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  289.           

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  292.   <span class="md-ellipsis">

  293.     Install OpenBLAS

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  306.     Install OpenBLAS

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  331.       Installing with a package manager

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  380.   <a href="#building-from-source" class="md-nav__link">

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  382.       Building from source

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  443.     <span class="md-ellipsis">

  444.       Generating an import library

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  468.       Building for ARMV7

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  475.   <a href="#building-for-armv8" class="md-nav__link">

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  998. 

  999. <h1 id="install-openblas">Install OpenBLAS</h1>

  1000. <p>OpenBLAS can be installed through package managers or from source. If you only

  1001. want to use OpenBLAS rather than make changes to it, we recommend installing a

  1002. pre-built binary package with your package manager of choice.</p>

  1003. <p>This page contains an overview of installing with package managers as well as

  1004. from source. For the latter, see <a href="#building-from-source">further down on this page</a>.</p>

  1005. <h2 id="installing-with-a-package-manager">Installing with a package manager</h2>

  1006. <div class="admonition note">

  1007. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  1008. <p>Almost every package manager provides OpenBLAS packages; the list on this

  1009. page is not comprehensive. If your package manager of choice isn't shown

  1010. here, please search its package database for <code>openblas</code> or <code>libopenblas</code>.</p>

  1011. </div>

  1012. <h3 id="linux">Linux</h3>

  1013. <p>On Linux, OpenBLAS can be installed with the system package manager, or with a

  1014. package manager like <a href="https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/">Conda</a>

  1015. (or alternative package managers for the conda-forge ecosystem, like

  1016. <a href="https://mamba.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">Mamba</a>,

  1017. <a href="https://mamba.readthedocs.io/en/latest/user_guide/micromamba.html">Micromamba</a>,

  1018. or <a href="https://pixi.sh/latest/#windows-installer">Pixi</a>),

  1019. <a href="https://spack.io/">Spack</a>, or <a href="https://nixos.org/">Nix</a>. For the latter set of

  1020. tools, the package name in all cases is <code>openblas</code>. Since package management in

  1021. quite a few of these tools is declarative (i.e., managed by adding <code>openblas</code>

  1022. to a metadata file describing the dependencies for your project or

  1023. environment), we won't attempt to give detailed instructions for these tools here.</p>

  1024. <p>Linux distributions typically split OpenBLAS up in two packages: one containing

  1025. the library itself (typically named <code>openblas</code> or <code>libopenblas</code>), and one containing headers,

  1026. pkg-config and CMake files (typically named the same as the package for the

  1027. library with <code>-dev</code> or <code>-devel</code> appended; e.g., <code>openblas-devel</code>). Please keep

  1028. in mind that if you want to install OpenBLAS in order to use it directly in

  1029. your own project, you will need to install both of those packages.</p>

  1030. <p>Distro-specific installation commands:</p>

  1031. <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:4"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Debian/Ubuntu/Mint/Kali</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">openSUSE/SLE</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Fedora/CentOS/RHEL</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Arch/Manjaro/Antergos</label></div>

  1032. <div class="tabbed-content">

  1033. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1034. <p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>apt<span class="w"> </span>update

  1035. $<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>apt<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>libopenblas-dev

  1036. </code></pre></div>

  1037. OpenBLAS can be configured as the default BLAS through the <code>update-alternatives</code> mechanism:</p>

  1038. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>update-alternatives<span class="w"> </span>--config<span class="w"> </span>libblas.so.3

  1039. </code></pre></div>

  1040. </div>

  1041. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1042. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>zypper<span class="w"> </span>refresh

  1043. $<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>zypper<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>openblas-devel

  1044. </code></pre></div>

  1045. <p>OpenBLAS can be configured as the default BLAS through the <code>update-alternatives</code> mechanism:

  1046. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>update-alternatives<span class="w"> </span>--config<span class="w"> </span>libblas.so.3

  1047. </code></pre></div></p>

  1048. </div>

  1049. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1050. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>dnf<span class="w"> </span>check-update

  1051. $<span class="w"> </span>dnf<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>openblas-devel

  1052. </code></pre></div>

  1053. <div class="admonition warning">

  1054. <p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>

  1055. <p>Fedora does not ship the pkg-config files for OpenBLAS. Instead, it wants you to

  1056. link against <a href="https://www.mpi-magdeburg.mpg.de/projects/flexiblas">FlexiBLAS</a> (which

  1057. uses OpenBLAS by default as its backend on Fedora), which you can install with:</p>

  1058. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>dnf<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>flexiblas-devel

  1059. </code></pre></div>

  1060. </div>

  1061. <p>For CentOS and RHEL, OpenBLAS packages are provided via the <a href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL">Fedora EPEL repository</a>.

  1062. After adding that repository and its repository keys, you can install

  1063. <code>openblas-devel</code> with either <code>dnf</code> or <code>yum</code>.</p>

  1064. </div>

  1065. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1066. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>pacman<span class="w"> </span>-S<span class="w"> </span>openblas

  1067. </code></pre></div>

  1068. </div>

  1069. </div>

  1070. </div>

  1071. <h3 id="windows">Windows</h3>

  1072. <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:3"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_3" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">Conda-forge</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">vcpkg</label><label for="__tabbed_2_3">OpenBLAS releases</label></div>

  1073. <div class="tabbed-content">

  1074. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1075. <p>OpenBLAS can be installed with <code>conda</code> (or <code>mamba</code>, <code>micromamba</code>, or

  1076. <code>pixi</code>) from conda-forge:

  1077. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>conda install openblas

  1078. </code></pre></div></p>

  1079. <p>Conda-forge provides a method for switching the default BLAS implementation

  1080. used by all packages. To use that for OpenBLAS, install <code>libblas=*=*openblas</code>

  1081. (see <a href="https://conda-forge.org/docs/maintainer/knowledge_base/#switching-blas-implementation">the docs on this mechanism</a>

  1082. for more details).</p>

  1083. </div>

  1084. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1085. <p>OpenBLAS can be installed with vcpkg:

  1086. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># In classic mode:

  1087. vcpkg install openblas

  1088. 

