>

  1558. <p>Then build OpenBLAS with:

  1559. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>cmake<span class="w"> </span>..<span class="w"> </span>-G<span class="w"> </span>Ninja<span class="w"> </span>-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER<span class="o">=</span>arm-none-eabi-gcc<span class="w"> </span>-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE:PATH<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;toolchain.cmake&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span>-DNOFORTRAN<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span>-DTARGET<span class="o">=</span>ARMV5<span class="w"> </span>-DEMBEDDED<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span>

  1560. </code></pre></div></p>

  1561. <p>In your embedded application, the following functions need to be provided for OpenBLAS to work correctly:

  1562. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="p">);</span>

  1563. <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">);</span>

  1564. </code></pre></div></p>

  1565. <div class="admonition note">

  1566. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  1567. <p>If you are developing for an embedded platform, it is your responsibility

  1568. to make sure that the device has sufficient memory for <code>malloc</code> calls.

  1569. <a href="https://github.com/embeddedartistry/libmemory">Libmemory</a>

  1570. provides one implementation of <code>malloc</code> for embedded platforms.</p>

  1571. </div>

  1572. <div class="footnote">

  1573. <hr />

  1574. <ol>

  1575. <li id="fn:1">

  1576. <p>If the OpenBLAS DLLs are not linked correctly, you may see an error like

  1577.    <em>"The application was unable to start correctly (0xc000007b)"</em>, which typically

  1578.    indicates a mismatch between 32-bit and 64-bit libraries.&#160;<a class="footnote-backref" href="#fnref:1" title="Jump back to footnote 1 in the text">&#8617;</a></p>

  1579. </li>

  1580. </ol>

  1581. </div>

  1582. 

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