  1089. # Or in manifest mode:

  1090. vcpkg add port openblas

  1091. </code></pre></div></p>

  1092. </div>

  1093. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1094. <p>Windows is the only platform for which binaries are made available by the

  1095. OpenBLAS project itself. They can be downloaded from the GitHub

  1096. Releases](https://github.com/OpenMathLib/OpenBLAS/releases) page. These

  1097. binaries are built with MinGW, using the following build options:

  1098. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>NUM_THREADS=64 TARGET=GENERIC DYNAMIC_ARCH=1 DYNAMIC_OLDER=1 CONSISTENT_FPCSR=1 INTERFACE=0

  1099. </code></pre></div>

  1100. There are separate packages for x86-64 and x86. The zip archive contains

  1101. the include files, static and shared libraries, as well as configuration

  1102. files for getting them found via CMake or pkg-config. To use these

  1103. binaries, create a suitable folder for your OpenBLAS installation and unzip

  1104. the <code>.zip</code> bundle there (note that you will need to edit the provided

  1105. <code>openblas.pc</code> and <code>OpenBLASConfig.cmake</code> to reflect the installation path

  1106. on your computer, as distributed they have "win" or "win64" reflecting the

  1107. local paths on the system they were built on).</p>

  1108. <p>Note that the same binaries can be downloaded

  1109. <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/openblas/files">from SourceForge</a>; this is

  1110. mostly of historical interest.</p>

  1111. </div>

  1112. </div>

  1113. </div>

  1114. <h3 id="macos">macOS</h3>

  1115. <p>To install OpenBLAS with a package manager on macOS, run:</p>

  1116. <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="3:3"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_3_1" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_2" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_3_3" name="__tabbed_3" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_3_1">Homebrew</label><label for="__tabbed_3_2">MacPorts</label><label for="__tabbed_3_3">Conda-forge</label></div>

  1117. <div class="tabbed-content">

  1118. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1119. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>%<span class="w"> </span>brew<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>openblas

  1120. </code></pre></div>

  1121. </div>

  1122. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1123. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>%<span class="w"> </span>sudo<span class="w"> </span>port<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>OpenBLAS-devel

  1124. </code></pre></div>

  1125. </div>

  1126. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1127. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>%<span class="w"> </span>conda<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>openblas

  1128. </code></pre></div>

  1129. <p>Conda-forge provides a method for switching the default BLAS implementation

  1130. used by all packages. To use that for OpenBLAS, install <code>libblas=*=*openblas</code>

  1131. (see <a href="https://conda-forge.org/docs/maintainer/knowledge_base/#switching-blas-implementation">the docs on this mechanism</a>

  1132. for more details).</p>

  1133. </div>

  1134. </div>

  1135. </div>

  1136. <h3 id="freebsd">FreeBSD</h3>

  1137. <p>You can install OpenBLAS from the FreeBSD <a href="https://www.freebsd.org/ports/index.html">Ports collection</a>:

  1138. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>pkg install openblas

  1139. </code></pre></div></p>

  1140. <h2 id="building-from-source">Building from source</h2>

  1141. <p>We recommend download the latest <a href="https://github.com/OpenMathLib/OpenBLAS/releases">stable version</a>

  1142. from the GitHub Releases page, or checking it out from a git tag, rather than a

  1143. dev version from the <code>develop</code> branch.</p>

  1144. <div class="admonition tip">

  1145. <p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>

  1146. <p>The User manual contains <a href="../user_manual/#compiling-openblas">a section with detailed information on compiling OpenBLAS</a>,

  1147. including how to customize builds and how to cross-compile. Please read

  1148. that documentation first. This page contains only platform-specific build

  1149. information, and assumes you already understand the general build system

  1150. invocations to build OpenBLAS, with the specific build options you want to

  1151. control multi-threading and other non-platform-specific behavior).</p>

  1152. </div>

  1153. <h3 id="linux-and-macos">Linux and macOS</h3>

  1154. <p>Ensure you have C and Fortran compilers installed, then simply type <code>make</code> to compile the library.

  1155. There are no other build dependencies, nor unusual platform-specific

  1156. environment variables to set or other system setup to do.</p>

  1157. <div class="admonition note">

  1158. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  1159. <p>When building in an emulator (KVM, QEMU, etc.), please make sure that the combination of CPU features exposed to

  1160. the virtual environment matches that of an existing CPU to allow detection of the CPU model to succeed.

  1161. (With <code>qemu</code>, this can be done by passing <code>-cpu host</code> or a supported model name at invocation).</p>

  1162. </div>

  1163. <h3 id="windows_1">Windows</h3>

  1164. <p>We support building OpenBLAS with either MinGW or Visual Studio on Windows.

  1165. Using MSVC will yield an OpenBLAS build with the Windows platform-native ABI.

  1166. Using MinGW will yield a different ABI. We'll describe both methods in detail

  1167. in this section, since the process for each is quite different.</p>

  1168. <h4 id="visual-studio-native-windows-abi">Visual Studio &amp; native Windows ABI</h4>

  1169. <p>For Visual Studio, you can use CMake to generate Visual Studio solution files;

  1170. note that you will need at least CMake 3.11 for linking to work correctly).</p>

  1171. <p>Note that you need a Fortran compiler if you plan to build and use the LAPACK

  1172. functions included with OpenBLAS. The sections below describe using either

  1173. <code>flang</code> as an add-on to clang/LLVM or <code>gfortran</code> as part of MinGW for this

  1174. purpose. If you want to use the Intel Fortran compiler (<code>ifort</code> or <code>ifx</code>) for

  1175. this, be sure to also use the Intel C compiler (<code>icc</code> or <code>icx</code>) for building

  1176. the C parts, as the ABI imposed by <code>ifort</code> is incompatible with MSVC</p>

  1177. <p>A fully-optimized OpenBLAS that can be statically or dynamically linked to your

  1178. application can currently be built for the 64-bit architecture with the LLVM

  1179. compiler infrastructure. We're going to use <a href="https://docs.anaconda.com/miniconda/">Miniconda3</a>

  1180. to grab all of the tools we need, since some of them are in an experimental

  1181. status. Before you begin, you'll need to have Microsoft Visual Studio 2015 or

  1182. newer installed.</p>

  1183. <ol>

  1184. <li>Install Miniconda3 for 64-bit Windows using <code>winget install --id Anaconda.Miniconda3</code>,

  1185.    or easily download from <a href="https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda.html">conda.io</a>.</li>

  1186. <li>Open the "Anaconda Command Prompt" now available in the Start Menu, or at <code>%USERPROFILE%\miniconda3\shell\condabin\conda-hook.ps1</code>.</li>

  1187. <li>In that command prompt window, use <code>cd</code> to change to the directory where you want to build OpenBLAS.</li>

  1188. <li>Now install all of the tools we need:

  1189.    <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>conda update -n base conda

  1190. conda config --add channels conda-forge

  1191. conda install -y cmake flang clangdev perl libflang ninja

  1192. </code></pre></div></li>

  1193. <li>

  1194. <p>Still in the Anaconda Command Prompt window, activate the 64-bit MSVC environment with <code>vcvarsall x64</code>.

  1195.     On Windows 11 with Visual Studio 2022, this would be done by invoking:</p>

  1196. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="s2">&quot;c:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\vc\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat&quot;</span>

  1197. </code></pre></div>

  1198. <p>With VS2019, the command should be the same (except for the year number of course).

  1199. For other versions of MSVC, please check the Visual Studio documentation for

  1200. exactly how to invoke the <code>vcvars64.bat</code> script.</p>

  1201. <p>Confirm that the environment is active by typing <code>link</code>. This should return

  1202. a long list of possible options for the <code>link</code> command. If it just returns

  1203. <em>"command not found"</em> or similar, review and retype the call to <code>vcvars64.bat</code>.</p>

  1204. <div class="admonition note">

  1205. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  1206. <p>if you are working from a Visual Studio command prompt window instead

  1207. (so that you do not have to do the <code>vcvars</code> call), you need to invoke

  1208. <code>conda activate</code> so that <code>CONDA_PREFIX</code> etc. get set up correctly before

  1209. proceeding to step 6. Failing to do so will lead to link errors like

  1210. <code>libflangmain.lib</code> not getting found later in the build.</p>

  1211. </div>

  1212. </li>

  1213. <li>

  1214. <p>Now configure the project with CMake. Starting in the project directory, execute the following:

  1215.     <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>set &quot;LIB=%CONDA_PREFIX%\Library\lib;%LIB%&quot;

  1216. set &quot;CPATH=%CONDA_PREFIX%\Library\include;%CPATH%&quot;

  1217. mkdir build

  1218. cd build

  1219. cmake .. -G &quot;Ninja&quot; -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang-cl -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-cl -DCMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER=flang -DCMAKE_MT=mt -DBUILD_WITHOUT_LAPACK=no -DNOFORTRAN=0 -DDYNAMIC_ARCH=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release

  1220. </code></pre></div></p>

  1221. <p>You may want to add further options in the <code>cmake</code> command here. For

  1222. instance, the default only produces a static <code>.lib</code> version of the library.

  1223. If you would rather have a DLL, add <code>-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON</code> above. Note that

  1224. this step only creates some command files and directories, the actual build

  1225. happens next.</p>

  1226. </li>

  1227. <li>

  1228. <p>Build the project:</p>

  1229. <p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>cmake --build . --config Release

  1230. </code></pre></div>

  1231. This step will create the OpenBLAS library in the <code>lib</code> directory, and

  1232. various build-time tests in the <code>test</code>, <code>ctest</code> and <code>openblas_utest</code>

  1233. directories. However it will not separate the header files you might need

  1234. for building your own programs from those used internally. To put all

  1235. relevant files in a more convenient arrangement, run the next step.</p>

  1236. </li>

  1237. <li>

  1238. <p>Install all relevant files created by the build:</p>

  1239. <p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>cmake --install . --prefix c:\opt -v

  1240. </code></pre></div>

  1241. This will copy all files that are needed for building and running your own

  1242. programs with OpenBLAS to the given location, creating appropriate

  1243. subdirectories for the individual kinds of files. In the case of <code>C:\opt</code> as

  1244. given above, this would be:</p>

  1245. <ul>

  1246. <li><code>C:\opt\include\openblas</code> for the header files, </li>

  1247. <li><code>C:\opt\bin</code> for the <code>libopenblas.dll</code> shared library,</li>

  1248. <li><code>C:\opt\lib</code> for the static library, and</li>

  1249. <li><code>C:\opt\share</code> holds various support files that enable other cmake-based

  1250.   build scripts to find OpenBLAS automatically.</li>

  1251. </ul>

  1252. </li>

  1253. </ol>

  1254. <div class="admonition tip">

  1255. <p class="admonition-title">Change in complex types for Visual Studio 2017 and up</p>

  1256. <p>In newer Visual Studio versions, Microsoft has changed

  1257. <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/complex-math-support?view=msvc-170#types-used-in-complex-math">how it handles complex types</a>.

  1258. Even when using a precompiled version of OpenBLAS, you might need to define

  1259. <code>LAPACK_COMPLEX_CUSTOM</code> in order to define complex types properly for MSVC.

  1260. For example, some variant of the following might help:</p>

  1261. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="cp">#if defined(_MSC_VER)</span>

  1262. <span class="w">    </span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&lt;complex.h&gt;</span>

  1263. <span class="w">    </span><span class="cp">#define LAPACK_COMPLEX_CUSTOM</span>

  1264. <span class="w">    </span><span class="cp">#define lapack_complex_float _Fcomplex</span>

  1265. <span class="w">    </span><span class="cp">#define lapack_complex_double _Dcomplex</span>

  1266. <span class="cp">#endif</span>

  1267. </code></pre></div>

  1268. <p>For reference, see

  1269. <a href="https://github.com/OpenMathLib/OpenBLAS/issues/3661">openblas#3661</a>,

  1270. <a href="https://github.com/Reference-LAPACK/lapack/issues/683">lapack#683</a>, and

  1271. <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47520244/using-openblas-lapacke-in-visual-studio">this Stack Overflow question</a>.</p>

  1272. </div>

  1273. <div class="admonition warning">

  1274. <p class="admonition-title">Building 32-bit binaries with MSVC</p>

  1275. <p>This method may produce binaries which demonstrate significantly lower

  1276. performance than those built with the other methods. The Visual Studio

  1277. compiler does not support the dialect of assembly used in the cpu-specific

  1278. optimized files, so only the "generic" <code>TARGET</code> which is written in pure C

  1279. will get built. For the same reason it is not possible (and not necessary)

  1280. to use <code>-DDYNAMIC_ARCH=ON</code> in a Visual Studio build. You may consider

  1281. building for the 32-bit architecture using the GNU (MinGW) ABI instead.</p>

  1282. </div>

  1283. <h5 id="cmake-visual-studio-integration">CMake &amp; Visual Studio integration</h5>

  1284. <p>To generate Visual Studio solution files, ensure CMake is installed and then run:

  1285. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># Do this from Powershell so cmake can find visual studio

  1286. cmake -G &quot;Visual Studio 14 Win64&quot; -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release .

  1287. </code></pre></div></p>

  1288. <p>To then build OpenBLAS using those solution files from within Visual Studio, we

  1289. also need Perl. Please install it and ensure it's on the <code>PATH</code> (see, e.g.,

  1290. <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3051049/active-perl-installation-on-windows-operating-system">this Stack Overflow question for how</a>).</p>

  1291. <p>If you build from within Visual Studio, the dependencies may not be

  1292. automatically configured: if you try to build <code>libopenblas</code> directly, it may

  1293. fail with a message saying that some <code>.obj</code> files aren't found. If this

  1294. happens, you can work around the problem by building the projects that

  1295. <code>libopenblas</code> depends on before building <code>libopenblas</code> itself.</p>

  1296. <h6 id="build-openblas-for-universal-windows-platform">Build OpenBLAS for Universal Windows Platform</h6>

  1297. <p>OpenBLAS can be built targeting <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a>

  1298. (UWP) like this:</p>

  1299. <ol>

  1300. <li>Follow the steps above to build the Visual Studio solution files for

  1301.     Windows. This builds the helper executables which are required when building

  1302.     the OpenBLAS Visual Studio solution files for UWP in step 2.</li>

  1303. <li>

  1304. <p>Remove the generated <code>CMakeCache.txt</code> and the <code>CMakeFiles</code> directory from

  1305.     the OpenBLAS source directory, then re-run CMake with the following options:</p>

  1306. <p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code># do this to build UWP compatible solution files

  1307. cmake -G &quot;Visual Studio 14 Win64&quot; -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=WindowsStore -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION=&quot;10.0&quot; -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=AMD64 -DVS_WINRT_COMPONENT=TRUE -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release .

  1308. </code></pre></div>

  1309. 3.  Now build the solution with Visual Studio.</p>

  1310. </li>

  1311. </ol>

  1312. <h4 id="mingw-gnu-abi">MinGW &amp; GNU ABI</h4>

  1313. <div class="admonition note">

  1314. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  1315. <p>The resulting library from building with MinGW as described below can be

  1316. used in Visual Studio, but it can only be linked dynamically. This

  1317. configuration has not been thoroughly tested and should be considered

  1318. experimental.</p>

  1319. </div>

  1320. <p>To build OpenBLAS on Windows with MinGW:</p>

  1321. <ol>

  1322. <li>Install the MinGW (GCC) compiler suite, either the 32-bit

  1323.     [MinGW]((http://www.mingw.org/) or the 64-bit

  1324.     <a href="http://mingw-w64.sourceforge.net/">MinGW-w64</a> toolchain. Be sure to install

  1325.     its <code>gfortran</code> package as well (unless you really want to build the BLAS part

  1326.     of OpenBLAS only) and check that <code>gcc</code> and <code>gfortran</code> are the same version.

  1327.     In addition, please install MSYS2 with MinGW.</li>

  1328. <li>Build OpenBLAS in the MSYS2 shell. Usually, you can just type <code>make</code>.

  1329.     OpenBLAS will detect the compiler and CPU automatically. </li>

  1330. <li>After the build is complete, OpenBLAS will generate the static library

  1331.     <code>libopenblas.a</code> and the shared library <code>libopenblas.dll</code> in the folder. You

  1332.     can type <code>make PREFIX=/your/installation/path install</code> to install the

  1333.     library to a certain location.</li>

  1334. </ol>

  1335. <p>Note that OpenBLAS will generate the import library <code>libopenblas.dll.a</code> for

  1336. <code>libopenblas.dll</code> by default.</p>

  1337. <p>If you want to generate Windows-native PDB files from a MinGW build, you can

  1338. use the <a href="https://github.com/rainers/cv2pdb">cv2pdb</a> tool to do so.</p>

  1339. <p>To then use the built OpenBLAS shared library in Visual Studio:</p>

  1340. <ol>

  1341. <li>Copy the import library (<code>OPENBLAS_TOP_DIR/libopenblas.dll.a</code>) and the

  1342.     shared library (<code>libopenblas.dll</code>) into the same folder (this must be the

  1343.     folder of your project that is going to use the BLAS library. You may need

  1344.     to add <code>libopenblas.dll.a</code> to the linker input list: <code>properties-&gt;Linker-&gt;Input</code>).</li>

  1345. <li>Please follow the Visual Studio documentation about using third-party .dll

  1346.     libraries, and make sure to link against a library for the correct

  1347.     architecture.<sup id="fnref:1"><a class="footnote-ref" href="#fn:1">1</a></sup></li>

  1348. <li>If you need CBLAS, you should include <code>cblas.h</code> in

  1349.     <code>/your/installation/path/include</code> in Visual Studio. Please see

  1350.     <a href="http://github.com/OpenMathLib/OpenBLAS/issues/95">openblas#95</a> for more details.</li>

  1351. </ol>

  1352. <div class="admonition info">

  1353. <p class="admonition-title">Limitations of using the MinGW build within Visual Studio</p>

  1354. <ul>

  1355. <li>Both static and dynamic linking are supported with MinGW.  With Visual

  1356.   Studio, however, only dynamic linking is supported and so you should use

  1357.   the import library.</li>

  1358. <li>Debugging from Visual Studio does not work because MinGW and Visual

  1359.   Studio have incompatible formats for debug information (PDB vs.

  1360.   DWARF/STABS).  You should either debug with GDB on the command line or

  1361.   with a visual frontend, for instance <a href="http://www.eclipse.org/cdt/">Eclipse</a> or

  1362.   <a href="http://qt.nokia.com/products/developer-tools/">Qt Creator</a>.</li>

  1363. </ul>

  1364. </div>

  1365. <h3 id="windows-on-arm">Windows on Arm</h3>

  1366. <p>A fully functional native OpenBLAS for WoA that can be built as both a static and dynamic library using LLVM toolchain and Visual Studio 2022. Before starting to build, make sure that you have installed Visual Studio 2022 on your ARM device, including the "Desktop Development with C++" component (that contains the cmake tool).

  1367. (Note that you can use the free "Visual Studio 2022 Community Edition" for this task. In principle it would be possible to build with VisualStudio alone, but using

  1368. the LLVM toolchain enables native compilation of the Fortran sources of LAPACK and of all the optimized assembly files, which VisualStudio cannot handle on its own)</p>

  1369. <ol>

  1370. <li>

  1371. <p>Clone OpenBLAS to your local machine and checkout to latest release of

  1372.    OpenBLAS (unless you want to build the latest development snapshot - here we

  1373.    are using  the 0.3.28 release as the example, of course this exact version

  1374.    may be outdated by the time you read this)</p>

  1375. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>git clone https://github.com/OpenMathLib/OpenBLAS.git

  1376. cd OpenBLAS

  1377. git checkout v0.3.28

  1378. </code></pre></div>

  1379. </li>

  1380. <li>

  1381. <p>Install Latest LLVM toolchain for WoA:</p>

  1382. <p>Download the Latest LLVM toolchain for WoA from <a href="https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/releases/tag/llvmorg-19.1.5">the Release

  1383.    page</a>. At

  1384.    the time of writing, this is version 19.1.5 - be sure to select the

  1385.    latest release for which you can find a precompiled package whose name ends

  1386.    in "-woa64.exe" (precompiled packages usually lag a week or two behind their

  1387.    corresponding source release).  Make sure to enable the option

  1388.    <em>“Add LLVM to the system PATH for all the users”</em>.</p>

  1389. <p>Note: Make sure that the path of LLVM toolchain is at the top of Environment

  1390.    Variables section to avoid conflicts between the set of compilers available

  1391.    in the system path</p>

  1392. </li>

  1393. <li>

  1394. <p>Launch the Native Command Prompt for Windows ARM64:</p>

  1395. <p>From the start menu search for <em>"ARM64 Native Tools Command Prompt for Visual

  1396.    Studio 2022"</em>. Alternatively open command prompt, run the following command to

  1397.    activate the environment:</p>

  1398. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsarm64.bat

  1399. </code></pre></div>

  1400. </li>

  1401. <li>

  1402. <p>Navigate to the OpenBLAS source code directory and start building OpenBLAS

  1403.    by invoking Ninja:</p>

  1404. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>cd OpenBLAS

  1405. mkdir build

  1406. cd build

  1407. 

  1408. cmake .. -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DTARGET=ARMV8 -DBINARY=64 -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-cl -DCMAKE_Fortran_COMPILER=flang-new

  1409. 

  1410. ninja -j16

  1411. </code></pre></div>

  1412. <p>Note: You might want to include additional options in the cmake command

  1413.    here. For example, the default configuration only generates a

  1414.    <code>static.lib</code> version of the library. If you prefer a DLL, you can add

  1415.    <code>-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON</code>.</p>

  1416. <p>Note that it is also possible to use the same setup to build OpenBLAS

  1417.    with Make, if you prefer Makefiles over the CMake build for some

  1418.    reason:</p>

  1419. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$ make CC=clang-cl FC=flang-new AR=&quot;llvm-ar&quot; TARGET=ARMV8 ARCH=arm64 RANLIB=&quot;llvm-ranlib&quot; MAKE=make

  1420. </code></pre></div>

  1421. </li>

  1422. </ol>

  1423. <h4 id="generating-an-import-library">Generating an import library</h4>

  1424. <p>Microsoft Windows has this thing called "import libraries". You need it for

  1425. MSVC; you don't need it for MinGW because the <code>ld</code> linker is smart enough -

  1426. however, you may still want it for some reason, so we'll describe the process

  1427. for both MSVC and MinGW.</p>

  1428. <p>Import libraries are compiled from a list of what symbols to use, which are

  1429. contained in a <code>.def</code> file. A <code>.def</code> file should be already be present in the

  1430. <code>exports</code> directory under the top-level OpenBLAS directory after you've run a build.

  1431. In your shell, move to this directory: <code>cd exports</code>.</p>

  1432. <div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="4:2"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_4_1" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_4_2" name="__tabbed_4" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_4_1">MSVC</label><label for="__tabbed_4_2">MinGW</label></div>

  1433. <div class="tabbed-content">

  1434. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1435. <p>Unlike MinGW, MSVC absolutely requires an import library. Now the C ABI of

  1436. MSVC and MinGW are actually identical, so linking is actually okay (any

  1437. incompatibility in the C ABI would be a bug).</p>

  1438. <p>The import libraries of MSVC have the suffix <code>.lib</code>. They are generated

  1439. from a <code>.def</code> file using MSVC's <code>lib.exe</code>.</p>

  1440. </div>

  1441. <div class="tabbed-block">

  1442. <p>MinGW import libraries have the suffix <code>.a</code>, just like static libraries.

  1443. Our goal is to produce the file <code>libopenblas.dll.a</code>.</p>

  1444. <p>You need to first insert a line <code>LIBRARY libopenblas.dll</code> in <code>libopenblas.def</code>:

  1445. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>cat &lt;(echo &quot;LIBRARY libopenblas.dll&quot;) libopenblas.def &gt; libopenblas.def.1

  1446. mv libopenblas.def.1 libopenblas.def

  1447. </code></pre></div></p>

  1448. <p>Now the <code>.def</code> file probably looks like:

  1449. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>LIBRARY libopenblas.dll

  1450. EXPORTS

  1451.    caxpy=caxpy_  @1

  1452.    caxpy_=caxpy_  @2

  1453.        ...

  1454. </code></pre></div>

  1455. Then, generate the import library: <code>dlltool -d libopenblas.def -l libopenblas.dll.a</code></p>

  1456. <p><em>Again, there is basically <strong>no point</strong> in making an import library for use in MinGW. It actually slows down linking.</em></p>

  1457. </div>

  1458. </div>

  1459. </div>

  1460. <h3 id="android">Android</h3>

  1461. <p>To build OpenBLAS for Android, you will need the following tools installed on your machine:</p>

  1462. <ul>

  1463. <li><a href="https://developer.android.com/ndk/">The Android NDK</a></li>

  1464. <li>Clang compiler on the build machine</li>

  1465. </ul>

  1466. <p>The next two sections below describe how to build with Clang for ARMV7 and

  1467. ARMV8 targets, respectively. The same basic principles as described below for

  1468. ARMV8 should also apply to building an x86 or x86-64 version (substitute

  1469. something like <code>NEHALEM</code> for the target instead of <code>ARMV8</code>, and replace all the

  1470. <code>aarch64</code> in the toolchain paths with <code>x86</code> or <code>x96_64</code> as appropriate).</p>

  1471. <div class="admonition info">

  1472. <p class="admonition-title">Historic note</p>

  1473. <p>Since NDK version 19, the default toolchain is provided as a standalone

  1474. toolchain, so building one yourself following

  1475. <a href="http://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/standalone_toolchain.html">building a standalone toolchain</a>

  1476. should no longer be necessary.</p>

  1477. </div>

  1478. <h4 id="building-for-armv7">Building for ARMV7</h4>

  1479. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># Set path to ndk-bundle</span>

  1480. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="o">=</span>/path/to/ndk-bundle

  1481. 

  1482. <span class="c1"># Set the PATH to contain paths to clang and arm-linux-androideabi-* utilities</span>

  1483. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PATH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin:<span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin:<span class="nv">$PATH</span>

  1484. 

  1485. <span class="c1"># Set LDFLAGS so that the linker finds the appropriate libgcc</span>

  1486. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-L</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.9.x&quot;</span>

  1487. 

  1488. <span class="c1"># Set the clang cross compile flags</span>

  1489. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CLANG_FLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-target arm-linux-androideabi -marm -mfpu=vfp -mfloat-abi=softfp --sysroot </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/platforms/android-23/arch-arm -gcc-toolchain </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/&quot;</span>

  1490. 

  1491. <span class="c1">#OpenBLAS Compile</span>

  1492. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ARMV7<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span>ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;clang </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">CLANG_FLAGS</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ARM_SOFTFP_ABI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span>-j4

  1493. </code></pre></div>

  1494. <p>On macOS, it may also be necessary to give the complete path to the <code>ar</code>

  1495. utility in the make command above, like so:

  1496. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/prebuilt/darwin-x86_64/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc-ar

  1497. </code></pre></div>

  1498. otherwise you may get a linker error complaining like <code>malformed archive header

  1499. name at 8</code> when the native macOS <code>ar</code> command was invoked instead. Note that

  1500. with recent NDK versions, the AR tool may be named <code>llvm-ar</code> rather than what

  1501. is assumed above.</p>

  1502. <h4 id="building-for-armv8">Building for ARMV8</h4>

  1503. <p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># Set path to ndk-bundle</span>

  1504. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="o">=</span>/path/to/ndk-bundle/

  1505. 

  1506. <span class="c1"># Export PATH to contain directories of clang and aarch64-linux-android-* utilities</span>

  1507. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PATH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/toolchains/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/:<span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin:<span class="nv">$PATH</span>

  1508. 

  1509. <span class="c1"># Setup LDFLAGS so that loader can find libgcc and pass -lm for sqrt</span>

  1510. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-L</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/toolchains/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-android/4.9.x -lm&quot;</span>

  1511. 

  1512. <span class="c1"># Setup the clang cross compile options</span>

  1513. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CLANG_FLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-target aarch64-linux-android --sysroot </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/platforms/android-23/arch-arm64 -gcc-toolchain </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">NDK_BUNDLE_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/toolchains/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/&quot;</span>

  1514. 

  1515. <span class="c1"># Compile</span>

  1516. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ARMV8<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span>ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;clang </span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">CLANG_FLAGS</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span>-j4

  1517. </code></pre></div>

  1518. Note: using <code>TARGET=CORTEXA57</code> in place of <code>ARMV8</code> will pick up better

  1519. optimized routines. Implementations for the <code>CORTEXA57</code> target are compatible

  1520. with all other <code>ARMV8</code> targets.</p>

  1521. <p>Note: for NDK 23b, something as simple as:

  1522. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">PATH</span><span class="o">=</span>/opt/android-ndk-r23b/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/:<span class="nv">$PATH</span>

  1523. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span>/opt/android-ndk-r23b/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/aarch64-linux-android31-clang<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ARMV8

  1524. </code></pre></div>

  1525. appears to be sufficient on Linux. On OSX, setting AR to the ar provided in the

  1526. "bin" path of the NDK (probably <code>llvm-ar</code>) is also necessary.</p>

  1527. <details class="note">

  1528. <summary>Alternative build script for 3 architectures</summary>

  1529. <p>This script will build OpenBLAS for 3 architecture (<code>ARMV7</code>, <code>ARMV8</code>,

  1530. <code>X86</code>) and install them to <code>/opt/OpenBLAS/lib</code>. Of course you can also copy

  1531. only the section that is of interest to you - also notice that the <code>AR=</code>

  1532. line may need adapting to the name of the ar tool provided in your

  1533. <code>$TOOLCHAIN/bin</code> - for example <code>llvm-ar</code> in some recent NDK versions.

  1534. It was tested on macOS with NDK version 21.3.6528147.</p>

  1535. <p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">NDK</span><span class="o">=</span>YOUR_PATH_TO_SDK/Android/sdk/ndk/21.3.6528147

  1536. <span class="nb">export</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$NDK</span>/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/darwin-x86_64

  1537. 

  1538. make<span class="w"> </span>clean

  1539. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1540. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ARMV7<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1541. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1542. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi21-clang<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1543. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1544. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1545. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">ARM_SOFTFP_ABI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1546. <span class="w">    </span>-j4

  1547. sudo<span class="w"> </span>make<span class="w"> </span>install

  1548. 

  1549. make<span class="w"> </span>clean

  1550. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1551. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>CORTEXA57<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1552. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1553. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span>/bin/aarch64-linux-android21-clang<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1554. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span>/bin/aarch64-linux-android-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1555. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1556. -j4

  1557. sudo<span class="w"> </span>make<span class="w"> </span>install

  1558. 

  1559. make<span class="w"> </span>clean

  1560. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1561. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ATOM<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1562. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1563. <span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>/bin/i686-linux-android21-clang<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1564. <span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>/bin/i686-linux-android-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1565. <span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1566. <span class="nv">ARM_SOFTFP_ABI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1567. -j4

  1568. sudo<span class="w"> </span>make<span class="w"> </span>install

  1569. 

  1570. <span class="c1">## This will build for x86_64 </span>

  1571. make<span class="w"> </span>clean

  1572. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1573. <span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ATOM<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">64</span><span class="se">\</span>

  1574. <span class="nv">ONLY_CBLAS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1575. <span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>/bin/x86_64-linux-android21-clang<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1576. <span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>/bin/x86_64-linux-android-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1577. <span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1578. <span class="nv">ARM_SOFTFP_ABI</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1579. -j4

  1580. sudo<span class="w"> </span>make<span class="w"> </span>install

  1581. </code></pre></div>

  1582. You can find full list of target architectures in <a href="https://github.com/OpenMathLib/OpenBLAS/blob/develop/TargetList.txt">TargetList.txt</a></p>

  1583. </details>

  1584. <h3 id="iphoneios">iPhone/iOS</h3>

  1585. <p>As none of the current developers uses iOS, the following instructions are what

  1586. was found to work in our Azure CI setup, but as far as we know this builds a

  1587. fully working OpenBLAS for this platform.</p>

  1588. <p>Go to the directory where you unpacked OpenBLAS,and enter the following commands:

  1589. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span>/Applications/Xcode_12.4.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang

  1590. 

  1591. <span class="nv">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>-O2<span class="w"> </span>-Wno-macro-redefined<span class="w"> </span>-isysroot<span class="w"> </span>/Applications/Xcode_12.4.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS14.4.sdk<span class="w"> </span>-arch<span class="w"> </span>arm64<span class="w"> </span>-miphoneos-version-min<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">10</span>.0

  1592. 

  1593. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>ARMV8<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">DYNAMIC_ARCH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">NUM_THREADS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>clang<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">NOFORTRAN</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span>

  1594. </code></pre></div>

  1595. Adjust <code>MIN_IOS_VERSION</code> as necessary for your installation. E.g., change the version number

  1596. to the minimum iOS version you want to target and execute this file to build the library.</p>

  1597. <h3 id="harmonyos">HarmonyOS</h3>

  1598. <p>For this target you will need the cross-compiler toolchain package by Huawei,

  1599. which contains solutions for both Windows and Linux. Only the Linux-based

  1600. toolchain has been tested so far, but the following instructions may apply

  1601. similarly to Windows:</p>

  1602. <p>Download <a href="https://repo.huaweicloud.com/harmonyos/os/4.1.1-Release/ohos-sdk-windows_linux-public.tar.gz">this HarmonyOS 4.1.1 SDK</a>,

  1603. or whatever newer version may be available in the future). Use <code>tar -xvf

  1604. ohos-sdk-windows_linux_public.tar.gz</code> to unpack it somewhere on your system.

  1605. This will create a folder named "ohos-sdk" with subfolders "linux" and

  1606. "windows". In the linux one you will find a ZIP archive named

  1607. <code>native-linux-x64-4.1.7.8-Release.zip</code> - you need to unzip this where you want

  1608. to install the cross-compiler, for example in <code>/opt/ohos-sdk</code>.</p>

  1609. <p>In the directory where you unpacked OpenBLAS, create a build directory for cmake, and change into it :

  1610. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>mkdir<span class="w"> </span>build

  1611. <span class="nb">cd</span><span class="w"> </span>build

  1612. </code></pre></div>

  1613. Use the version of <code>cmake</code> that came with the SDK, and specify the location of

  1614. its toolchain file as a cmake option. Also set the build target for OpenBLAS to

  1615. <code>ARMV8</code> and specify <code>NOFORTRAN=1</code> (at least as of version 4.1.1, the SDK

  1616. contains no Fortran compiler):

  1617. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>/opt/ohos-sdk/linux/native/build-tools/cmake/bin/cmake<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1618. <span class="w">      </span>-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE<span class="o">=</span>/opt/ohos-sdk/linux/native/build/cmake/ohos.toolchain.cmake<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>

  1619. <span class="w">      </span>-DOHOS_ARCH<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;arm64-v8a&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span>-DTARGET<span class="o">=</span>ARMV8<span class="w"> </span>-DNOFORTRAN<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span>..

  1620. </code></pre></div>

  1621. Additional other OpenBLAS build options like <code>USE_OPENMP=1</code> or <code>DYNAMIC_ARCH=1</code>

  1622. will probably work too. Finally do the build:

  1623. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>/opt/ohos-sdk/linux/native/build-tools/cmake/bin/cmake<span class="w"> </span>--build<span class="w"> </span>.

  1624. </code></pre></div></p>

  1625. <h3 id="mips">MIPS</h3>

  1626. <p>For MIPS targets you will need latest toolchains:</p>

  1627. <ul>

  1628. <li>P5600 - MTI GNU/Linux Toolchain</li>

  1629. <li>I6400, P6600 - IMG GNU/Linux Toolchain</li>

  1630. </ul>

  1631. <p>You can use following commandlines for builds:</p>

  1632. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nv">IMG_TOOLCHAIN_DIR</span><span class="o">={</span>full<span class="w"> </span>IMG<span class="w"> </span>GNU/Linux<span class="w"> </span>Toolchain<span class="w"> </span>path<span class="w"> </span>including<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;bin&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span>directory<span class="w"> </span>--<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span>example,<span class="w"> </span>/opt/linux_toolchain/bin<span class="o">}</span>

  1633. <span class="nv">IMG_GCC_PREFIX</span><span class="o">=</span>mips-img-linux-gnu

  1634. <span class="nv">IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">IMG_TOOLCHAIN_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/<span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">IMG_GCC_PREFIX</span><span class="si">}</span>

  1635. 

  1636. <span class="c1"># I6400 Build (n32):</span>

  1637. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY32</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">-gfortran -EL -mabi=n32&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">RANLIB</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ranlib<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>I6400

  1638. 

  1639. <span class="c1"># I6400 Build (n64):</span>

  1640. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">64</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY64</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">-gfortran -EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">RANLIB</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ranlib<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>I6400

  1641. 

  1642. <span class="c1"># P6600 Build (n32):</span>

  1643. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY32</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">-gfortran -EL -mabi=n32&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">RANLIB</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ranlib<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>P6600

  1644. 

  1645. <span class="c1"># P6600 Build (n64):</span>

  1646. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">64</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY64</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">-gfortran -EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">RANLIB</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$IMG_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ranlib<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>P6600

  1647. 

  1648. <span class="nv">MTI_TOOLCHAIN_DIR</span><span class="o">={</span>full<span class="w"> </span>MTI<span class="w"> </span>GNU/Linux<span class="w"> </span>Toolchain<span class="w"> </span>path<span class="w"> </span>including<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;bin&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span>directory<span class="w"> </span>--<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span>example,<span class="w"> </span>/opt/linux_toolchain/bin<span class="o">}</span>

  1649. <span class="nv">MTI_GCC_PREFIX</span><span class="o">=</span>mips-mti-linux-gnu

  1650. <span class="nv">MTI_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">IMG_TOOLCHAIN_DIR</span><span class="si">}</span>/<span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">IMG_GCC_PREFIX</span><span class="si">}</span>

  1651. 

  1652. <span class="c1"># P5600 Build:</span>

  1653. 

  1654. make<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">BINARY32</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$MTI_TOOLCHAIN</span>-gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">AR</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$MTI_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ar<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="nv">$MTI_TOOLCHAIN</span><span class="s2">-gfortran -EL&quot;</span><span class="w">    </span><span class="nv">RANLIB</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$MTI_TOOLCHAIN</span>-ranlib<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">HOSTCC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;-EL&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">LDFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$CFLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">TARGET</span><span class="o">=</span>P5600

  1655. </code></pre></div>

  1656. <h3 id="freebsd_1">FreeBSD</h3>

  1657. <p>You will need to install the following tools from the FreeBSD ports tree:</p>

  1658. <ul>

  1659. <li>lang/gcc</li>

  1660. <li>lang/perl5.12</li>

  1661. <li>ftp/curl</li>

  1662. <li>devel/gmake</li>

  1663. <li>devel/patch</li>

  1664. </ul>

  1665. <p>To compile run the command:

  1666. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>gmake<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span>gcc<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">FC</span><span class="o">=</span>gfortran

  1667. </code></pre></div></p>

  1668. <h3 id="cortex-m">Cortex-M</h3>

  1669. <p>Cortex-M is a widely used microcontroller that is present in a variety of

  1670. industrial and consumer electronics. A common variant of the Cortex-M is the

  1671. <code>STM32F4xx</code> series. Here, we will give instructions for building for that

  1672. series.</p>

  1673. <p>First, install the embedded Arm GCC compiler from the Arm website. Then, create

  1674. the following <code>toolchain.cmake</code> file:</p>

  1675. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">Generic</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1676. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">arm</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1677. 

  1678. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_C_COMPILER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;arm-none-eabi-gcc.exe&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1679. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;arm-none-eabi-g++.exe&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1680. 

  1681. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;--specs=nosys.specs&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">CACHE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">INTERNAL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1682. 

  1683. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">NEVER</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1684. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">ONLY</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1685. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">ONLY</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1686. <span class="nb">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">ONLY</span><span class="p">)</span>

  1687. </code></pre></div>

  1688. <p>Then build OpenBLAS with:

  1689. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>$<span class="w"> </span>cmake<span class="w"> </span>..<span class="w"> </span>-G<span class="w"> </span>Ninja<span class="w"> </span>-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER<span class="o">=</span>arm-none-eabi-gcc<span class="w"> </span>-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE:PATH<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;toolchain.cmake&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span>-DNOFORTRAN<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span>-DTARGET<span class="o">=</span>ARMV5<span class="w"> </span>-DEMBEDDED<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">1</span>

  1690. </code></pre></div></p>

  1691. <p>In your embedded application, the following functions need to be provided for OpenBLAS to work correctly:

  1692. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ptr</span><span class="p">);</span>

  1693. <span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">);</span>

  1694. </code></pre></div></p>

  1695. <div class="admonition note">

  1696. <p class="admonition-title">Note</p>

  1697. <p>If you are developing for an embedded platform, it is your responsibility

  1698. to make sure that the device has sufficient memory for <code>malloc</code> calls.

  1699. <a href="https://github.com/embeddedartistry/libmemory">Libmemory</a>

  1700. provides one implementation of <code>malloc</code> for embedded platforms.</p>

  1701. </div>

  1702. <div class="footnote">

  1703. <hr />

  1704. <ol>

  1705. <li id="fn:1">

  1706. <p>If the OpenBLAS DLLs are not linked correctly, you may see an error like

  1707.    <em>"The application was unable to start correctly (0xc000007b)"</em>, which typically

  1708.    indicates a mismatch between 32-bit and 64-bit libraries.&#160;<a class="footnote-backref" href="#fnref:1" title="Jump back to footnote 1 in the text">&#8617;</a></p>

  1709. </li>

  1710. </ol>

  1711. </div>

  1712. 

  1713. 

  1714. 

  1715. 

  1716. 

  1717. 

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